Biography
UArthur Clark, kunye nababhali uAzek Azimov kunye neRobert Himine, yayiyinxalenye yentsomi "enkulu" njengomnini webhaso leqela loncwadi. Umbhali we-ART kunye nemisebenzi yoburhanya yayiyingcali ye-futurologist kwaye umkhuseli ozama ukuba phambili kwembali kwaye axele iziganeko zeenkulungwane ezintsha.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UArthur charlez Clark Biography waqala ngoDisemba ngo-1917 kwiSixeko saseBritane esibizwa ngokuba yi-Marimead, esiphakathi kwimida yedolophu yedolophu. Emva koko abazali baqesha ifama ezazizana, betyebile, kwaye inkwenkwe yayikhula ngenkululeko, engazi iintswelo, ukonakaliswa kunye nengxaki.
Ukusukela kusasa ukuya ebusuku, umbhali wexesha elizayo wayejikeleza iindawo ezikujikelezileyo, evavanya amatye ezindleleni, imithi, iintyatyambo kunye neentyatyambo. Iingcamango zakhe malunga nehlabathi kwihlabathi liphela ngaphambi kokuba bangene esikolweni ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga abantu abadala abafundileyo babengemnandi kwaye balula.
Iklasi endiyithandayo yeClark yaselula yayikukufundwa kwesibhakabhaka sasebusuku, esajongwa kakuhle eluphahleni lwendlu awayehlala kuyo. Ngemozulu ecacileyo, inkwenkwe yokubuza iphinda iphinde iqaqambe iinkwenkwezi ezikhanyayo okanye ibukele intshukumo ye-chaotac engekavulwanga.
Ukongeza, umntwana waqokelela amakhadi abonisa idinosaurs esele inesiza, emva koko waqala ukuqokelela iifossils ezifumaneka kumasimi kunye namahlathi ajikelezileyo. Ngenxa yezinto, iBhanki ye-piggy iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlawulwe, uArthur wasebenzisa igunya koontanga kwaye esemncinci akazange abe nokunqongophala kwabahlobo.
Amanqaku ongezelelweyo okuthandwa azisa inkanuko yentsomi yenzululwazi, kuba inkwenkwe yayisazi ukuba ibala ngombala) ngokufunda usuku lwangaphambili. Ukuyibona le nto, abazali baqalisa ukubhala iiMagazini ezimangalisayo, apho ababhali abanje nge-hellbert baprintwe.
Emva kwenoveli, i-Olaf Stapplendon "Abantu bokugqibela nabaza kuqala" babonakala kwiincwadi zikaDavide Laserre, ezithandwayo ngeminyaka yee-1930s. Inkwenkwe zemka kunye iziganeko etsomo wadalwa amaMelika abanetalente, kwaye uthetha moya kwezinye iminyele kwi superstrates baxhomekeka.
Ukufa ngequbuliso kwentloko yosapho kwakubuya i-Arthur ezulwini emhlabeni, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba agqibe isikolo ukuba axhase ngokugqibeleleyo umama wakhe kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa xa ubukrakra belahleko bunyamalala, wangena kwilungu le-Astramical, kwaye waba lilungu lakhe elisebenzayo, eqhubeka nokukhumbula nokuphupha.
Ngelishwa, ubomi basemhlabeni bafuna ukubakho komsebenzi, kwaye iClark yaya kwikomkhulu le-Britain enkulu ukuba ijoyine uluntu lwabantu abadala. Kodwa, ukusebenza njengomphicothi zincwadi kwimo yezemali yemali, waba lilungu loluntu lwesizwe, olwalusahlulo olusebenzayo lwezimvo zenzululwazi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuba ngumntu okhulileyo omeleleyo, uClark akazange acinge ngobomi bakhe ekuqaleni, kuba yonke ingqwalaselo yoluntu itsale imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Kodwa ngo-1950s, omnye umntu ongumNgesi wadibana nelinye ibhinqa elaligama liligama kamva lifunda lonke ubulumko belizwe.I-American Marilyn Cafield yayingumtsalane okhethekileyo, ngoko ke unothando lwaqala phakathi kwakhe no-Arthur. Iiveki ezi-3 emva komhla wokuqala eNew York, wadlalwa umtshato othobekileyo, kwaye iindaba ezinokubakho malunga nombhali owenziwe ngoko nangoko ulwandle.
Elona xesha libalaseleyo lokutshale ukuba abantu abasanda kutshata babeyinto yokutshata ePennsylvania, apho kwakusetyenzwa khona encwadini elandelayo, kwaye ekhethiweyo yayinandipha izimvo zeentaba. Kodwa ke umbhali wentsomi yesayensi waphakama kakhulu kubuchule bokuloba, owayeka ukusebenzisa iimvakalelo zangaphambili kwaye wacaphukisa ukungavisisani kwentsapho.
