Biography
I-Maurice Meterlink yayingumbhali waseBelgian yeziqwenga, izincoko zefilosofical kunye neememo, ezifumene i-Nobel Partweni. Ukongeza, umntu onetalente wanikwa i-oda yomkhosi wozuko njengophawu lokuhlonela nemisebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wokubhala.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Inkwenkwe, igama elipheleleyo lalivakala njenge-maurice Polydor Marie Bernard, lazalelwa kwintsapho enesityebi ngo-1862. Indlu yosapho embindini ye-GRSE iquka umoya weholide kanaphakade, kuba abantu ababehlala apho abaqhelene nokungasebenzi.
Umama Matilda, eFrançohoo College, yayiyindlalifa yelizwe eliqinileyo, kwaye uTata Pulty wasebenza njengophawu lweNkundla yaseBelgian yeBelgian. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, le ndoda yayikuthanda ukulima kunye nezolimo, ke iintyatyambo kunye nezihlahla zakhula kwiindawo zosapho.
Ukufumana imfundo yamabanga aphantsi ekondla ephambili, uMaurice wangena kwisikolo sikaJesuit, apho bawavala khona iincwadi zothando ezibhalwe ngesiFrentshi. Abantwana banyanzelwa ukuba bafundise iikowuteshini ezivela eBhayibhileni kunye nemibongo malunga nezibonelelo zasezulwini, bekhawulezisa ulwazi ngoncedo lwesohlwayo kunye nezimvo kwidayari.
Ngenxa yoku, ebuntwaneni, i-meterllink yajika yabafundisi kunye neCawa yamaKatolika kunokuphazamiseka kuyibambile notata nobukhulu. Waqamba iinoveli zehlabathi kunye nemisebenzi emifutshane yemibongo, ethi icebiso labantwana eklasini sele lithathe isigqibo sokubhala phantsi.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, yaba ngumkhwa, kwaye umntwana okwishumi elivisayo wangena ebuchule, ephazamisekile kwimo yengqondo yengqondo kunye nezihloko zemfundo ezingathandekiyo. Kodwa lakufika ixesha lokuthatha iimviwo, uMaurice wangena ngesandla kwaye wafumana iDiploma yemfundo, ngaphandle kokufumana iingxaki.
Ebutsheni be-1880s, utata wakhe wamchonga unyana kwiDyunivesithi yaseGheng, kwaye iJunior Holl-Silimes kuye kwafuneka kufundwe imbali nomthetho. Ekupheleni kweZiko eliPhezulu, i-Millink ayizange ibe ligqwetha lezobuchule, kwaye ndiye eParis ukuze siqhelane nolu phawu kwaye sisebenze ngokubhala ubugcisa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukugweba ngeefoto ezigciniweyo, i-millink yayingumfana onomtsalane, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqala, kwasekuqaleni, kwakungakwazi ukumisela ubomi bomntu. Kuminyaka njengama-33 kuphela ubudala, wanika iintliziyo zeMpumelelo Yeselula, eyathi yaqaphela ukunamathela kwaye incumile yindoda ngenxa ye-Kulis.Ngo-1895, uMaurice wahlanganisana ngoMoya waza wamisela umhla wokuqala nge-bualgette leblan. Intombazana eyahlukileyo yentombazana ethandwayo yokupeyinta kunye nomculo, kunye nombhali waseBelgian waqonda ngoko ukuba wangena kumgibe wothando.
Umgwebi wendima kwiholo yemithi yendoda ilungele ukutshata ngokusemthethweni, kodwa iqabane lakhe kunye neCawa yamaKatolika azivumelanga imvume yoqhawulo mtshato. Kwakufuneka ndihlale kumtshato waseburhulumenteni, ekuqaleni koluntu olugwetyiweyo, kwaye emva koko uMadame Metelink ukhulule ukothusa abantu abantetho.
Umdlali waba yimyuziyam yeMoris, umhleli wakhe kunye nomhlobo wokwenene, wanceda ukuxoxa ngezindlu zokupapasha malunga nokupapashwa aze athengise umdlalo. Kodwa izihloko zentanda-bulumko azizange zidume ngexesha le-heyday yokuthandana, kwaye ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na imirhumo ebangele uxinzelelo lwentsapho.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgokuhamba kwexesha, uGeorgette udiniwe yimiqobo yemali kwaye, eqala ukuhlawula iindleko, enyanzele iqabane ukuba lihlule uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Eli bhinqa lafumana ukunxiba kunye nezinto ezixabisa kakhulu, kwaye indoda epokothweni yakhe yayihlala inemali encinci.
Ngenxa yoku, kulwalamano lwe-1910ting yombhali kunye nomdlali weqonga, ngethamsanqa, ngalo mzuzu uRena Daon wavela kubomi be-meterlink. Le ntombazana idlalileyo kumdlalo weBelgian, kwaye, ukuba inyanzelise ingqalelo, yayikrazule kakhulu.
Ulwalamano olungakumbi luye lwaphucuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kungekudala umbhali watshata nentombazana eyayinomlinganiswa olungileyo kwaye yaxhasa umyeni wakhe kuyo yonke into. Xa uMaurice wanyanzelwa ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba ihambe iYurophu, iRené ngaphandle kokuzisola okuncinci kuqhekezwe nge-craft.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, enzonzobileni yomphefumlo, isibini siphupha abantwana, kodwa ekugqibeleni babenonyana ofileyo. Eli bhinqa liqhubeka lasusa ilahleko, kwaye indoda eneminyaka engama-73 ubudala ayinakuphuma kubunzulu obumnyama kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.
