Biography
UJohn Mirton ngesiNgesi, njengo-Alexander Pullkin ngesiRashiya, yeyona poet ibalaseleyo kwaye ucinga ukuba yeyiphi impumelelo yakhe. Ubomi bakhe nobuchule buxhomekeke ngqo kwimeko yezopolitiko eBritani: Waqala njenge-phamfita i-Karl i, kwaye egqibile ukuba angaboniyo umbhali kulo mbhali kulo lonke elahlelayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imbongi yazalwa ngoDisemba 9, i-1608 eLondon, intliziyo yeBritane, kwimanyano yomqambi uYohane Milton noSarah Jeffrey.
Ingeniso evela kumculo ivunyelwe uJohn Milton ukuba aqeshe owona mqeshi wabucala kwiSixeko saseThomas Yang, i-St. AndresTian. Kukholelwa ukuba impembelelo yakhe ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komsebenzi kaJohn Milton - omncinci wahamba ngendlela yenkolo yenkolo.
ISayensi esisiseko uJohn Mirton Comple kwisikolo sikaSt Paul eLondon. Emva koko wangena kwikholeji kaKristu eCambridge, ophumelele ngo-1629 ngendawo yesi-4 phakathi kwabafundi abangama-24.
Isifundo sanikwa uJohn Milton, ngaphandle kobunzima, esiqinisekiswa ngekoteyishini yomntakwabo omncinci uChristopher:
"Wayefundile kakhulu, wahlala emva kweencwadi zezifundo-kude kube sezinzulwini zobusuku, kwaye ke ebusuku."Inyani yile yokuba akunjalo kule minyaka, imbongi ye-ERUDIT yayikukuzibuza ukuqonda ubume beengxoxo malunga nemixholo enomdla, abahlalukiyo abanyanzelwa ukuba basebenze. Kwilinge lokuzama ukoyisa ingxaki, uJohn Milton waqala ukuqalisa imibongo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1642, uMariya Pooty Wa waba ngumfazi wakhe uYohane Milton. Wabaleka izihlandlo ezininzi kubazali bakhe, ngelishwa ukuze anyamezele iGradi elungiselelwe: umahluko phakathi kwamaqabane ayeneminyaka eli-17.Nangona kunjalo, umtshato Powell wazala abantwana abane - uAnna (Julayi 7, 1641), no-Okthobha (ngo-Matshi 25, 1651), uJohn 2, 1652. R. R. R. R. R.). Oothixo bokugqibela babengaphumeleli, kwaye nge-5 kaMeyi, 1652, uMary Powell washiya umhlaba wokuphila.
Ukuphela konyana kaJohn Milton wafa kwasebusaneni. Iintombi zaziphila zokuqola, kodwa imbongi zazingakwazi ukwenza ulwalamano olufudumeleyo kunye nabo.
UCatherine Woodkok, owaba ngumfazi kaJohn Milton ngoNovemba 12, 1656, wamtshabalalisa umnqweno wokuba nabantwana. Ixhoba lalililize: Eli bhinqa lasweleka nge-3 kaFebruwari, 1658, kwaye intombi yakhe esandul 'ukuzalwa ziinyanga nje ezi-4 kamva.
NgoFebruwari 24, 1663, uJohn Milton wafumana uElizabeth Minoll - "wesithathu neyona ibonisiweyo", njengoko kubonisiwe endlwini eManchester, apho babehlala khona amaqabane eManchester, apho babehlala khona amaqabane. Ngaphandle komahluko kwiminyaka engama-31, umtshato wajika wonwaba kwaye wathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-12, ukuya ekufeni kwembongi.
Ifilosofi kunye nobuchule bokuyila
Owona msebenzi udumileyo emsebenzini kaJohn Milton nguMbongo "weParadesi olahlekileyo" (1667). Ababhali-mbali bale mihla base-United Kingdom kunye nehlabathi lesiNgesi liyigqala ngeyona misebenzi iphambili yoncwadi eyakha yadalwa.
Umbongo kwimigca eli-12 yokuba uJohn Milton abhalwe ngo-1658 ukuya kwi-1664 uzinikele ekufuduswa komntu. Embindini wesigaba - uThixo noSathana bamchasa, imbali yokudala kuka-Adam no-Eva.
Abantu bexesha elithile (umzekelo, uDaniel defo) bagxeka izimvo zikaJohn Milton kwaye zibheke kakhulu ngenxa yeembono zakhe kwinkolo nakwizopolitiko. Uninzi lwenziwe "kwiParadesi" yeParadesi ".
