Ukusuka kwimbonakalo esemhlabeni, indoda yayintsonkothileyo: kuba ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuxhathisa amandla endalo kwaye woyise umoya ongafikelelekiyo kunye nezinto zamanzi, ngenxa yokuba sibe sesichengeni kubameli behlabathi lezilwanyana. Iminyaka ihambile, izinto zangeniswa, ubulali bafihliwe ngokugula, kodwa umkhwa wokungqina into "ummelwane" wasala - kuba iTitanic kunye nenye i-B41 ivela ekukhanyeni.
Ngeli xesha, iya kuba ngowona mhlaba mkhulu emhlabeni: Iofisi yokuhlela ye-24cmi iya kuxela ngeempawu kunye neempawu ze-phengqane ezenziwe ngumntu kunye nelapho yenzelwe khona kwaye yakhiwe khona.
"Ishishini" kwaye zonke-zonke-zonke
Ukujongana noko kwenziwa yimfazwe ehlabathini, kunzima ngakumbi kunokuba kubonakala ngathi kukuqala. Ukugweba ngemida yelayini, emva koko ke i-USSPREARCHEAVCRAFT yenqwelomoya (CVN-65) luhlobo oluthile. Ukusuka kwimpumlo ukuya kumngxunya wenqanawa - 342 m, kwaye ububanzi bezinto ezigqithisileyo bufikelela kwi-78.5 m.
Oku khuthaza intlonipho yolo mbono nakwimifanekiso yakudala eyenziwe ngezandla zeTitanic yomntu, eyilelwe yi-WesternOuse ngo-1958 kwaye iyakwazi ukoyisa iimayile ezili-1,5, ikwavale imilizi yamandla enyukliya Isikhululo esinye segesi - i-stroke enjalo i-12-13 ubudala.
Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali isibini "kodwa":
- I-STERPRICOS kwisayizi enomtsalane sele iphantsi kumgca wenqwelo-mafutha "NImitz", nayo ikwayale i-USA, kodwa yaqalisa ukwenziwa kwe-158.5 amawaka) kunye nenombolo ye-CANW ( 4800 Abantu abachasene ne-5680), bangasathethi ke isityalo samandla aphelelwe lixesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
- Ekuphela kweprojekthi yeprojekthi ye-1958, eyayikhonzwa kwi-US Navy ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane yenkulungwane kwaye ikwazile ukungena kwi-American Fleet kwisimo semigangatho, esikhutshelwe ngoFebruwari ngoFebruwari ngo-2017, xa yayisele ilungele okuqhubekayo kwaye kwi-2020 yokugqibela yenqanaba lokuthatha umntwana ongamzalanga kwisithuba esifike emva kwexesha ngenxa yokungafihli "i-gerald R. ford" gerald (CVN-78 ).
Iphepha lokugqibela elichazwe i-100,000-gon-geniant linikezelwe kwinqaku - nangona lo mmeli wenqwelo moya yaseMelika inomsebenzi omncinci, lo mmeli wenqwelwana "ye-NIMITZ" inqwenele inqwelwana incinci, oku akuxhunyiwe ngokusilela koyilo , kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, kunye nenani elincinci leenguqulelo zobugcisa ezifunekayo koomatshini abaphumelele iinkonzo kunye neendlela.
Ewe, kunye ne-gerald "gerald R. I-Ford" inqanawa eqhubekileyo kwaye ihambelana neemfuno zeFleet New, kunye neenqanawa ezilandelayo zeli klasi, ezimbini eziqokelelwayo ziyi "ishishini" kuphela, Kodwa ne-wimitsa ".
Yayoyikisa ephepheni
Ukuqonda nabagqatswa kwitayitile yeyona ndawo inkulu emhlabeni nokukhetha ophumeleleyo, lixesha lokufunda ukufundwa kolwazi lolutsha: Iimpawu ezahlukileyo zenqanawa. Kodwa kufuneka iqalwe ngokudalwa.
Ukuxhasa ngemali inkqubo yokwakhiwa kweenkundla ezisekwe moya ukuya kutshintsho ngokungapheliyo kunye nokusondela kuphuhliso lwezixhobo kulungiso kunye nezithuthi zikaNimitz zaqala ukusukela ngo-2001.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, umxholo wokudala izixhobo eziphezulu zehlabathi ubonakalisiwe kwiprojekthi yomgca weenqanawa, ofumene igama lesi-3 sikaMongameli wase-US Gerald R. Ford, ekuqaleni kohlobo oluphuhlisiweyo I-CVN-21, okanye "inqwelo-moya yenqwelomoya yenkulungwane ye-XXI".
Kwinqanaba loyilo, kwacingelwa ukuba kuphumeze izisombululo zobugcisa zamva nje kule projekthi, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zetekhnoloji ye-teath kunye nophuhliso lokugqibela ekwakhiweni kwe-catproof, enokuba nefuthe elihle kwi-automation Iindlela, iinkqubo kunye neendawo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zancitshiswa kweendleko zokusebenza ngelixa zigcinwa kwaye zigcinwe nokukhulisa ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenzisa yasemkhosini.
