Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xvii uPeter I, efuna ukukomeleza impembelelo yelizwe elwandle, iyalelwe ukuba idale isithuthi, iyakwazi ukumelana nolunye utshaba. Ukususela oko ukuba iinqanawa zazakhiwe kummiselo womlawuli wokuqala waseRussia, iinqanawa zahlule, zadlula ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300. Kule xesha lidlulileyo, itekhnoloji yokwakhiwa kweenqanawa itshintshile, iinqanawa ngokwazo zilungile "ngobukhulu, kunye ne-Russian, iphantse yaphakama emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, iphantse yaphakamisa isibhengezo someleleyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Vumela impahla emininzi idalwe eSoviet Union, kodwa ukugcwaliswa ngokutsha kwe-RF kulungiselelwe, kwaye "i-jagui" yakudala "iyakwazi ukwenziwa kwenziwe ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ze I-Russian Fleet kwaye apho benza khona "umvuzo" wesigaba seNaval, siya kuxela i-24cmi.
"IFleet ye-Admiral yeSoviet Union yeKuznetssov"
"IFleet ye-Admiral Union yaseSoviet Union yaseKuznetssov" - elona nqanawa inkulu kwinqanawa yaseRussia kunye nomkhweli onobubele obunobubele (i-tavkr), edibanisa uyilo lwezibonelelo zomdlalo wenqwelomoya, kwi I-Deck apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ibekhona kwaye igcine inqwelo moya engama-28 kunye neehelikopta ezingama-24 kunye nezixhobo ezinamaqhinga e-rocket.Ookhokho
"Kuznetssov" yaba luphuhliso lweProjekthi 1143 "Drain", abadali ababengabasebenzi be-NEVSKY PCB phantsi kobunkokeli be-Arkady. Kwimizobo ephucukileyo ukusuka ngo-1970 ukuya ku-1978, 4 i-4 ye-Aviaiance Druisers zayakhiwe. 1143 ngokwayo kukuqhubeka kwe "Inkcoyitha" (1123), equka i-anti-subrimarine ye-Anti-Helicapta, eyilelwe ukufumana nokutshabalalisa amanqanawa otshaba olunokwenzeka.
Iinqanawa ezenziwa phantsi kweprojekthi i-1143 zazingenayo i-Deaded Decle epheleleyo - i-theoff egcweleyo kunye nenqwelo moya kunye nenqwelomoya. Kodwa isenzo sokusebenzisa sibonisa ukungasebenzi kwendawo yokuhlala e-Yak-38 iinqanawa. Inqwelo-moya ayinaso isikhululo se-radar ye-radar kwiBritish-Bomberder "yayingaphantsi ngokwemifanekiso, kwaye yahlulahlulwa zizixhobo ezibuthathaka.
Ukusilela kwifayile
Ngenxa yeengxaki ezifunyenweyo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-SVP kunye nokusilela kwe-SEPP "yaki", ezinye iindlela zinesidingo sokuphuhliswa kweenqanawa ezinokuthathwa ekuthatheni iskimu esikhutshelweyo. Iyonke, iinqanawa ezi-3 zenziwa kwiprojekthi yagqitywa ngo-1981:- "VARYAG" (1143.6), ibekwe phantsi ngo-1985 kwaye ibanjiwe emva kokuwa kwe-USSR kwinkqubo engafakwanga eUkraine, eyayithengisa "yelifa" yi-china, eyayisesa inqanawa eyayinenqwelomoya;
- "I-Ulyanovsk" (1143.7), iimpawu ezihluliweyo zofakelo lwe-Nurglear kunye noyilo lwe-catagraphy luye lwaqala ngo-1988, kodwa kwiminyaka emine ihlaselwa yimeko yoqoqosho olungenalo urhulumente;
- "I-Admiral Kuznetssov" (I-Aviance Aviance Druiser yeProjekthi ye-1143.5), 'ubuchopho "bokuqala" bokuphumelela, kwaphelelwa yimpumelelo, kwathunyelwa ngo-1991 ekwenzeni umkhosi we-Russian Federation, kwizikhundla zawo Wathabatha ngaphambi kowama-2018, xa wathunyelwa kwisixhobo sokuphuculwa kunye nokuphindaphinda kwisityalo se-MURMAnsK Shit, apho i-2020 ye-2020 ilungisa kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ilungiswe.
