Biography
I-Theofrast yayisisithandi-sobulumko kunye nenzululwazi, indalo kunye nomculo wethiyori obeke iziseko ze-nerds zanamhlanje kwinani lomsebenzi obalaseleyo. Umlandeli kaPlato no-Aristotle wathathwa njengoSithethi ozelwe, owayesenza isikolo sezilwanyana, esasongela iingqondo ezininzi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ulwazi malunga ne-biofora yokuqala ye-Theofora yafika kwinzala yemizamo yabantu abadala kwaye yathatyathwa kumanqaku e-Diogerksky enikezelwe kwizenzo zabantu abakhulu. Kumsebenzi obomi, iimfundiso kunye namazwi entanda-bulumko yamandulo, umbhali-mbali wangasemva uxela ulwazi malunga neziganeko zeentsuku ezidlulileyo.
Ngokoluvo lwayo, i-theofa awazalwa malunga ne-371 ukuya ku-N. NS. Kwilali yase-Ereso, kwindawo eseMantla Aegean Islands. Ekuqaleni, ubuhlanga beGrisi zabizwa ngokuba yi-tirtam, unyana kaMelante, kodwa emva koko wanikwa igama lesidlaliso, ephepheni, ekhuselwe kwiinkulungwane.
Intsapho eyachukumisayo, ekucacileyo, yayihlala echuma, kuba unyana wathunyelwa eAthene kwisikolo samadoda aseklasini. Ngoncedo lukaPlato, iikowuti eziqhekezayo zahlala zivela kwimisebenzi yakhe, lo mfana, zinikwe ubuchule, inyukele kwitrone yomfundi.
Xa uMcebisi ohlonelwayo wasweleka, i-Theophrata yafudukela eklasini ye-Aristotle, owayesakuba ngumfundisi waseAlexander Maecedky kunye neNkosi yeSayensi yeNdalo nezeZibulo. Ukususela ngoko, i-iniver ye-Eresios ayizange ihambelane noMsunguli weLicemy Lycem kwaye kufutshane nezindlu zakhe ezithobekileyo zenza izifundo kwaye zalala.
Abaphandi babekholelwa ukuba unyana kaMelante wajoyina utitshala ekuthinjweni ngenxa yokungqubana ne-charran hermia, ekuyeleni kuka-Atarnei kunye no-Atarnes. Kodwa emva koko umlawuli wavuma ukugcina isithandi-sobulumko kwisiqithi saseLesbos, emhlabeni, apho i-goaphsosi awazalwa khona kwaye yaqala ukukhuselwa kuqala.
Uhlobo lwe-aripelago yamandulo yamaGrike enegalelo ekuhlaleni kwesayensi yendalo, ngenxa yoko uAristotle ebukele, kwaye umfundi wakhe usemva kokubhabha kweentyatyambo. Emva koko, ngolwazi olungafunekiyo, abantu bafudukela eMakedoni bafika kwinkundla kakumkani Filippi:.
Ubomi Buqu
Ulwazi alugcinwanga ngobomi bakho bobuqu, kodwa yaziwa ukuba usebenze njengomfundisi, emva koko wamkhokelela kwi-Atheenian Lyceum. Xa emva kokufa kuka-Alexander I-Aristotle yaseMakedoni yayiphume kwikomkhulu lamaGrike, umfundi wakhe kunye nomfundi ochithwayo waba ngumgcini wabantwana abaziinkedama.Ukusondela kwintloko yesikolo esenzakalisayo kwaba kumfana owayenikele kuye uTata owayenikele kwincwadi ethi "E-Itika", engaphili ngayo namhlanje. Kwakhona, umntu ongamashumi e-Eressios wazuzwa lithala lencwadi katitshala, kwaye, ngokweengxelo ezithile, iAristochene Tartan yayinomsindo kule nyaniso.
Isayensi kunye nefilosofi
Ngokutsho kweDiogen Lanertsk, i-Theofa awayibhale ngaphezulu kweMisebenzi engama-200, kodwa uninzi lwamandla lwalahleka, kwaye umxholo wawungafikeleli kwiintsuku zanamhlanje. Kukho uluvo lokuba kwiincwadi ezizihloko zentanda-bulumko Umbhali waphuhlisa iimfundiso ze-Aristotle, ke ngoko yayijongwa njengemviwo kunye nomxhasi weemfuno zemfundo.
Inzululwazi yamandulo yamaGrike yabandakanyeka kwimbali kwaye uphando kwicandelo leZoology, kwaye labhala imisebenzi kwimozulu yoRhulumente kunye neengxaki zenkolo. I-PROSTERODSE ukusuka emsebenzini kwi-metaphysics, iMathematics kunye nethiyori yomculo, apho uluhlu olubanzi lwqwalaselwa.
I-Theofasta yayixatyisiwe ukuba negalelo kwi-biology, kuba kwi-bibliografi ebanzi yehlabathi yelizwe lendalo kunye nezityalo, amaGrike achithe imiqulu. Wabizwa ngokuba nguyise kaBotany ngeSwede Carl Linneiem, umbhali wodidi oluqhelekileyo lwe-iyunifomu kunye nomnini weepremiyamu kunye nee-odolo.
