Biography
I-Voivde yaseRussia mikhail Vorotynsky, inzala yohlobo lwakudala lweprinti, yaziwa njengomntu owayengunogada kunye neeshedyuli zemida. Wathatha inxaxheba kwidabi lolutsha, apho abameli belizwe laseRussia kunye nomkhosi wamagunya olwaphulo-mthetho namaTurkey bahlanganisana ngehlobo le-1572.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-pedigree mikhail ivanovich u-vorotnsky usuka kwiinkosana ezinkulu ze-Cssegov, othi, emva kokuxubana namaLithuanians, ufumane iqashiso elikhulu. Ekhohlo kwi-Orthodox Society, isikhokheli sekamva lerhuluneli saba ngumsunguli wayo wonke umzi, owayedubula kwaye sisityebi.
Iqhawe lembali yazalwa lazalelwa kwintsapho yaseMoscow Boarin, ngokweentlobo zabaphandi abagunyazisiweyo, kwingingqi ye-1510s. Utata ogama linguIvan Mikhailovich wahlulahlula emkhosini kwaye ekugqibeleni wafumana udumo kunye nabahlobo kunye neentshaba ezinamandla.
UKumkani waseRussia uVaily III waqala wabuza kwi-bitrided, kodwa emva koko wathunyelwa kwisalathiso somalunga noonyana abathathu. Intsapho yaphulukana nezinto zosapho ngaphakathi kwemida ye-verkhovsky kwaye ihlale kwingingqi yeVololo.
Ngenxa yoko, uIvan Mikhailovich wasweleka ejikelezwe izalamane, kwaye uMikhail nabazalwana ababini ngenceba yakhe babuyela eMoscow. Apho wafumana ithuba lokuba lilungu lephulo laseSwedes, apho inzala yosapho yakudala efundile ukuya emkhosini.
Ebutsheni bakhe, ukuhlala kwinqanaba lamawaka, uMikhail wabetha ngomkhosi wolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye wenza uxanduva lwerhuluneli kwisixeko esibizwa ngokuba yiBelev. Kwakhona kwabakho isikhundla esibalulekileyo eKaliga kunye nedabi lase-Odoeva, apho uRrecial Khan wayecinezelwa ngabafazi abaninzi, abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.
Lo msitho ube nefuthe kwi-biography ye-vorotnsky kwaye wanyanzela umphathi wexesha elizayo ukuba afumane uxanduva lwabantu. Ukulwa eVasirshersk, uMikhail wacinga ngekamva kwaye ehlonipheke kweyona ilungileyo yokujoyina ubungangamsha ojikeleze ookumkani baseRussia.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokwezingqina, ngokubhekisele ngqo kubomi bobuqu yaseMikhail Vorotnsky, inkokeli ingenelele emtshatweni omiselweyo kwicawa engcwalisiweyo. Ubudlelwane neqabane lokuqala, elicinga, yayiligama le-KSenia, lalimele imfihlo yabaphandi.Umfazi wesibini waba bubuhle besibini seAvanovna Kubnskaya, okoko ilungelo lokuzalwa, yayiyinkosana yesityebi. Emva kokubonakala kweendlalifa, oonyana neentombi ezimbini, uMikhail wayefuna ukushiya inkonzo ukuba ahlala konwabile nosapho.
Ukufa komfazi owayefika emphefumlweni ekupheleni kwe-1570 kunyanzeliswa uhambo lwasebukhosini ukuze ufumane umfazi wesithathu. Elena Fedorovna Tatev, umzukulwana ka-Ivan Fedorovich Ryapolovsky, abaphandi baseRussia bachaza njengentombazana enento enobuhlungu.
Uhlobo olunjalo lwabonakala ngenxa yokufa kwangoko, apho i-mikhail voltynsky yayinde kwaye ikhathazeke kakhulu. Ukunqongophala kokufudumala kunye nenkxaso ekupheleni kobunzima obunzima obunzima obuyenziwe kumphefumlo weVoiviod.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
I-Vorotynsky yaziwa njengomphathi xa kulawula ivan Garzny, ithathe inxaxheba ekuthandeni iKazan ekuqaleni kwe-1550s. Ngenxa yobuchule obucwangcisiweyo kwiNkosana, amaRussia aphumeleleyo, kwaye iindaba eziyi-zalo zafikelela ezilalini nakwizixeko.
IRhafu yangaphambili yeVasillsk ngexesha lokungqinga kwenkululeko yeKhansim eyalele ukuba i-artillery yokwahlulahlula abantu abalikhulu. Abalwa abaye bomeleze kwinduli kufutshane neZiko eliPhakamileyo, babenegalelo kwinto yokuba umhlaba uTata wangena kwindawo yangasemva.