Ukuqhelana kwakuphiliswa ukuba uArthur wayefuna ukuba ngumzali emva komtshato, kodwa kwathiwa akanakwenzeka ngenxa yesifo esithile sama-arylin. Abaxhasi baqhekeze isivumelwano esingahambelaniyo ngaphandle kokungathobeli kunye neenkqubo, kwaye umbhali wayekwisangqa samadoda alodwa de kube sekupheleni kobomi de kuphele ubomi.
Iincwadi
Ubuchule boncwadi kunye nesayensi yayiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bukaClark. Waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi engaphezulu kwesibini eyazisa ukwamkelwa kunye namabhaso. Uphengululo malunga neBali leGaze "Laseke", epapashwe kwiMagazini yeSayensi, yaba ngumvuzo wokuqala oxabisekileyo wokusebenza ngokunyaniseka.
Kwimisebenzi elandelayo efunyenwe ngabahleli beintsomi ezimangalisayo zesayensi, uArthur wagqiba kwisitayile kwaye waqala ukucocwa ngobuchule. Ifezekisile iitoti ezinoveli "zomhlaba ukukhanya", "ukuphela kobuntwana", "uthuli kunye" kunye nobunzulu obukhulu ".
Kwincwadi yesayensi "Iimpawu zexesha elizayo" zexesha elizayo zaye zaqulunqa imithetho yeClark, eyalandela imisebenzi yabo yeshumi leminyaka. Babesetyenziswa ekudalweni kweenoveli, ekudubeni komdlalo kunye namaxwebhu kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemicimbi ebalulekileyo, eyayiye emva koko impendulo.
Kwi-50s, intsomi yesayensi kunye nomhlobo wayo bahlala kumhlaba waseSri Lanka, apho wayebandakanyeke khona kwi-diving kunye nophando phantsi kwamanzi anzongonzongo. Emva koko, ukuchaza i-voidds kwifom eqhelekileyo enomdla kunye neqondakalayo, i-clark ipeyinta i-dozen yeshumi elinambini yokupeyinta abafundi.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1960, umhlaba wonke wathetha malunga neBritane emva kwefilimu ye-Odyssey ye-Odyssey, i-stanley ye-stanley kububrik ebomini. Impumelelo yohlengahlengiso, eyafunyanwa nguMlawuli, iTint yeFilosoficacacal, iphefumlelwe ngumbhali elukholweni kubuchule, amathemba kwixesha elizayo kunye nethemba.
Ngo-1980s, umsebenzi obonisa imbali yoluntu yayisekwe kumjikelo wokubhaliweyo oquka imiqulu emine. Kwaye emva koko iinovelwano zoludwelisayo "kunye nesakhelo" kunye ne "Igadi yeRama" yavela, ukuba umbhalo ongumNgesi wanika amakhulu eeyure ezingenamzila.
Kwiminyaka elishumi yokusweleka, ngenxa yokwaphula imisebenzi yomzimba, uArthur wabuyela kuncedo lwababhali xa kusenziwa imisebenzi emininzi. I-bibliography yakhe yagcwaliswa kunye neencwadi ze "Solar Solar" kunye "namehlo eXesha", ekhululwe e-UK naseMelika phakathi kwe-2000s phakathi kwe-2000s.
Ukufa
Ngo-1960s, uClark wawa ipoliyo, ngoko ke yaxutywa kwisitulo esinamavili ngexesha laseseleyo leminyaka. Ngaphandle koku, inzululwazi kunye nombhali babenxibelelana ngenkuthalo ngoogxa abaninzi kunye nendlela owonwabileyo ngayo umntwana xa ekugqibeleni wacinga ukudala i-Intanethi.Ku-2000s, inethiwekhi ikwabonakala kumzobo wefoto kunye nevidiyo ye-Arthur, yanikezelwa kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwaye ishicilele imisebenzi emitsha. Ekungeneni kokugqibela, indoda yatsho into entle kubalandeli kunye nabantu abathandanayo, kuba wayeziva ngathi iziphumo ezilusizi ziya kuza kungekudala.
Ngo-Matshi 19, 2008, unobangela wokufa u-Arthur we-Arthur clark wayesoyiswa kwenkqubo yokuphefumla, eyenza isifo se-postrome. Amalungu osapho, abahlobo kunye nezihlobo zangena kumhlaba waseSri Lanka ukuya kuzukisa inkumbulo yomNgesi omkhulu kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kumsitho womngcwabo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1951 - "susa kwisithuba"
- Ngo-1953 - "Ukuphela kobuntwana"
- Ngo-1975 - Ubukhosi Behlabathi "
- Ngo-1986 - "Umculo Omkhulu Wemida"
- 1990 - "Gupst ye-goligan"
- Ngo-1993 - "INkosi"
Umjikelo "weSithuba Odysey"
- Ngo-1968 - "2001: Space Odyssey"
- Ngo-1982 - "2010: Odyssey ezimbini"
- Ngo-1987 - "2061: Odyssey You"
- 1997 - "3001: I-Odyssey yokugqibela"
Umjikelo "RMA"
- Ngo-1973 - "Umhla kunye nesakhelo"
- Ngo-1989 - "Rama-2"
- 1991 - "Igadi yesakhelo"
- 1993 - "Rama Yellow"