Biography
UJulio Mazarini wayengumphathiswa wokuqala weKing Louis Xiii, waba ngumhlambi wekhadinali ebomvu uJean jeean de chichee. I-astestigator ye-State yaziwa njenge-anna i-anna Austrian kunye ne-tamer ye-noright ye-nornd ekhokelwa yiPrince de Kondo Kondo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJulio Raymondo Mazarini wazalwa ngoJulayi 1602 kusapho lomrhwebi kunye nomnini-mhlaba, umthwali weengcambu. Ndiyabulela kwisikhundla sookhokho kunye nokusondela kumlawuli weNaples, ikamva lenkwenkwe lagqiba kwelokuba liye lahlala kwiintsuku zokuqala.
Utata Pietrini Mazarini yi-cargep filippo coloumns, kunye nonina, iAristocracracract eRoma, yayingabantu amanenekazi amanenekazi. Eli bhinqa laba nabantwana - amakhwenkwe amabini kunye namantombazana amane alawula iirekhodi ezigciniweyo, babengaphuhlalanga ngonyaka.
UJulio, owayengunyana omkhulu, waya esikolweni kwiminyaka engama-7, kodwa akazange azingenelele kwi-jesuis, ngaphandle kwemizamo yootitshala. Kwiklasi ye-Astrolonom, wenza ingxelo nge-it ye-galea, enikezela ithiyori kunye neqela leqela lakhe.
Ukongeza kwisayensi, uMazarini wayekuthanda ubugcisa be-palatical, wadlala indima yeSt. Igsiatia de Loyolla kwinye yemidlalo yenkolo. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo womsebenzi awuzange uchukumise ukuqiqa komfana oselula, wafumana enomdla kwinkqubo.
Ebutsheni bakhe, ekubeni kwisiko lemfundo ngaphandle kokhathalelo lwabazali, uJulio ulikhoboka lokungcakaza kwaye uhlala ebabo amatyala. Utata, oye waxela le ngxaki, yathatha indlalifa evela eRoma, kwaye kangangexesha elithile wajikeleza kwisangqa sePhondo.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1622, uMazarini waba liqabane kunye neqabane uJirolo Pollons-umntu olandelelayo ngovelwano lwesahluko seNeapolitan. Waya kwiDyunivesithi yaseComputerce, e-Madrid, apho kwakukho ithuba lokuzonwabisa, ngaphandle koloyiko kwimiphumo yobubi.
Emva kwemini, uJulio wafunda imbali kwaye ekunene, ekuhambeni wadlala amakhadi kwiiteaver kunye neeTaver zendawo. Abanye bachitha ngokungummangaliso, utata wayechithe malunga nendlela yokuphila eyenziwa ngunyana olizibulo waqonda ukuba ithemba lekamva liya kuba yindawo engenakuthintelwa.
Ngoku-odongwe ngumzali ongqongqo, uJulio wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe waza wasondela kwi-jurissipridence ukuba aqhelisele emva koko. Embindini we-1628, wajoyina umkhosi wePrince Palerrina, kodwa ngenxa yokungazi kwamava kunye namava akunyanzelekanga ukuba alwe naphi na.
Ubomi Buqu
Eselula, uMazarin phantse watshata nentombi kaMadrid Ariry, yenza into entsundu eyoyikisayo. Bazali abaye bafunda ngale thuba ikwileta yeqabane loNyana, bathabatha inkazana, de zabugxotha iilwimi ezimbi.Ukuba sisikhundla esidumileyo sezopolitiko, uJuliio wabandakanyeka kwabathandekayo, wazama ukucwangcisa ikamva labazalwana noodade abaninzi. Imeko yeCawa yamaKatolika yeKhadinal ibeka umnqamlezo kubomi bakhe, kunye noMphathiswa wokuqala ngaphandle kwesigwebo esilusizi.
Amalungu amancinci entsapho kaMatsarin yaba ngamadoda nenenekazi, uDuun Deves kunye noLaura Machini babengabathandi babantu basebukhosini. UAnna Maria Marminitzi utshatile inkosana De Scori, eyaziwa njengelungu leqanda, umxhasi wobugcisa kunye noPhilanthropist.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko wase-Italiya waqala ngesikhundla sediplomat, okokuqala ukuba uMbutho ufunda ngaye ngo-1630. UJulio watsho uthethathethwano-sicelo kunye nabafaki-sicelo belifa leMantaka, kwaye waba yindoda eyathintela imfazwe yaseFrance - iSpanish.
UMazarini wayekwazi ukufumana ukuzithemba kwamanani adumileyo aseYurophu - i-crancescous francesco barberini i-barberini i-jerben jeeb de hipheb de hipheb de hipheb de chi chiphee. Amadoda anamava aphonononge amandla eqabane olona qabane lincinci, kwaye kungekudala waba ngumnini wendima kumdlalo onzima wezopolitiko.