Iinjongo
Owona msebenzi uphambili we-743.5 "I-Admiral Kuznetsova" Yenziwa phantsi kweprojekthi yayikukusebenza komsebenzi wokhuselo. Inqanawa iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenqanawa zeatomic kwiindawo zokuhambahamba kunye nonqabiseko lwenteko kunye nezokhuseleko, zazibandakanyeka ekukhangeleni kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nomgangatho wotshaba. Kwakhona, imisebenzi yenqwelo moya yenqwelomoya yayiquka ukugubungela ukuthathwa kwamakhosi amakhosi asweleyo. Umsebenzi kufutshane nabanye abantu ukuze uhlaselwe uhlaselo lweenqwelomoya emsebenzini omiselwe ngabadali bezona nqanawa zinkulu zeRussia, ezingafakwanga.
Iimpawu zeqhinga nezobuchwephesha
Ngowona msebenzi uphakamileyo wama-61 amawaka eetoni ze-TBRER, ezi zinto zilandelayo zezi:- Ubude bempumlo ukuya kwi-Trters ngama-306 m;
- Ububanzi - 72 M kweyona ndawo inamandla;
- Ukuphakama ngokubanzi - i-65 m.
I-Catanic Armor, kunye nokuphinda uphinda-phindo lweKhabhinethi "amagumbi owomileyo", ukukhuselwa kwiTorpedo iqulathe ii-3 zeengqengqelo. Ukufakwa kwemisipha (i-cutlubnin nge-4 shafts) ikuvumela ukuba uphuhlise isantya ukuya kwi-54 km / h (3 29). I-Stroke Reserve-ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-9 lamawaka eekhilomitha kuxhomekeka kwisantya.
Kwibhodi ekhwenyele i-cruiser ihamba i-radar kunye nezixhobo zokuhamba, inqwelo-moya, inqwelo-moya, i-anti-surmarine kunye nezixhobo zeRocker kunye ne-rocket kunye ne-rocket. Kwidesika yenqwelomoya ivunyelwe ukuba isuswe kwi-50 inqwelo moya (SU-33, i-mig-29, i-SU-27) kunye nehelikopta (i-KA-27, ka-27).
Inani labasebenzi abangama-1960. Ixesha lokuntywila ngokuzenzekelayo - kwiintsuku ezingama-45.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ukusuka kwinani lezinto ezimbi kwiimpawu zokufudukela kwiyona nto inomdla kakhulu-enomdla kwinqwelo-moya yenqwelo moya "I-Admiral Kuznetssov".
Umsebenzi wePseundenym
Igama lakhe langoku lelona nqanawa inkulu yomkhosi wenqanawa yeRussia ayizange ibekho kwangoko. Xa uyila kwi-Kb, inqanawa yacwangciswa ukufowunela iSoviet Union. Kwinqanaba lokulala, isigqibo saphononongwa-inqanawa yafumana igama "riga".Kodwa ngexesha lolwakhiwo, unobhala wokuqala wekomiti yeCPU ephakathi ngoNovemba 10, 1982. Ngokunxulumene nentlekele nge-22 kaNovemba, i-Cruiser yayiyeyokwayiswa nguLeonid Brezhnev, inika irhafu kwinkumbulo yeNkukhuni yelizwe. Ngegama le-jikelele yonobhala ngokubanzi kwiBhowkr kwaye wehla emanzini ngoDisemba 4, 1985 - ukuzaliswa kwaqhubeka kwi-afloat.
