Biography
I-LYON FIICHTHERARS ngoyena mbhali unempembelelo kwixesha leRiphabhlikhi ye-Weimar. Icacisiwe eJamani, wadalwa malunga neenoveli ezingama-20, imidlalo emininzi, izincoko kunye namabali kwisihloko sokudibanisa iNazim kunye ne-cooldality yokufakwa kwengqondo. Ngexesha elinye, uLyon Feichtvanger waphembelela ukudlala kwe-bercht's playfwing. Ukwakhuthazana ethathela ingqalelo, ehlala phakathi kwababhali abasesiJamani kakhulu benkulungwane yama-20.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1884 eMunich kwintsapho yamaYuda engu-Orthodox uSigMund Feichtvanger nenkosikazi yakhe kaJohanna (kwi-bodenheim enkulu).
Kule minyaka, uninzi lweentsapho zamaJuda, ngakumbi i-noble (i-sigmund afehtvanger, izuzwe njengelifa kuYise), umthi wombhalo wandiswa. Umzekelo, umbhali, wakhulelwa abantakwethu noodade abasibhozo abancinci. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubomi babachithachitha ehlabathini.
Ngokomzekelo womzalwana okhulileyo, uLudwig noMartin Feikhtha bazinikele kuncwadi. Eyokuqala ichithe iminyaka ephambili yobomi e-UK, yesibini kwaSirayeli. IUnited States iye yaba yindawo yokusabela yomntakwethu wombhali. Okwesine yayikhathazekile kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Waphembelela ukutshintsha kukarhulumente we-1933 kwaye kubomi baba dade babini baseLyun Gichthar-kwingcinezelo yamaNazi, bafihla ePalestina.
Ulwazi olusisiseko lukaLyon FaychtWorn luye lwathatha i-willifsmsmsmsmsmsmm kwi-Munich's Litney Lcelem. Kwidayari awayichazayo izifundo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Kwigama elingahambelani nobomi bokwenyani. "
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-lyceum ngo-1903, uLyon Feichtvar wazinikezela kwiSayensi yoBuntu. Ufunde noncwadi kunye nefilosofi eMunich, kunye neFilology kunye neeLwimi zakudala - eBerlin, kude nekhaya nabazali.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Lydon Fehtwanger yadibana noMarta Leferler, iMveli Munich, kwitheko ngo-1909. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yabameli abaseleyo kwisini esihle, ubalaselisa umbala weenwele ze-voronov, kwaye umbhali wathanda iblonde. Batsho ukuba akaphoswa ithuba lokukhumbuza ngayo. Ngaphandle kweenwele, uMarta Leferler wayenomdla kwiimpawu ezincinci zeLyon Feikhthanger, ukukhula kwakhe kuncinci kunye nendlela yokuphila yaseBohemia.Ngo-1912, uSfefler waba liqabane nje elithembekileyo, umkhuseli kunye nemyuziyam uLyon Fehtwanger, kodwa nenkosikazi yakhe. Besisongelwe, bathanda abo bathandana nabo, ngenxa yenyaniso, nobuchule, bengananyana.
Xa i-Lyson Feikhtharhanger yabekwa kwinkampu yoxinaniso, uMartha Lefeler wayengoyiki ukubuyela kwihlabathi eliqinileyo lale nto. Ubhale iileta ezilishumi elinambini eziya kwezona zinempembelelo kakhulu eYurophu naseMelika, ide yanxunguphala i-Eleonorarara Roosevelt, iqabane lika-Eleonoralt, iqabane lika-32 uMongameli wase-US Franklin Roosevelt.
U-Loyan Hehhthangeru wakwazi ukubakhulula kubukhoboka, ukucwangcisa amaxwebhu kwaye ukubaleka eUnited States ngaphandle koncedo lukaMartha Lefeler. ELos Angeles, eCalifornia, le ntsapho yakhokelela ebomini obuqu.
UMartha Leffler wasinda iqabane lakhe kangangeminyaka engama-29. Wasweleka endlwini yabo ngo-Oktobha 25, 1987 kubudala obunzulu-ngonyaka wobomi abangama-96.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, i-Lydon Diehhhtvanger ejijekileyo yomkhosi we-Eva ye-Eva. Uhambe nombhali kwiSoviet Union.
Iincwadi
I-Lyon Dehhhtvander yaqala njengentatheli nakumpapashi. Nge-30 ka-Epreli, ngo-1900, ukukhanya kwakufumana ukukhululwa kokuqala kwemagazini yakhe der Spiegel, epapashiweyo malunga nemisebenzi yobhalo kunye nemveliso enkulu. Kwisiqingatha sonyaka kunye nemicimbi eli-15 kamva, ubunzima bemali banyanzela uFaychtwanger ukudibanisa kunye ne-Die Schabühne - Ijenali kaSiegfrit Jacobson.
Kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, uLyon Feichttvanger waya ngaphambili ngoNovemba we-1914. Akuzange kubekho nyanga, njengoko kwasuswa yimeko yempilo. Ngesizathu esinye, umbhali kunye nomhla wokuhlaziywa kuka-1918.
