Biography
Ipolitiki yaseSalvador Allende yayikhethwe nguMongameli weRiphabhlikhi yaseChile kunye nelungu lokuqala letheko lontlalontle, okwazile ukuthabatha ngokusemthethweni le post. Wahambelana nedemokhrasi yawo onke amabakala obomi kwaye ahlalu kwintsimi ye-Economics, kodwa i-Coup yomkhosi kuthintelwe kukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kweeprojekthi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
USalvador Guillermo Allenderme Getnesse wazalwa ngehlobo lowe-1908 kwiSixeko saseChilean seValpariso, apho kuhlala khona usapho lwakhe. Ooyihlo babesaziwa eluntwini njengoko ii-Aristocrats kunye neenkululeko, abahlobo kwezopolitiko babeya endlwini.
IZiko leencoko yayinguTatomkhulu - ugqirha, i-mason kunye noMhlaziyi, owalungelelanisa enye yezikolo zesekondari zokuqala ezise-Afrika. Wayefuna abantwana bendawo bakhule, bafundela izinto zeklasi, besenza ubuchule kwaye badlale ibhola.
Abazali abafundileyo baxhase ngokupheleleyo imibono yoMzekelo weentsapho eziPhezulu, kunye neSalvador esemncinci bangena kwiLiceum eqhubekayo. Ukuba lilungu leqela leembaleki, inkwenkwe ilawula kuzo zonke izifundo, kwaye ingqondo yakhe kunye nedatha yomzimba yayingabafundisi abanekratshi.
Owona mbhalo we-allend ebutshekileyo wathathwa njengento yokuthambisa i-Aschists, eveza ekuhleni i-shovel ye-rovel yendawo. Iingxelo malunga nesihloko sezopolitiko esimele ukuba umfana omele iingxabano zibeka ngoontanga kunye nezalamane ezikrelekrele kwisiphelo esifileyo.
Ngethamsanqa, ngexesha lokukhululwa kwiLiyceum Salvador ngentloko yakhe ingeniswe kwisayensi kwaye idlulisele ngokulula iimviwo kwiYunivesithi yaseChilean. Uye wanyula iyeza njengelikhethekileyo nombulelo kunjingalwazi waseJamani onamava phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1932 ephumelele ngembeko kwi-faculty yonyulo.
Emva koko, ukucinga ngomsebenzi wexesha elizayo, lo mntu wakhusela i-dissertation yesayensi, apho iyeza laqwalaselwa kwisitshixo sezihloko zentlalo ezivuthayo. Ngeli xesha, waba yinkokeli yomfundi wezopolitiko, wabanjwa ngomboniso, kodwa wakwazi ukuphepha iingxaki.
Ukusweleka kukayise okwethutyana kutshintsha izimvo kunye nebhayiloji ye-Allende, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba aphosa imibutho eyingozi kwaye abe ngugqirha oqhelekileyo. Ukuqala umsebenzi we-pathologist kwiSibhedlele i-Walparo, wakuphepha ubomi besidla, nto leyo kwi-30s of tota isitshixo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwiqela, ukungakhathali kwiziganeko ezenzeka eChile, iSalvador yabuyela kwezopolitiko yaza yazala kwakhona ubomi obusebenzayo. Wajoyina i-Masonry kwaye wathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwetheko lontlalontle, isiseko saso yayikukushumayela iMarxism.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukugweba ngeefoto, i-Salvador Allenda ihluthiwe ukukhula komgangatho kunye nenkangeleko emnandi. Phakathi kweminyaka eli-1940, walungiselela ubomi obuqu. I-Boussi esemthethweni ye-Orussi, eyazala abantwana abathathu kwezopolitiko, yayingumhombisi owenza umnqweno kwaye wuphi.Ezopolitiko
Ngo-1936, uAllende wajoyina umanyano lonyulo, eChile wabizwa ngegama elithi "abantu bangaphambili". Waba yinkokeli kunye noMongameli weSebe kwidolophu yakhe kwaye wayenethemba lokuba igumbi elitsha lomsebenzi liza kuvula kungekudala.
Ke kwenzekile kunyulo lwendalo iphela kwigumbi lePalamente kaZwelonke, apho uninzi lwabantu abalingeneyo benza ukuba baphume kwezentlalo. Kwaye ke kukho iphulo elinikezelwe ekufikeni kwesahluko esitsha esisemthethweni sikaMbuso, apho ubuqhetseba bezopolitiko abancinci bahambisa inani leembono ezinenkqubela.
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaPedro Agirre SeddDe Salvador yayingumphathiswa wezempilo kwaye waphumelela ukwehla kokusweleka kwezifo ngokucwangcisa unyango. Iingxelo zayo ngeenkonzo zamazinyo kunye nokudibanisa usulelo lwe-venereal lwabangela iimpendulo ze-felk kwaye zavusa inzala.