Umzekelo, kwenye yeencwadi uAdam, ufuna ukukhulula izono, ucinga ukwakha amakhulukhulu amakhulukhulu enqunqele unqule uThixo. I-Archangel Mikhail icacisa eyokuqala, ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo aziyi kumnceda ukuba ubukho beNkosi. Ngamanye amagama, uJohn Mirton ugweba utyekelo lwangoku lokuthetha ukholo olungekho ngcinga kuThixo, kodwa kwizakhiwo zamatye.
Iintshaba zagxeka uJohn Milton, esithi: UPantheon nyani kunye nekamva likaPeter eRoma ikwangulonwabo lokunqula izithixo, akahambelani nokholo.
UJohn Milton jikelele wedumisa ixesha lakhe. Enye yeyokuqala, yaqala ukuphikisana ngemitshato kunye noqhawulo-mtshato ngaphandle kwecawe enkulu. Ukujonga imbali ka-Adam no-Eva, eyayingasesekuhleni baseburhulumenteni, kodwa hayi umanyano lwasezulwini, imbongi ibanga: umtshato sisivumelwano semvumelwano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. UJohn Milton wafumana ingqalelo eyodwa kwimvume efanayo yeqela lomtshato noqhawulo-mtshato.
Umxholo webhayibhile osungulwe "kwiParadesi elahlekileyo", uJohn Milton waqhubeka kwi-paradesi "yeParadesi (1671). Ngeli xesha embindini weyelenqe - uYesu Kristu, oguqukayo ukuze alinyangeki kwizilingo zikaSathana kunoAdam noEva. Ekuqondeni kwembongi, uNyana kaThixo ungumzekelo wommi ofanelekileyo: Ngaphandle kolawulo lwehlabathi elijikelezileyo kunye nokuntywila kwezopolitiko, uhlala ethembekile kwimigaqo yawo kwaye ephelisa ukuwa.
Isabelo sengonyama seMisebenzi kaJohn Milton sinembono kaThixo, kodwa kukho i-bibliography yakhe kunye nezenzo zopolitiko. Eyona ithandwa kakhulu yi "Areyopagika" (1644). Kulo msebenzi, imbongi imele inkululeko yokuthetha kwaye icinezele.
"I-Areyopagika" igxeka iPalamente yePalamente ye-1643 ekuqaliseni kweNdawo yoKhenketho kuqala. UJohn Milton uphawula ukuba le nkqubo ibingasetyenziswanga nakumaxesha amandulo: eGrisi naseRoma, nkqu nezona zibhalo zintle zichithwe luluntu, kwaye azitshisi "kwinqanaba lokupela.
UJohn Milton ukwabona ukuba umzabalazo weenyani zenyani awuyi kuyilungisa imeko eluntwini: Ukupheliswa kwabo babhala ngorhwaphilizo akuyi kunceda ukuphelisa inkohlakalo ngokwayo.
Njengokulalanisa, uJohn Milton wayecinga ukuba anganyanzeli impapasho yokuqala, kodwa ukwazisa uxanduva lokubonisa ulwazi malunga nombhali kunye nomshicileli ezincwadini, unetyala bohlwaywe.
Kufanelekile ukuba ukonakalisa ukuba "I-Areyopagika" akazange ayiqinisekise iPalamente ukuba irhoxise isigqibo sokwabamba okokuqala. Ngapha koko, inkululeko yokuthetha yavalwa kude kube ngu-1695.
Ukongeza kule misebenzi yasebumeni, uJohn Milton washiya imibongo yemibongo (eyona mibongo idumileyo - "i-Win's Pogs" "ihlekisa" kunye "ne-passphlets kunye nemidlalo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umhlaba umazi uJohn Milton njengembongi, uninzi lwemisebenzi yabo awayiqambayo.
Ukufa
Unobangela wokufa kukaJohn Milton wayesilele kwi-renal. Esi sifo saqala ukuthuthumbisa imbongi ngomhla we-1660, kwaye kwaphela kuphela nge-8 kaNovemba, i-1674. Umzimba utshiswe kwiCawe ye-Saint-Gyptgate eLondon. Ngo-1793, ingcwaba elihonjiswe isikhumbuzo esadalwa nguJohn Bacon.
Ishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo lebhayiloji yakhe, uJohn Milton echithe kwintlupheko kunye noloyiko lokubanjwa ngemibono enobuchule.