Biography
I-MIRENCE, ethi igama laMandulo leGrisi yayithetha ngobuqaqawuli, 'yayingumntu obalaseleyo, isithethi kunye nenkokeli yeereyithi ze-Atheni. Indoda yaziwa njengoyena msunguli wedemokhrasi yakudala, kunye nendoda eyakha iAcrodos, itempile ye-Hermes, iPormlera neParfen.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-surile ithathelwa ingqalelo ngunyana we-xantappa, owazalwa malunga ne-494 BC. NS. Kusapho, apho abameli bendawo yokuzala komntwana babemanyene ngaphambili. Umgca wamadoda wathatha isiqalo kwisithuba esihlonelwayo seBuzigov, kwaye ibhinqa laqhagamshelwa nge-alkvoonides, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thys ezininzi ezincinci.
Utata womphathi wesithethi esidumileyo waba ngumntu wasemkhosini kunye nezobupolitika, owayesenza amaqela aseAtheni, kwakudala ebandakanyeka kwimfazwe yeTrojan. Umama, owayenguAgarist, wakhulisa abantwana basePemicla no-Ariteront, kunye nentombazana, egcwele nabantakwethu bukuma.
Ukususela kwisizukulwana esivela kwisizukulwana sookhokho bomlawuli wexesha elizayo bengomnye we-aristoscy yamandulo yamaGrike, abazange bahlale bengakhathali kokuseta okuninzi kweenkulungwane zakudala. Ngelo xesha, isoyikiso sasePersi eAthene saqinisekiswa ngamaqela e-Flun saziwa ngamaqela e-Flumi, onomdla wokuthinjwa kunye nentshabalalo yeentsapho ezizinikeleyo kunye neentsapho ezigunyazisiweyo.
Utata nomalume wenzala ye-alkmeonid bafakwa kwinkqubo ye-Ostarakism kwaye, befumene ukudelela uluntu, waya kubhekisa kwiminyaka eli-10. Ezi ziganeko zibeka umnwe kwi-birgraphy yokuqala ye-surches kwaye, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ishiye inxeba emphefumlweni wabantwana kunye nophawu olungapheliyo.
Ngaphandle kwengqwalaselo yamadoda, inkwenkwe yayingenakufumana imfundo enesidima, kuba, njengee-Aristocrats, ngovuyo wajonga ootitshala. Waphulaphula ikhondo elibalaseleyo lefilososo, uncwadi kunye nethiyori yomculo, ngokweenkumbulo zombhali-mbali we-pluters, owachaza ubomi babantu abadumileyo.
Ngaphandle kokufumana ubuchule obutsha ebutsheni, i-fricle lalindile ukubuya kwabathinjiweyo, eyayingaphambi kokuba kubekho ixesha lokufika eAthene enkosi ngoncedo lwamandla aphezulu. Ekunye nabo, le ndodana yangena kubaxhasi bemigaqo-nkqubo yeKIMON, abajongana nedemokhrasi evelayo kwaye baba ligorha elaziwayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokweengxelo zababhali-mbali, uninzi lweentanda ezininzi ezinezibanga zabenza indima yabafazi zazikho kubomi bobuqu bakudala. Eyokuqala kwezi yayiyi-feed yenkolo nepeyinti ye-piev telezepa, kodwa ngenxa yeembono ezingakholelwa kwi-pericla, lo mtshato wawuphefumlelwa.Emva kwexesha ucwangcise ikamva lokutsiba olukhethiweyo, isiGrike sabandakanyeka ekukhuliseni inzala yegazi kwithemba lokwenza ubuchwephesha bokwenza ubuchwephesha kunye nomphetho obenziwe kwaye obekwe kakuhle. Kodwa umbono usilele ngenxa yokubonakala kwendawo entle ye-aspasia, enike idemon nomphathi weentsuku ezininzi zovuyo kunye nolonwabo.
Ngelishwa, imithetho engqongqo yavala i-pericla yokutshata nentombazana, kuba yayingengommi waseAthene opheleleyo waseAthene. Kodwa ngenxa yendawo ebalaseleyo eluntwini, unyana wesithathu ongekho mthethweni wakwazi ukufikelela kwinqanaba lommi lowo ongazange afumane umama.
