Biography
UJosip Broz Tito kubahlali bamaBalkan, njengoJoseph Stalin ukuba i-Russian, ngaba ipolitiki ehleliyo, ipolitiki elawula iminyaka yolawulo lwempumelelo kunye neziganeko ezimbi. Uninzi lwabahlali babehlonitshwa (kwaye baqhubeke nokuhlonipha) kwizigqibo ezinzima, obizwa ngokuba yiNtloko yeYugoslavia.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngegama elikhoyo lepolitiki- uJosip broz. Wazalwa nge-7 kaMeyi, ngo-1892 eKuravice, ilali yaseCroatia Zartone, eyayiyinxalenye ye-Austria - iHungary. UnguMntwana wesixhenxe okanye wesibhozo uSheno broza noMary Zavesca. Kunzima ukumisela owona myalelo uchanekileyo kuba abantwana abafileyo bazalwe kusapho.
UTito yi-puududonym obekwe kwezopolitiko phantsi kwamanqaku obuKomanisi. Ngokufanelekileyo, iTito ibizwa ngabo bonke abantu baseCroatia Zagrani. Njengoko ibali libonisa, i-dusemudem ithe qho kuba waba ligama eligcweleyo.
Isondele uJosip Broza wayelicala likaMama Sloveniki. Ngexesha lokufika kwesikolo, inkwenkwe ilunge ngakumbi ulwimi lweSlovenian, kodwa, ngaphandle kobuzwe obuxubeneyo, wayezigqala njengetyala likayise.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1900, uTito waya esikolweni se-korovtsz. Kwanakwigumbi eliqingqiweyo, ulwazi lwanikwa yena nzima. Oku kumiselwe: de kube ukusweleka kwezopolitiko kubhale ngeempazamo.
Emva kokukhutshwa ngo-1905 (kwibanga lesi-2 kuye kwafuneka ndifunde kabini) iTito isebenze kwifama yosapho. I-FAO Broz, ngubani owayefuna ikamva lonyana wakhe kwi-dapment engalunganga nengazinziyo, egciniwe imali yokufuduka eUnited States. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1907, uTito washiyela ngokwenene, kodwa kwisithili saseCroak Schola (i-97 km ukusuka kwi-Narovitsy), apho wakhonza khona umzala wakhe.
Umsebenzi kaTito ugcwele: wayekhonza ukutya kwiindawo zokutyela, ukuziphindezela kwiibhayisikile, emva koko wafunda isitshixo kunye nezodwa kwizityalo zemoto škoda and Benz. Le ndoda isesiya kwihlabathi liphela, yafunda iilwimi zaseJamani neCzech.
Imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala yafumana i-sergeant enkulu kwi-tio ye-austro-hungary. Wazibonakalisa ngobukrelekrele.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithandathu ku-Matshi, ngo-1915. Njengombanjwa lwemfazwe aluchithe esibhedlele phantsi kukaKazan, ilali yaseSviyazhsk, iinyanga ezili-13. Le ndoda yayikhathazwa ziintlaselo zePneormon neTyhis. Ngamaxesha okukhanya, uTito wafundisa isiRashiya kwaye waqhele iiklasikhi-ubuchule be-Ivan Turgenev kunye nengonyama i-telstoy. NguJuni ka-1917 wakwazi ukubaleka.
Ubomi Buqu
Eyona nto idumileyo ngumfazi wokugqibela uTito - i-Yovankanka, kodwa kubomi bomgaqo-nkqubo bekukho amanye amatshathi aphambili.I-Tito's yokuqala inyulwe yayinguPelagia denisovna alosusov. Intsomi yabazisa eOmsk: Intombazana efihla ibanjwa lemfazwe. Umtshato wenzeka ngoJanuwari 1920. Ke uTito wayeneminyaka engama-27 ubudala, kwaye i-maleasova - kuphela abantwana abahlanu bazalwa emtshatweni, kodwa kuphela abazalwa emtshatweni, kodwa kuphela onyana wasinda.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUTito noPelagenya baqhawule umtshato ngo-Epreli 1936, kuba ezopolitiko zathandana no-Ana Könning Anna Köning (ne-Elsa Lucia Bauer). Esi sibini sikwazi ukutshata - ngo-1937, le ntombazana yayityholwa nge-espionage kwaye yadutyulwa. Emva kwexesha, idatha yolwalamano lukaTito kunye nalo mfazi icinyiwe.
Ngo-1940, ipolitiki itshatileyo yeHerte. NgoMeyi 1941, babenonyana uAlexander. Ukuba semtshatweni, uTito ojijekileyo ngeDavaiangka Powanovich, ongu-1946 wasweleka esifo sephepha.
Yovanka broz - owona mbutho udumileyo tito. Batshata ngoAprili 1952. Umtshato wahlulwa zizikrelemnqa zasesidlangalaleni, ezopolitiko zezopolitiko zaze zatyhola inkosikazi yakhe kumalungiselelo enguqulo yombuso kunye nokuvutha kwengqondo yeYugoslavia. Batsho ukuba baqhawule umtshato ngokusesikweni ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba i-Tito's's's Lit. Kwakungekho bantwana jikelele.
Ukukhula kweTito-i-170 cm.
Ezopolitiko
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko kaJosip Broz Tito waqala ngo-1920 ekujonisweni kweqela lamaKomanisi baseYugoslavia. Kwiminyaka engama-33 waqwalaselwa "impindano." Phantse ivukelo evekini ibanjiwe, yonke imihla yayiza endlwini yokukhangela. UTito, esazi incwadi yomthetho, ngalo lonke ixesha, ephumile emanzini.