Iincwadi
Ngo-1888, uMetellink wapapasha incwadi ethi "I-Orengelene", apho kuqokelelwa imibongo, ebhalwe ngexesha lomfundi. Kwabakho umdlalo "wePrincess Malen", wathunyelwa ngu-Octan Mirabo yovavanyo, kwaye wancoma i-Playficley kwaye igxeka inika impendulo entle.
Ngo-1890, uMaurice waqamba inani lemisebenzi, elilowo longelwe kwisitali esikhethekileyo samzukisa kwisangqa soncwadi. "Ukungaboni" kunye "ne-perllas kunye neMelmoninda", isimboli ehlatywa ngumoya weklasikhi, sixelele malunga nokuba abantu abangakhathaliyo babhaptizwe ngaphandle kothando.
Iingcamango ezifanayo, iBelgian ichazwe kwinani lezibubunzululelo, ezona zithandwa kakhulu zaba "yingqondo yeentyatyambo" kunye "nobomi beenyosi". Imixholo yentanda-bulumko kunye nemifanekiso emihle ngokudityaniswa kunye ne-classic ichukumise kwaye yenzakalisa wonke umntu ozifundileyo ngelo xesha.
Abagxeki, bakhumbula ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nokuthinjwa, kwathiwa umbhali ukuthungwa yinto ethe cwaka, kuba iincwadi zakhe zakhiwa ngokudumisa namabinzana aphantsi. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wothando kunye nokufa, kunye nabalinganiswa abalinganiswa benza i-uqobo nelinye ibali elishicilelweyo.
I-vertestal yedayiwo yoLwazi yeBelgian yayiyinto "yentaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", ibhaliwe kwaye ibonelelwe kwiholo yeqonga ngo-1908. Umdlalo wokudlala wabonisa ukuba ulonwabo lunomntu okufuphi, kodwa uninzi aluboni.
Ingcinga efanayo ivele emsebenzini 'wokuzibandakanya ", owenziwe phantsi kwempembelelo yomfazi waseburhulumenteni uGeorgettes Leblan. Lo mfazi wabeka isandla kwi "Griya Gadalene" kwaye "uMaria Victoria", efuna umbhali wakha wabhala umbhali ngokusisiseko sabo.
Meilink, othanda iifom ezincinci, akazange atshintshe kwisincoko esikhulu kwaye, ngaphandle kwale, wafumana i-Nobel Pair ngo-1911. Kwintetho eqingqiweyo, ukufezekiswa komdlalo wokudlala kunye nesithandi-sobulumko saphawulwa, kunye nengcamango yakhe yehobe kunye nothando lokubhala umsebenzi.
Ukuqatshelwa kwengqondo ye-Maurice ukuya kwi-intanethi ekhethiweyo, kwaye wazalisa i-bibliography kufutshane nemidlalo emitsha. Kwiminyaka yokuzabalaza abaxhobileyo, iBelgian ingena umoya wexesha, kunye nomzekeliso womkhosi "umzekeliso wesinyithi" wabangela umdla.
Ebudeni, i-metaerlink yemka kwiDrama, ijonge kwimibongo kunye nobuntatheli, kwaye idale iinkumbulo "iinkumbulo ezimnandi" (okanye "iiblue eziluhlaza"). Wayethetha ngomsebenzi wakhe kunye neWahldland Yakhe, ukubeka abafundi kunye nabagxeki kwindawo yejaji engakhethi buso.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, i-menze yakha indawo yokuhlala eChico, kodwa ayikwazanga ukonwaba ngenxa yeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Umnini webhaso likaNobel wasabalwa kumabali amaFasi ukuya eUnited States kwaye wayelapho de kwangowe-1947 kuluntu lwabahlobo kunye nenkosikazi yakhe.Xa le meko yaziswa ukuze ibuyele eFrance, uMaurice ayizange icinge nje imzuzu, kuba wayefuna ukuphucula impilo kwilizwe elinobuhlobo. Kodwa, kwikhaya lakhe, waziva ekhwaza kwaye wayeka ukubhala imibongo, imidlalo kunye nezincoko zentanda-bulumko.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1949, impilo yombhali yadaya, kwaye wayengasakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle koncedo lomfazi wakhe kunye noogqirha abaziingcali. Ukufa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kusasa ngentsimbi yesi-6 kusenokwenzeka ukuba yabahlobo, izihlobo kunye namakhulu amakhulu abantu.
I-Bibliography
- I-1889 - "ii-orenji"
- Ngo-1896 - "Iingoma ezilishumi elinambini"
- 1890 - "eyimfama"
- Ngo-1894 - "Phantsi"
- Ngo-1901 - "Iinyosi zobomi"
- Ngo-1903 - "Ummangaliso weSt. Anthony"
- Ngo-1907 - "Ingqondo Yeentyatyambo"
- I-1908 - "intaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"
- Ngo-1913 - "Ukufa"
- Ngo-1916 - "Imfazwe Yayincinci"
- Ngo-1919 - I-Burgomaster Stilmond
- Ngo-1926 - "Ubomi Bemikhulu"
- Ngo-1929 - "Juda Scariyot"
- Ngo-1936 - "isithunzi samaphiko"
- Ngo-1942 - "elinye ihlabathi, okanye sundial"
- Ngo-1948 - "iiblue eziluhlaza" ("iinkumbulo ezimnandi")