Biography
Usolusapho uHermogen ngumfundisi-ntsapho olawula iCawa ye-Orthodox yaseRussia ukusuka kwi-1606 ukuya ku-1612. Umdlali wecawa uchasile ihlaselo lezibonda, elalingenziwanga kumhlaba wokuzalwa, wathintela iinkathalo, wathintela amaKatolika. Wazibonakalisa njengomntu ongumntu onyanisekileyo karhulumente, kwaye imbali igcina imemori ye-hermogens njengemoto engcwele kunye nokuthathwa kwe-orthodoxy.Ukuqala kwendlela
Eyona datha yebhayiloji yomkhosi yayingagcinwanga, kwaye ubungqina bayo buyaphelelwa ziirekhodi ezenziwe ngabantu bexesha kunye nenzala. Ngokufanelekileyo, wazalwa ngo-1530 kwaye wayenguntanga we-Ivan obikayo. Phakathi kwababhali bembali kukho ingcinga yokuba umntwana ogama linguJermolam kwimvelaphi wayenxulumene ne-don cossacks okanye kwindlu yeShui neGolitsyn.
UJunior Wafudukela eKazan, apho ikhuselo lakhe laba yimoniyakazi yotshintsho. Apha le ndoda isemithe ngokwakhe ukholo yaza yagqiba kwelokuba azinikele eNkosini. Kwi-1570s, uYermoela wayehlala ekufikeni kwabaNgcwele kwiCaint Nicholas yeCawa yaseSaint Cicholas kwaye wenza uxanduva lombingeleli.
Kwimithombo yembali, echaza ubomi bololusapho, kukhankanya imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngummangaliso. Ngo-1579, ngexesha lembalela eyomeleleyo, umlilo onamandla wenzekile kwiKazan. Idangatye lalicelwa umngeni kwicawa eNgcwele ye-Nikolsky ukuya kwiKremrelin, emva koko yasasazeka eluphahleni lwezindlu.
Ngelixa umlilo ulele, intombi kaSagittarius yayingumbono we-Icon efihlakeleyo yenenekazi lethu. I-Shrine ifumene apho intombazana yaxelwa khona. Abaphathiswa beCawe kunye needolophu balungiselela ukuxinana. Bashukumisela i-icon kwi-blagofchency cat'edralral. Ngexesha lenkonzo kwabakho ukuphiliswa kweemfama ezimbini. UHermogen wayelilungu lomsitho kunye nengqina kwinto eyenzekayo.
Ubomi kunye feat
Ngo-1587, umfundisi walamkela ixhoba waza waba yimshini kummangaliso weMoscow wemonastery. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wafumana iSan kwaye emva koko ngenxa yesolusapho uIova waba yiMetropolitan. Ekuqaleni kukaHermogene ngo-1591 kwiKazan, umhla wememori yamajoni ama-Orthodox awela phakathi kwesi sixeko. Ukuze intsikelelo ye-Iow, kwamkelwa oku kuququzeleko.UHermogen wasasaza iOrthodoxy phakathi kwezinye izizwe. Wabelana ngolwazi nge-tathars kunye nabameli beentlanga zeTurkic.
Ngo-1598, uKumkani uSydor Ivanovich wasweleka, kwaye uBoris pherunov weza emandleni. I-Hermogen yaya xa inyula inkosi entsha. Emva kokuphumelela etroneni, i-Lithadishiria I, iMetropolitan yasebenza kwi-boykoskoy Duma, kodwa wachasa umchasi womthetho. Ucele ubhaptizo lukaMarina Mnisheki kwaye wajonga unyulo lukaPaitia.
Xa wayeneminyaka eli-1606, i-grigoray oreveev yayiye yabhukuqwa, urhulumente ugxile ezandleni zikaVasily Shui, kwaye uHermoni wayethathe indawo ye-Iggetius. UShuisky wayenoloyiko lokuba indawo yakhe inokuthatha iPhilare, kodwa kwi-1606th yoosolusapho yamkelwa eSan. Ngaphandle kokungavisisani kunye nokudibana okucacileyo nokumkani, uHeremogen wayehlala emkhusela.
Ukuthembela eShuisky wajonga phantsi uChirisrings othandekayo kunye nokubonakala kweFallitriya II. Kwavela iyelenqe, ngenxa yoko ukubhukuqwa kokubhukuqwa komkani kwakucetywa. I-Hermogelens ikhokelele kwindawo yangaphambili kwaye inyanzelise inkxaso kumcimbi we-coup karhulumente. Usolusapho wenza i-feat, ebeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni. Wenza ne-patriot kwaye wala ukuvukela. I-Buntari yafudukela kwicala le-villapemitria II. UHermogen wathumela iileta ezimbini ezalandela, zisayine emva nasekunene kwaye ziguquke.