NgoNovemba 1928, eli tyala lalisele liye ejele: Tito lagwetywa iminyaka emi-5 kwimisebenzi yobuKomanisi engekho mthethweni. Ipolitiki ikhuphe inkululeko ngoMatshi 1934, isuka yexesha elizeleyo. Waba ngumntu ongafunekiyo ukuba ngoko nangoko wayishiya iYugoslavia. NgoJuni 1935, Tito okokuqala wadibana noJoseph Stalin.
Ngo-Agasti ka-1937, uTito wamisela uNobhala ongunobhala ngokubanzi weqela lamaKomanisi baseYugoslavia, kwaye ngoJanuwari 5, 1939 wamkelwa eofisini.
Amaxesha amakhulu afikile. Uninzi lwe-tito comrade, kunye namaqabane abokuqala kwaye kwixesha elizayo uPelagia noAnna babekrokrela i-Espionage, kwaye iJamani yaqinisekisa "i-Czechoslovaiki" yabelana "kwimimandla. UTito wacela i-Czechoslovav ukuzilwela. Amawakawaka amatsha-ntliziyo avela kwindlu yozakuzo yeCzechoslovakia eBelgrade ukuba ancede.
Imfazwe yesibini yehlabathi yayiza kubulala iiBalkan ukuba uTito akazange amise entlokweni yentshukumo yokuchasana. ISoviet Union yayincediwe ekulweni. IJamani, ivakala amandla, ebhengeza ukuzingela kwakhe ngenkokeli yeyona nkokeli, kodwa ayiphumelelanga. Emva kowe-1945, abantu ababebize iTito yeYugo yeYugo.
Ixesha lemfazwe lasemva kwemfazwe lifuna utshintsho, ngakumbi ngohlobo lweBhodi yeYugoslavia. Uninzi lwathethwa kwiRiphabhlikhi. Ngo-Matshi 7, ngo-1945, uTito wayekhethwe ngusihlalo worhulumente weyunithi entsha yendawo ye-federal yabantu baseYugoslavia.
Phantsi kweTiko Prime, umkhosi wabantu weYugoslav wadalwa-amandla omhlaba omhlaba, impindezelo enkulu yaqhutywa ngokuchasene nabo bahlukumelayo, icawe yayicinezelwa. Kodwa inani labekwanele ngokupheleleyo.
Omnye wabambalwa ababengayithandi indlela kaTito yayinguJoseph Stalin. Batsho ukuba ulungiselele iinzame ezininzi zokubulala inkulumbuso, kodwa akukho namnye onamafutha empumelelo. I-Tito iphendule kwisoyikiso kwiStalin:
"Yekani ukuthumela abantu ukuba bandibulale. Sele sibambe i-5-enye enebhombu, enye enemipu. Ukuba aniyeki ukuthumela ababulali, ndonithumela enye eya eMoscow. Andiyi kufuneka ndithumele okwesibini. "Ubuhlobo phakathi kweeBalkan kunye ne-USSR iphindaphindeka nikita khrushchevchev. Ngo-1955, weza eTito, osele wayesele enguMongameli waseYugoslavia, wacela uxolo ngezenzo ezinentiyo zeStalin.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNjengoMongameli, uTito wamisela umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. I-Souvenirs enobuhlobo kwiiNtloko zeNkokeli zeNkokeli yeLizwe yeNkokeli yeLizwe ngoku yenza ukuba iMyuziyam yeYugoslavia eBelgrade. UTito wayengabahlobo neWinston Churchill, uRichard Nixon, Leonid Brezhnev. Bathi, ekwenyukeni ngokwesiko, iTito.
Ngo-1971, inani labantu baseYugoslavia ngeloxesha lesithandathu bakhetha uTito kunye nomlawuli wakhe, ngo-1974 wenza utshintsho kuMgaqo-siseko, ebhengeza nomongameli. Kwangelo xesha linye, inkokeli ye-balkan ekugqibeleni yakhula kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle.
Ukufa
Impilo yaqala ukuzisa iTiko ngo-1979. Eyona nto ibisa igazi kwimilenze. Imeko iye yaba yingozi kangangokuba oogqirha bagqibe kwelokuba bangenise imilenze yasekhohlo. Umongameli uYugoslavia akazange avume, azinikele ekufeni ngenxa yosulelo lwe-gangomanous. Xa oonyana babambekile uTito malunga nokusebenza, yafika emva kwexesha.
UJosip Broz Tito wasweleka nge-4 kaMeyi, 1980, kwiintsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi kweSikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-88. Unobangela wokufa yi-gangne. Inani lerekhodi labapolitiki beza kumngcwabo wakhe, kubandakanya i-4 kumkani, wama-1 Mongameli, ama-6, abalungiseleli abangama-22 kunye nabaphathiswa bamanye amazwe abangama-47.
Kwindlu yeentyatyambo eBelgrade, apho umzimba kaTito uphumle phantsi kwe-slab slab, iholo uphela inikelwa lusuku olunentlungu. Iindonga zihombisa ifoto yePanomic yabathathi-nxaxheba kwi-proxIon yomngcwabo.
I-biography ye-tito yayisebenza njengesiseko samagcisa amaninzi kunye namaxwebhu. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo yezulu yeYugoslavia, enomdla kwinzondelelo, ingxelo yedrama "teto no-1992 (1992).