Ukubuyela eMoscow ubume uTshawe, Vorotynsky wafumana ngeziqu kunye anobukroti kwinkonzo yasemkhosini wangena kufutshane Duma kakumkani. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iNkosana yayisemimandla yaseUkraine nakwangokomthombo obhaliweyo, ayizange isebenzise ilize.
Ekuqaleni kwe-1560s, uMikhail wagcina imida yombuso, kodwa akakwazanga ukujamelana nomkhosi wolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye wazizisa wena. Ukulahleka kwepropathi yakhe yentsapho, iqhawe legazi legazi legazi kunye nosapho lwakhe kunye nezalamane zakhe ezisondeleyo zabanjwa zavalelwa.
Kwithuba elangaphambi kolawulo lwe-Okrichnina, ivan ivaracy oxolelwayo uVorotseninky, kwaye umkhosi waseRussia wawuthatha imicimbi kaRhulumente. Uye walawula i-boykaya Duma phambi kokubhalwa kwe-zemstvo yobuhlungu kwaye, ngokweengxelo, yayidume nge-ambesor edumileyo.
Kwinkqubo yemisebenzi yezopolitiko neyentlalo, iVotinsky ilungiselele inani lamaxwebhu, phakathi kweyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngumphathi wokuqala. Kwinto edumileyo "ye-boyokyy malunga nenkonzo ye-static kunye nokubukela", umbhali waphawulwa yizahluko ezilishumi elinambini.
Ngelishwa, ukufundisisa kwale ncwadi akuzange kugcine i-moscow evela kuhlaselo, kwaye i-khan yomkhosi waseKhan. Guyana wahlasela intsimi yayo. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka, iqela elinesibindi le-Kuzma, iminin neDmitha Pozharski ikhupha ungenelelo olucelomngeni kude kube selitye.
Kude kube ngelo xesha kwi-Russian State, elonakalisiweyo kwaye limnyama, umphathi-mkhosi odumileyo njengoko wayenokunyulwa kwiintshaba. Ukumkani ngenxa yamatyala aseNizhny Novgorod washiya i-epicenter yeziganeko kwaye ayiboniswanga kwizikhundla de kube yi-1560s.
Ngokudibeneyo kunye nerhuluneli, i-DMILIL ye-DIKHAIL, i-mikhail yazabalaza ne-Devlet-Gyreum, izikwere ezingamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu kunakwiimfazwe ezivulekileyo. Ukubalwa kweqhinga kunye neSedkalis kuvumela iqela le-vorotnsky ukwenza imbali imbali yokuba bathetha ezixekweni.
Umlo, ogama linguMolodinskayaya, owenzeka kwiindlela zekomkhulu, waba yinto eguqukayo ngexesha lemfazwe yaseLivon. I-Tatars ibuyele umva, ishiya amawaka abo babulawa kwaye yenzakala, kwaye okwethutyana balibala le ndawo yelizwe elifunwayo.
Inceba yobuqu ye-vorotnsk yaba ngumsebenzi ocingisiswe kakuhle, owaphela kwimbeko engathandekiyo emiqolo yotshaba ophukileyo. Isibindi nesibindi esiboniswe ngumphathi, sibonisa ukuba yimalini yelizwe laseRussia yayiyindlela.
Ukuze uKhuphume eTatar Khan, uMikhail wafumana amabhaso-izazisi zosapho kunye nomhlaba kwiindawo zokuhlala ezininzi. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu labakhonzi kunye ne-boydar, eqhelekileyo ngexesha lomthetho uIvan Garzny, iVoivode yaba ngumphathi we-Okrug peni ngo-1570s.
Ukufa
Ekuqaleni kuka-1573, kubungangamzi wenzuzo, i-vorotnsky, otyholwa ngokutsala umonakalo wokumkani. Kwakukholelwa ukuba kwinkampani yabanye "abanenzuzo" mikhail morozov noNikita, i-Odeno, umphathi wamagorha wenza ubunkokeli.
Ipolitiki yaseRussia andrei Karbsky kwinzala yokwakhiwa kwazo abizwa ngokuba zizizathu zokutshutshiswa kukaMikhail ngomlilo. Ngaphambi kokusweleka kwe-voivod, iindonga zemonki zingena kwiindonga zeMonitic kwaye ngenxa yabagcini bewadi bebengazi ebusuku, kungekho suku.
Ukuqhushumba kweNkosana yaseRussia yangcwatywa ngaphandle kweKashin, emva koko isuntswana lishukunyiselwe kwenye yeecawa zosapho. Umhlaba owenziwe nge-vorotny ye-vorotnsky, urhulumente warhoxiswa ngenxa yolwazi, kwaye bafudukela kubunini bookumkani baseRussia.