Ekuqaleni, iingcinga zakwazi ukubabiza abantu ziye kuphakamisa, kodwa impumlo yokumkani yayisenzeka nge-1610. Kude kube lixesha lokugqibela, uHermogen wathetha ecaleni kwenkosi. Nokuba sivalelwe entolongweni kwimimangaliso, usolusapho wacela ukubuyela kwitrone. Amandla atshintshelwe ezandleni ze-semiboyarchin. Umfundisi-ntsapho wagweba ezi nguqu kwaye wazama ukulungiselela unyulo lonyulo loKwakha ukumkani waseRussia. Kodwa umlawuli wanyulwa i-vladislav sigissundovich. IHermogen kwafuneka ayiqonde imeko yayo, ngokuxhomekeke ekubhaptizweni nasekuphelisweni kwemfazwe yentetho enyanzelwa kwi-Russia yomhlaba waseRussia.
Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwePoland, usolusapho waguqukela kubantu besizwe ukuba ancede, kwaye isibongozo sakhe saxhaswa ngabakhuseli belizwe labo. UKazan wazisa ikopi yecophu yeKazan kanina kaThixo, owaba yeyona ndawo yeMiltitia kazwelonke.
Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kweMoscow, iHermogen yayithinjiwe. Washiywa eSana wathunyelwa kumhadi wemoniyakazi. Izibonda ziphinde zafuna ukunyangwa kokuxhathisa, kodwa isicaka secawa singasihoyanga le miyalezo size sibizelwe ii-patriots ukuba zinganikezeli. Ukucoca izibonda, iMonki yazisa ekufeni, isizathu sokuba indlala ilambile kwaye inxano.
Ukufa
I-hermogen yathunyelwa entolongweni, kodwa ityala lakhe lagqitywa. Ngo-Okthobha 1612, uKuzma Minin kunye ne-Dhimin Pozhasky wakhupha iibhodi ezivela eMoscow. Iinyanga ezintandathu, uMikhail Romanov waba ngukumkani, ophumelele usolusapho.
Ngo-1652, iintsalela zecawa zasuka kummangaliso wemoyakazi ziye kwiCatsotery enkulu kwaye yayikwingcwaba lomthi. Umhlaza wezaphulelo wa-12 wayalelwa nguNikolai II. UHermogen wabandakanywa ebusweni babangcwele kwaye wamkelwa njengombingeleli ngo-1913. Nyaka ngamnye ngoMatshi 2 uphawula umhla wosolusapho.
bucala ngasekunene
Ngo-1913, itempile yokuqala yangcwaliswa ngokuzukisa i-hermogens. Yalungelelaniswa yindibano yaseRussia yaseRussia. Emva kweminyaka emi-3 kupapasho lwe-bulletin "ye-therintologin" epapashiweyo i-Akathst ukuya eSt Hermogen.Emva kweminyaka eli-100, ngo-2013, kwavulwa ityeni eMoscow ngembeko yengcwele. Ilitye lesikhumbuzo likufuphi neendonga zeKremlin, kwiGazandrovsky. Ababhali bobuqhophololo - Salavat Shcherbakov kunye ne-Igor Voskresensky. Kunyaka kamva, indawo yaseArmenia ye-almetyevsk yaxhasa ukuvulwa kwelitye lesikhumbuzo kunye neCawan Cathedral yeSixeko. Amakholwa kwaye namhlanje ahlawule imithandazo kwi-Homemogene eNgcwele.
Usolusapho uHermogene kwiNkcubeko
Kunye ne-Ivan Susanin, izenzo zikasolusapho waseHermogene zashiya umkhondo embalini, ziseka igama lakhe njengegorha lexesha.
Ikamva lomfundisi, olwalusinda kwimbali kaRhulumente kunzima ukuphefumla, luphindaluphethe inzala. Igama lakhe liyakhankanywa kwi "Tale entsha ye-Orthodox yaseRussia" eyenziwe nge-1611. Usolusapho unikezelwe kwi-opera "heint hermogen". Umfanekiso wegorha waqubisana nokuveliswa kwe "ndlela yasebukhosini", eyayikwimeko yethiyetha ye-moscow yedrama yaseRussia. Ngo-1860, uPavel chistyakuk wabhala umfanekiso ozinikele ekwenzeni ukwala ii-hermogens.