Akukho namnye umntu ongenazizathu zaziwayo, isiGrike saxabana nonyana olizibulo, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, uXandep waqala ukumthiya utata wakhe. Beboshwe ikamva leTushandra, isusi kuphela eyakhe yadibana nesantya, xa umntwana ophakathi kunye nodadewethu basweleka ngenxa yobhubhani.
Emva kweziganeko zilusizi, isiGrimi sasondela eAlkiviadi, umzala, owathathwa njengomntu ofanelekileyo, ngokwahlukileyo kwinye kuphela. Kodwa umfana omncinci akazange ahlangane namathemba oMxhamli kwaye utitshala, kuba wabonakalisa utyekelo lokucinezela nobude abantu abaqhelekileyo.
Umsebenzi
Kwindawo ye-472 BC. Intloko eRincle ihamba kwiqela leAlkmeleonide, kuba ukubulela ukuya emkhosini sele bekwazi ukuvakalisa. Ukujika kwi-tendenny kwiimbono zedemokhrasi kunye nomzabalazo ovuthayo kunye noMlawuli we-kimon aphembelela ikamva lesiGrike kwaye wadlala indima ethatha isigqibo kwikamva lakhe.
Ukugubungela umsebenzi wenkcaso ngokuxhasa i-Athens ithiyetha, indoda, ngokutsho kwabanye abaphandi, baba ngumthumeli wabayeni abazukileyo. Usebenzisane nombhali wotshintsho lweAreyopago nge-EFIST kwaye wamkele ugqithiso lwemisebenzi yindibano yaBantu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, waba ngummi obalaseleyo kwaye wamkelwe njengenkokeli yomgaqo-nkqubo wakudala.
Ukuthetha kwimbambano evulekileyo ne-Sparta, i-Adhente yeDemokhrasi yaba ngumqhinga, kodwa abase-Athene bandehlela ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngexesha lemfazwe engalinganiyo. Ngaphandle koku, umphathi-mkhosi waxhaswa zii-Aristocrats kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo, izazinzulu ezigudileyo, izithandi-zobulumko, ababhali, ababhali kunye nezinye iingqondo ezikhanyisayo.
Enkosi koku, i-heyday yenkcubeko yamandulo yamaGrike yaqala, enxulumene negama lomfanekiso oqingqiweyo uFidiya, ogcwele ii-parsfenon odlulileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo. Umphathi welikomkhulu eyakhiwe ukuba wakhe i-pronban kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo we-Athene, kunye netempile kaThixo Geftista kunye nobutyebi bomculo-ode.
Kwezopolitiko, ngaphezulu kweminyaka elininzi, i-surcle iqhubela izithethe zezolon, kwaye ikopi enkulu yamaGrikhi yaba busuku kakhulu kwiZiko lezoQoqo leLizwe. Uthando lwabemi abafumene amalungelo nenkululeko engazange ibonwe ngaphambili nenkululeko evela kuRhulumente yaqala kunye nentlalontle yomvuzo ofanelekileyo womsebenzi.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, i-Mbindi lafikelela kwi-heyday njengesithethi ngenxa yeentetho zokomoya ezithethwayo emasimini eMfazwe yasePeloponne. AmaGrikhi achasile ngempumelelo kwi-Spartans ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yedemokhrasi, kodwa ibali lathumela imikhosi kaKara ngendlela ye-foops "ka-Athene."
Umlawuli uphulukene nempembelelo yezopolitiko, ukusilela okulimaza isiqalekiso, emva koko watyholwa ngobuqhetseba bezemali nezinye izono zengcwaba. Nangona kunjalo, igama lakhe lahlonelwa kwiGrisi malunga namashumi eminyaka ezayo, kwaye ngenxa yemizamo yebhayiloji eyathinjwa kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo.
Ukufa
Iintlekele, eziboniswe yindoda kule ndoda yakutshanje ubomi obuneziqhamo, ziphakamise idemon kwaye zenza buthathaka umntu ophilayo. Kwi-429 BC NS. Emva konyulo olulandelayo, u-Greek 'wakholelwa ngokufutshane kwikamva lakhe kwaye waziva unethemba.
NgokweziGqiwu zikaMxzulo, ngo-Eva wokufa ngezizathu ezingaziwayo, uqhelekile kwaye nabahlobo bahlanganisene kwibhedi yomgaqo-nkqubo ozukisiweyo. Babethetha ngakufaneleka njengomphathi nomlawuli, ikamva lakhe lalisele linikelwe ezandleni zoothixo nelwokwenza.