Ngo-1943, u-Allende waba ngusenator kumaphondo aliqela, kunye nonobhala ngokubanzi beqela, ngelo xesha "umntu ngaphambili" wayesele. Uthathe inxaxheba kunyulo, echasa kumaKomanisi, kwaye enkosi kwigalelo lezopolitiko, waphumelela uninzi lwevoti.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1940, ngenxa yokumanyano kwaBantu oNtlalontle nge-radicals, abezopolitiko bashiya uluhlu lwabaxhasi bangaphambili kwaye baqokelela abantu abatsha. Uye wasondela kwiintshukumo zasekhohlo, wadala inyathelo "le-Folk" kunye nemikhosi entsha yangena kulwandle lweenkanuko zePalamente.
Ukususela ngo-1952, u-Allenda walwa isihlalo sikaMongameli, kodwa izihlandlo ezithathu elahlekileyo kwabanye abatyunjiweyo kwaye ekugqibeleni wakhwela i-Senethi. Wadibana novukelo lweGewaruticar kunye nenkokeli yeVenezuela Betanto Betankalo Romatarkur, kwaye waya kwintlanganiso yombutho wama-Afrika.
Ngo-1970 unyulo, iSalvador ekugqibeleni yancuma ngethamsanqa, kwaye uloyiso lwakhe lwalungumzekelo wokusekwa kwedemokhrasi ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo ngendlela yoxolo. Inkokeli intsha ithembisa abantu, ezaziza kulawula ngokufanelekileyo, zithathele ingqalelo uluvo lwesithathu kunye nokungathandabuzeki eluthandweni.
Izenzo zokuqala ze-allende ezichaphazelekayo umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi woRhulumente kwaye zazijolise kwinguqu yentlalontle emva komzekelo we-USSR. Ukuzama ukubuyisela uqoqosho lwe-falnial, ipolitiki icwangcise ukuhambisa amaxabiso, kunye nokunyusa umvuzo kwaye ibambe utshintsho kwiindawo ezininzi.
Umbutho wezizwe ngezizwe akazange awavume amanyathelo oMongameli oMtsha waseChile, kwaye akhangele inkxaso kunye nokuqonda kwakufuneka abhenele koogxa bakhe kwi-moscow. Ukwanxibelelana noFidelil Castro, inkokeli yotshintsho lweCuba, kwaye yenza konke okusemandleni ukuze kwenzeke ilizwe lakhe.
Ngelishwa, iinguqu ezikhokelela kwiziphumo ezingaphelelanga kwicandelo lezomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle, kwaye urhulumente waseMelika waseRichard Nixon wabhengeza i-African Boycott State. Ngapha koko, ichukumisi yezoqoqosho ifikile, eyabangela ukuba kuphume kwintengiso emnyama, kwaye yakhutshwa ngaphandle kwabaqhankqalazi abavela ezitratweni.
Imiboniso yobuninzi yabasebenzi bamanqanaba aphambili aqala, kwaye u-Allende wanyanzelwa ukuba achithe abaphathiswa kwaye ajike kuncedo lomkhosi oxhobileyo. Iintsika zomkhosi zifumene izithuba kwindawo entsha esekwe, kwaye le ndlela yayimisa amaqhinga.
Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1973, eli lizwe lahlulwahlulwa laba ziinkampu ezi-2, ezibandakanya abaxhasi bakaMongameli kunye nabachasi botshintsho. Okokugqibela ngenkxaso esebenzayo kaRhulumente wase-United States yaseMelika wayelungiselela ukubamba amandla ngokungekho semthethweni.
Uluhlu lwabo bangonelisekanga phantsi kobunkokheli bePrieter Jayeli Vapter Augusto Auinochet abavumeli ireferendi engakhange ihlawulwe, ikwazi ukukhusela amandla. Emva kokuhlelwa ngephenyane ngo-Agasti ka-1973, inkqubo yontlalontle yayimiselwe ukuba iwele.
Ukufa
NgoSeptemba 11, 1973, abasemagunyeni babetshintsha eChile, kwaye ngenxa yoko, uMlawuli ozinzileyo oba ngumlawuli ojijekileyo i-Augusto pinochet. I-Salvador Alende Fitly Lilly Coup, kodwa oonobangela bokwenene kunye neemeko zokufa zisaziwa.Ngokutsho kwenye yeenguqulelo, uMongameli wadutyulwa ngumntu kubaxhasi karhulumente omtsha, kwelinye, exhaphakile, wanciphisa amanqaku ngesandla sakhe. Enye indlela okanye enye, isidumbu sangcwatywa ngaphandle kwamangcwaba, kwaye ixesha elide ingcwaba elinesithukuthezi alizange lithweswe umnqamlezo okanye islab.
Ngo-1990, emva kokukhululwa kweefilimu ngobomi buka-Allende, intloko yeChile Patricin yanika amatyala aphambi kwexesha. Wayalela umsitho, inkokeli yezopolitiko enesidima, apho amagosa enkosana, amalungu osapho kunye nearhente yomkhosi bekukho.
Imemori
- I-Salvador Avenue Avenue eHavana (Cuba)
- I-Salvador Allenda Street eMoscow (iRussia)
- Salvador Allenda Street in Havre (France)
- Izitampu zeposi ze-USSR, GDR, Bulgaria, Cuba, iHungary