Umntu ongcakazayo wafumana i-San Canofika kunye nendawo ezokuhlonela imbeko, eyalenza ukuba ufumane irhafu kwinani leemoninaties zephondo. Waba lilifa le-papal eParis phakathi kwe-1630 kwaye waqala ngokulawula ngokukhululekileyo indanda yamakhulu abantu.
URikehee ngaphambi kokuba afele wabuza inkosi ukuba inyamekele isiphelo sikaMazarini, ngenxa yoko, umfundisi wase-Itali wangena kwiBhunga eliphezulu laseRoyal Royal. Indoda enamacala ahlekisayo iphumelele ukuzithemba kuka-Anna Austrian kwaye yahlala umhlobo wakhe ixesha elide.
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaWisan Louis XIII, uJulio waba ngumlungiseleli wokuqala kunye neNkosi yokwenene yelizwe. Ukwazi, kukhokelwa nguDule Beaufort, ucwangcise "iyelenqe", ukuthathela isigqibo malunga nezopolitiko eziphelelwe lixesha akufuneki kwaswelwa lilizwe laseFrance.
U-Ananini onomdla wokumkanikazi wakwazi ukugcina indawo ephezulu. Ukuhlangabezana nenkcaso, waba sisibali sombuso inombolo enye eParis. Ngenxa yetalente yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, iFrance yaphumelela kwimfazwe yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ifakwe ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo.
UMazarini waba ngomnye wabadali olwenziweyo, ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba lilizwe laseWestSphalia lagqitywa. Uqhubele phambili uhlengahlengiso oludlangalala noqoqosho oluchukumisa amahlwempu kwabemi, besebenzisa amava omthengisi ophambili njengokuphela kophawu lomhlaba oyinyani.
Ukunyuka kwerente yerhafu kubangele ukungathandeki kwe-French, ngokuchasene nekhadinali yayiyimvuthuli, ebandakanya amagcisa nabathengisi. Ukongeza, uMazarin waphinda wangxama ngeParis ukuze awaziwe, akhule kumda ekupheleni kwe-1640s.
Imeko eninzi inyanzele uJulio ukuba ayeke uyilo lwezinto ezifihlakeleyo kwaye akhokele kwimizamo yokufundisa unyana wokumkani onqwenelekayo wokumkani. Ikhadinali kunye no-Anna Austrian baqukumbela isivumelwano nabachasi, kwaye emva koko kwavela ukuba isigqibo esinjalo sathatyathwa lilize.
Imanyano enabantu abaninzi abaye banceda ukucinezela amaqhinga kwaye bathumele kwi-Diatonius yenqaba ye-ventsensky ye-ventsensky ye-verce rince proce. Nangona kunjalo, abameli be-aristoccy babechasene nesigqibo, kwaye uMazaria umhlala-phantsi warhoxa eJamani, ngaphandle kokufumana ithuba lokuzigcina kwi-ultrasound.
Xa i-louis yexesha elizayo xiv iphumelele ubudala abadala, i-credinal ngobushushu bubuyiselwe kwiParis exolelwe. I-ovation, elungiselela ukudinwa kwembambano, yabonisa ukuba uMazarini akazange aphulukane nodumo lwabo lwangaphambili.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kukaMazarini wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngumbingeleli oqhelekileyo-ebhekisa kwimeko yempilo, wasuka kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke. Ngenxa ye-gout ekhulelweyo kunye neengxaki zokugaya, le ndoda yaphulukana namandla akhe ngaphambili, yajonga ubunzima.Ngaphambi kokuba bafe, ngenxa yokufa, i-godinal yayiyintando, ngokutsho komThetho wokuqala owayeza kuba yiyo i-Colber ye-jean-baptiste. UJulio wanika ingcebiso ebhaliweyo kwiKing Louis XIV, ngokubhekisele kurhulumente, inkcubeko kunye neendawo zoluntu.
Ngo-Matshi 1661, uMazarini wangcwatyelwa kunye nembeko ekwakhiweni kweZiko leFrance kufutshane nebhotwe leLouvras. Ingcwaba, elikwi-marble yeholo ngemifanekiso yangaphambili, ingumrhumo kunyana womnini-mhlaba nomrhwebi.
UJulio Mazarini kubugcisa
I-biography yekhadinali yaseFransi iboniswe kubugcisa, waba liqhawe lemisebenzi yoncwadi, i-accial kunye nepeyinti yamaxwebhu. Kwi "Imaski yentsimbi" ngokwenoveli, uAlexander Duma - uJulio oPhezulu uboniswa njengomlawuli onobulumko, owahlala kumphathi onzulu.
Ifilimu "Ukubuya kweeMusketeders, okanye ubuncwane bekhadinali mazarini" basuse iifilimu zefilimu zaseRussia ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1990. Emva kweshumi leminyaka, ikhasethi "i-cadinal mazarini. Imidlalo eyingozi, "abanomdla kubameli babo abangakhathaliyo kwimbali yezangqa.