Kwimisebenzi ye-Ausia noDe Causis Plastarum, umfundi waseAristotle wachaza i-phyogy kunye nenkqubo yezihlahla, emithini kunye nemibala. Ngokufowunela ngaphezu kweentlobo ezingama-500 zabahlali eziGreen zePlanethi, indalo yadala imfundiso yevumba nemisebenzi yeziqhamo kunye neziqhamo.
Kwindlela yokuziphatha "yevolunti" imbali "eguqulelwe kwisiLatin kwinkulungwane ye-XV, i-goafda ayizange ifundwe ngokwakho ngokusekelwe kubomi bobomi kunye neepropathi eziluncedo. Wabela izityalo zezolimo kunye namayeza afunekayo asendle, ezazisetyenziswa kumayeza kwaye wancedwa kwinani leengxaki.
Ukufunyanwa kwabelwa ulwabiwo kwizinto zenxalenye yenxalenye yangaphandle neyangaphakathi kunye nokwaziswa kweefestile ezinjengeentsinga, ii-cores, eziphambili kunye nejusi kwi-botany. Kwakhona, intengiso kunye nethiyori edweliswe uhlobo lokuhombisa, ebabiza ngokuba ziintyatyambo zegadi, apho i-Wresh inokuthi ifakwe khona.
Imfanelo ye-theofora phambi kwesayensi yale mihla yayithathwa njengezifundo ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo, kwaye ngokukodwa-ifuthe lezinto zangaphandle kwi-flora ezahlukeneyo. Ukufuma kunye nembalela, ubushushu kunye nokubanda, iimpawu zomhlaba kunye nenzululwazi yemozulu esetyenziswe kwizifundo njengesikhokelo sokuchaza.
I-botany, eyaqhubeka nemeko yesayensi yamandulo yamaGrike, yaphawula ukuba imiba ephantsi kwenziwe yaziwa ukuba yaqwalaselwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ke ngoko, ukusukela ngokutsha, ubuntu kunye nomsebenzi we-theofora wayenomdla kuye wonke umntu owayefuna ukwandisa ezo moya.
Umsebenzi odumileyo wesoyile yamandulo waba yiminyango "abalinganiswa ngokuziphatha", apho wachaza iintlobo zezinto eziqhelekileyo zentanda-bulumko. Babesiya kuthi kwinqanaba elithile babe nempembelelo yokuphuhliswa kweMihlali yakudala yamaGrike, eyathathwa njengemfuno ngohlobo lwabantu abanolwazi olukrelekrele.
IiSayensi ezifana ne-Logic kwaye i-rhetotoritoric yayingagxininisi bubugcisa. Wahlulahlula izinto zokuthetha ngamagama asisiseko aphantsi. Umsebenzi ubonakalise inkcazo yamabinzana athe ngqo nakwenziwe nge-mefaprorical ebiyinxalenye yendalo yoluntu.
IsiGrike, silandela iAristotle, idityaniswe ngokweenkcukacha iintlobo zezigqibo, ukuphikisana, izityholo kunye neSyligisms kwimisebenzi yoncwadi. Wabeka phambili i-hypothesis malunga nobukho beziphakamiso ezingqungqweni, ezaziphuhliswa zizithandi-zobulumko ngexesha le-100s kunye ne-200s.
Ukufa
Kwithuba lesiKhuluhli-ntsapho, okanye inkokeli yesikolo, eyona theoron yayihlala kumashumi eminyaka kwaye yaphakamisa uDemetrius of Falersky, iMandandra kunye nenani labantu abaziwayo. I-Tsar Cassandr, eyalandelela i-Alexander enkulu yaseMakedoni, ithande ifilosofi kunye nesayensi kwaye ixhasa uninzi lwemibono yakhe.Kwiminyaka engama-85, umfundi kaPlato no-Aristotle khange babakho, kodwa malunga neemeko kunye nonobangela wokufa, akukho namnye wabaphathi beebhayiloji. Umngcwabo waseAthene wayengumphumo ngeqela le-comssal sabantu, kuba umntu owenzakeleyo wamaGrike odumileyo wayethanda wonke umntu kwaye wayehlonitshwa.
I-Liyceum kunye nendlu enegadi enobuchule inikelwe kwiLamppak, eyathatyathwa ekudalweni kwethala leencwadi kunye nemyuziyayo kwaye ke, ndandisazi. Ngokutsho kukaDiogene, amaLanertsk, oyena mntu uphakamileyo ngaphambi kokusweleka kwebinzana, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "sifele xa siqala ukuphila."
I-Bibliography
- "Ukutyala Imbali"
- "Unobangela Wezityalo"
- "Abalinganiswa bokuziphatha"
- "Malunga ngamatye"
- "Ngomphefumlo"
- "Ngomculo"
- "Kwimigaqo yokuqala"