Ngo-Agasti 1987, ubunkokheli beFleet bagqiba kwelokuba "ubusuku bonke" inqanawa kwakhona - ngoku abathwali ngenqwelomoya babuyela kwiTsilisi. Phantsi kwegama ledolophu yaseGeorgia, inqanawa yadlula de saphelisa kwiimvavanyo zika-1990, emva koko, nge-4 ka-Oktobha, yabizwa ngokuba yi-vikoildovich ye-joring yaseSoviet. I-USSR Navy ukusuka ngo-1939 ukuya ku-1946 ukuya ku-1951 ukuya kowe-1953.
Isampulu ye-plumage
Kude kube ngo-1989, kuphela ihelikopta kunye ne-svp bakhupha kwidesika yeSoviet. NgoNovemba 1, ngexesha lovavanyo, kwi-Deck emva koko uTsilisis wenza inqwelomoya okokuqala efihlakeleyo kwi-vict viktor ye-viktov. Kwaye okokuqala ukukhulula nophawu, i-mig-29K ngeToktar Aubacirov njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Isigameko esiluncedo
Ibanjwa ngo-1936, iNdibano ye-Montreux malunga nolawulo lweBossiors kunye neDadenelles, iwathintela isicatshulwa seenqwelo moya emanzini olwandle olumnyama, lishiya ilungelo lokutyelela iinqanawa ezimnyama. Kwangelo xesha, ikhontrakthi ibhaliswe ukuba ukuba isenzo somvuzo ayisiyonto iphambili yenqanawa, ke, nokuba ixhotywe ngenqwelomoya, inqanawa enjalo ayiqwalaselwanga inqwelo moya. Iimpawu ezakhayo, izixhobo zamarokethi kunye nokuhlelwa njenge "Druisence Cruiser" yenza ukuba "i-admiral i-kwabadnetssov" ekuphela komqhubi wenqwelomoya, ovunyelwe ukuba abekhona emanzini amnyama.IPhoenix
NgoDisemba wama-2019, xa udlulisa umbethe wokuphumelela kunye nezixhobo zokuphinda-phinda kwisityalo se-Murmansk, umlilo wemitha ezingama-600 wavela kwinqanawa. m, ukuthobeka kwakhe kwakufuneka kuchithe usuku. Ngenxa yesi sigameko, abantu aba-2 basweleka, kwaye baya kutshiswa i-12 kunye nokulimala. Esi siganeko siye sasusa imihla ebekiweyo yokuhlaziyeka kwesidanga sonyaka.
I-Sare eyothusayo eYurophu, okanye malunga nabaxhasi
Kwinqanaba lezithuthi ezisemantla, apho "iKuznetsova" abhalisele ngokusemthethweni ngoJanuwari 1991, kodwa inqanawa yahlala emanzini esondele sevastopol. Nangona kunjalo, ngoNovemba, inqanawa yenqanawa iViktor Yarrygin Yarryn ye-leonid ivela kwi-leonid kravchuk, eyathi i-raine vyavna, eyathi i-raine ye-iUkraine kwaye kufuneka ihlale kumanzi ayo ahlukeneyo.
Umphathi-mkhosi uthathele ingqalelo ukuba i-Preferendum ithathelwe ukuba i-prondendetion ayikaqhutywa kwaye imfundo yombuso, njenge-Ukraine, ingekagqitywa, kwaye igqibe ekubeni yenziwe ngokungqinelana nemigqaliselo ye-USSR kwaye eya kufike kwi IGosa le-Admillic Joimo.
Ngobusuku bangoNovemba 30, "Kuznetssov" iSevastopol Raid Raid yaye yaya kuBossingo. Kwiintsuku ezingama-25, ekuthatheni iYurophu, i-aviance cruiser yafika eViyeevo.
Inxalenye yabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nenqwelomoya ngenqanawa yokuqubha bengashiyi, basele kwi-sevastopol. Abanye bala i-wigg eUkraine kwaye emva koko bafumaneka kwisiseko se-279th Russia yenyanga. Kwaye isifungo saseUkraine samkeleka kungekudala - ilizwe lalingenazo iinqanawa zokulwa.