Abadabi bomphathi wenqwelomoya baba ngabasebenzi beeNdawo zeSerport New Inkampani yaseMorton Grimman Inkampani: Nantsi indawo yonke, eyakhiwe kwaye yakhiwe ummeli wokuqala. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isivumelwano esisemthethweni sesixa semali eyi- $ 5.1 yezigidigidi kunye ne-Sleet sityikitywe ngo-2008, umsebenzi wokudalwa kwe-US Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) yaqala kwiSivumelwano sokuqala se $ 2.1 bhiliyoni
Icetyelwe ukugqiba ukwakhiwa kolwakhiwo 'lwe-Gerald R. Ford "Ngexesha lokuqukumbela ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwe" shishini elichazwe apha ngasentla, kodwa kwakungekho - "Indoda endala" ye-CVN-65 ibuye umva "Ngaphambili nangaphandle kokulinde" iSekela ". UGerald ngokwakhe wangena emanzini ngo-2013, kodwa iimvavanyo ezikhoyo kunye nokusebenza ngenxa yokufumana isiphoso soyilo iyaqhubeka de kube nguMeyi 31, 2017. Kwaye ke iingxaki azizange zitshabalale.
Inkcazo
Ukufuduka kweenqanawa zokuqala ze-CVN-78 ziitoni ezingama-98.5 zamawaka (kunye ne-nimitz yeenqwelomoya), kodwa kumlawuli wenqwelomoya wenqwelomoya, kodwa kule paramitha imele ukwanda ukuya kwi-112 yamawaka emilinganiselo yobunzima:- Olona xesha lobude obukhulu yi-337 m;
- Ububanzi bobubanzi - 78 m;
- Ukuphakama ukusuka e-Keel ukuya kwi-chototics - 76 m.
Isityalo samandla esi-2 senyukliya esiveliswe yinkampani "ye-botel" ene-Megawatts ezingama-700 ivumela inqanawa enkulu yasemkhosini emhlabeni ukuze iphuhlise ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeendawo ezingaphezulu kwe-57 km / h). Enkosi "kwi-injini" kwi-atomic piel, inkululeko yekhosi inomda kuphela ekugcinweni kwe-4660 kwiintsuku ezili-4660, kunye nenani leentsuku ezingama-30 zokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya .
Kwinqanawa yenqanawa kunokwenzeka ukuba ihlalise ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyunithi ezingama-90 zenqwelomoya: inqwelo moya (F-35, Frnet ", i-EA-2" i-E-2 "i-cyhaound" ), iihelikopta (MH- 60 "C Hoc") kunye nenqwelomoya engasebenziyo. Inani leentsuku zokuhamba ngosuku xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana esidlulileyo sanda nge-15% - ukusuka kwi-140 ukuya kwi-160 ukuya kwi-160 (kwindawo egqithisileyo ukuya kwi-220).
Kwakhona khwela inqwelo moya inqwelo-moya ithwala ubunzima be-radar kunye nemijukujelwa yenqwelomoya.
Iinyani ezinomdla
Ngokudalwa kweProjekthi yokuqala yenqwelomoya kwiProjekthi ye-CVN-78 kwaye iimvavanyo zayo zinxulunyaniswa nenani lezi zinyani ezinomdla. Yiloo nto ke kubo:
Nye. Inqwelomoya "ye-Gerald R. Ford" yaba yinqanawa yokuqala eUnited States, imodeli eyayidalwe ngokupheleleyo kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter yoyilo lwevolumot, ibonelela ngemodeli yezobuchwephesha yenkqubo yobugcisa.
2. Abaphengululi abatsha bahluke nge-25% yamandla amakhulu kunaleyo ifakwe kwinqwelo moya yesizukulwana esidlulileyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uthathe umhlala-phantsi-Khuphela "ukusuka kwisityalo" ngokwaneleyo kulo lonke iminyaka engama-50 yokuxhaphaza.
3. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-Crew ngokuzenzekelayo kokusebenza kweenkqubo zeenkqubo kunye neendlela zinciphise ulondolozo lweedola ezi-4 zeedola. Nangona kunjalo, "i-" inzuzo "itshisiwe ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lendalo. I-moya "entsha" i-Airtan Navy sele ineendleko, kunye nophando, uphando lwenzululwazi kunye novavanyo lwe- $ 17,5 yezigidigidi kwaye inqaku alinikezelwanga. Xa kuthelekiswa: "Nimitsy", ongummeli omtsha wezanga laseMelika kwiimpawu zayo ezigqitha kancinci, ihamba nge- $ 6 yezigidigidi.
4. Emva kokuzalwa kwamanzi ngo-2013 kuye kwavela ukuba iinkqubo eziphambili zisebenza ngendlela engenakuphikiswa. Ngaphandle kokunikezelwa ngokutsha kweprojekthi kunye nokuguqulwa emva kwenqanawa, akunakwenzeka ukuba ulungise iziphene "ezibanjiweyo". Ke, "ukuphathwa" kuthatha:
- Thatha idesika, owakhiweyo ngokuphulwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokuthatha kunye nokufika;
- I-elektromagnetic catult ephumeleleyo kuyo yonke i-400 ikhutshiwe kunye nengxaki ethenjisiweyo yamawaka amawaka amabini;
- Ukuphakama kwe-Ammunition;
- I-Aerofinisher, Ukusilela emva kwenqwelomoya endaweni ye-1.5 lamawaka, ethenjiswe ngabadali;
- Radar.
Ntlanu. Ixesha lokuyalela, lalicwangciselwe ekuqaleni, ladluliselwa rhoqo. Isiphene esilandelayo, "i-pop-up" kufakelo lwamandla ngexesha lovavanyo luka-2019, kwakhona lathumela inqanawa yokulungisa, eyacetyelwe ukugqiba ngo-Okthobha. Ngokolwazi lwakutshanje, ivele epheleleyo yeyunithi ye-comba yokulwa engakhiyo, de i-2022 ibonakala ngathi ithandabuza.