Emva kokuphumelela njengokudlala, uLyon Fichttvanger, amaqabane ecebiso, utshintshele kwiinoveli zembali. Ingqwalaselo yayo yayihlawulwa njengezeminyhadala - iimfazwe, i-coup yecawa, intwana kunye nobuntu. Umzekelo, kwinoveli "uGoya, okanye indlela yolwazi" (1951) ebonakalisa ubomi bobugcisa uFrancisco Goya. Ngendlela, le yenye yemisebenzi embalwa yeLyon Feikhthanger, efumene umthetho.
Kwi-bibliography yombhali kukho imijikelezo emibini - "igumbi lokulinda" kunye "noJosefu". Eyokuqala inikezelwe kwi "pumn cum" - ke kwi-Germany Yaphambi kwemfazwe ibizwa ngokuba ngabalandeli abancinci baseAdolf Hitler, ababemdaka. Umjikelo wesibini ubanzi ngokubanzi kwinkcubeko yehlabathi. "Imfazwe yamaJuda" (1932), "nyana" (1935) kunye "nosuku luza kuza" - malunga nobomi bomphathi-mkhosi uFlavia ubandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo nengaphezulu.
Kwimisebenzi yakhe, i-Lydon Feikhtvanger eyenziwa ngu-Gotnz: ngaphambili, abaninzi, wabona isoyikiso ku-Adolf Hitler kunye nezopolitiko ze-Grander kaZwelonke. Umbhali wafaka imifanekiso ye-satirical ye-fuhrerer, i-hoolil yeNazi. Akumangalisi ukuba emva kokuthathwa kwamandla ngo-1933 wayekhoboka.
Iincwadi zeLyon Feikhtharhanger, kunye nababhali abangama-312, zaziphakathi komoya ophantsi "kwaye utshisiwe. Kwindlu yombhali, badla ngokukhangela, babamba yonke imibhalo yesandla kunye namanqaku anokufana neyelenqe le-Romance. Umbhali wahlutha ubumi. Ukuba wayenqwenela ukubuyela eJamani, wayelinde ukoyikeka, kude kuse ekudubuleni.
Ukuba ukugxothwa kunye nokuphembelela i-LOON FIKHHTHARHHAWASHHAWARE, ke ngokuziphatha kuphela. Ngo-1933, waya kuhlala eFrance nenkosikazi yakhe, apho iinoveli zakhe zathandwa kwaye zazisa imali. Ngoncedo lweLizwi, umbhali uqhubeke nokwenza ngokwezifiso kumaNazi, kodwa abo, ngokoluvo lwakhe, babengaqinisi ngokwaneleyo. Emva koko uLyon Feichtchser waya e-USSR.
UJoseph Stalin, inkokeli yeSoviet Union, wathabatha umbhali undwendwe oluphezulu. Iincoko zabo (ukuya kwikoteyishini) zibonakalisiwe kwincwadi ethi "Moscow-1937" (1937). E-USSR, wahlukaniswa ngokusasazwa kwamawaka angama-200 eekopi, kunye nentshayelelo uJosephu uStalin wabhala esandleni sakhe.
Ngo-1940, uLyon Feichtvanger nabanye amaJamani abahlala eFransi bafumana abasemzini abangenabala. Bathinjwe kwinkampu ye-Hiele, emva koko. "Imbanjwa" le mihla kwafuneka inyamezele indlala kunye nokubanda, ulwalamano olungenantlonelo, ukusebenza nzima. Umphathi wombhali wayephila-mfutshane - wafuduswa kwakhe njengomfazi, kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva waziswa eUnited States.
Amava, anamava kwi-le-mill kunye ne-Nimea, isekwe kwi-memos lioh fayhttvanger "chert eFrance" (1941).
Imirhumo evela kwi "Jung Zyuss" (1934) kunye ne-Oppenheim Intsapho (1938) yavumela umbhali ukuba aphile ngonyawo olubanzi kwilali yaseLos Angeles kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokuyila, wadalela iinoveli ezininzi ezingalibalekiyo - "i-Spanish Ballad" (1954) kwaye "ukuba" i-Itfayay kunye nentombi yakhe "(1957), wabhala intatheli.
Ukufa
Ngo-1957, uLyon Diehhtrangeu wafumanisa umhlaza we-Gastric. Esi sifo siqhubele phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke kungenelelo ngoncedo. Ukopha ngaphakathi kwenzeka xa utyando nokubangela ukufa.I-biegraphy ye-biedon feehthanger iphela ngoDisemba 21, 1958, ngonyaka wama-74 wobomi. Umzimba wakhe uphumle kumaplanga enkuni ye-santa monica, eCalifornia. Ukugweba ngeefoto ezivela kuloo ndawo, ingcwaba libonisa ilitye elilula. Ecaleni kombhali kuphumla umfazi wakhe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1923 - "i-duchess i-duchess margarita mural"
- Ngo-1925 - "IJungty Zyuss"
- Ngo-1930-1939 - "Igumbi lokulinda"
- Ngo-1932-1945 - "UJosefu uFlavius!
- Ngo-1936 - "Infon ye-PARON"
- Ngo-1943 - "Abazalwana Lautihenzak"
- Ngo-1943 - "Simon"
- Ngo-1946 - "Iimpungutye esidiliyeni"
- Ngo-1951 - "UGoya, okanye indlela yolwazi"
- Ngo-1952 - "ubulumko boCrank, okanye ukusweleka nokuguquka kukaJean-Jacques Rousseau"
- Ngo-1954 - "i-Spanish Ballad"
- Ngo-1957 - "UkubaYamay kunye nentombi yakhe"