Biography
Kukholelwa ukuba indlela yokhuselo yelizwe likaBawo yishishini lendoda. Kodwa imfazwe enkulu yokuthambuka ikhumbula i-Matrena Wolkaya, ukholo u-Andrianova, ezi ziNinaida Portorova ... La makhosikazi ababuthathaka basindise abantu, banyamezelekile kwaye banyamezele amagqabi anenziweyo. Waba negalelo kuloyiso olukhulu kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya we-Lydia Litvak, umhlophe uLilia quimbarad. Uphumelele inani elikhulu loloyiso kwiimfazwe zomoya kwimbali yokulwa inqwelo moya. Isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union sanikwa isibindi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Lydia vladimirovna I-Litvaka yazalwa nge-18 ka-1921 eMoscow, ikomkhulu le-RSFRR. Ngobuzwe, umqhubi wenqwelomoya uthathwa njengesiRussia, kodwa kukho amaxabiso enyanisiweyo angamaYuda.
Ngeminyaka yee-1920 kunye ne-1930s, wonke umntu wayephupha ezulwini. Iphefumlelweyo ye-Alexander Tashkin, Valery Chkalov noGeorge Baidukova, abafana namantombazana bakhwela kwii-aeroclumbs. I-Lydia Litvaka ayizange ihambelane. Sele eneminyaka eli-15, waqala wahlala phantsi kwivili lokuqhuba.
Izakhono zokulinga i-Litvian kwi-Khedson Avied Aviedy. Ukuhamba ngeemeko zeMoscow-ngo-1937, utata wakhe, uVladimir Leontievich, wayecinezelwa kwaye edutyulwa. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ukugxeka kwakukwabuxoki. Kodwa umqhubi wenqwelomoya, mhlawumbi wayethandabuza kwangaphambili.
ULidiya wakhawuleza waya ngaphambili kwiMfazwe yeLizwe enkulu. Kodwa waxelelwa ukuba: "Imfazwe yinto eyindoda." Imeko itshintshile ngo-Okthobha ka-1941, xa elinye lamagorha okuqala eSoviet Union, iflaya-iflaya-Navigator Marina Svalova, yenziwa i-3 yabasetyhini. I-Litvvreak yayifanele ukuba icinezele iiyure ezili-100 zokubhabha kwimigca yenye yazo.
Ukusuka koku, ubugorha, kodwa abafutshane kwinqanaba lebhayiloji yebhayiloji emhlophe i-lilijam yaqala.
Ubomi Buqu
NgoFebruwari 1943, uLydia Lydia wenqwelomoya wabethwa. Umhlaba ubalwe kwi ntshaba. I-factcists izama ukuthatha umqhubi, kodwa wazidanisa waza wakhula entsimini. I-lilia ye-lilia ye-lilia ithethwayo ngobomi kwaye ijolise kwi-cartereges ukuba ishiye enye.I-Alexey Flovich SwemaMatin yaya kuhlangula. Umqhubi ongumqhubi ovulekileyo wavula umlilo kumabala amaFasi, ukubanyanzela ukuba bazifihle, kwaye babeka inqwelomoya 'kwisisu' esiya kuthatha iLidiya. Ikhokeli bakho nentanda yakho.
I-Lidia Lidia Lithuania kunye ne-Alexey Sloamina yajika ichukumise kwaye intlekele. Kodwa abantu abaselula bakwazile ukutshata phambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi yenqwelomoya. Nge-21 kaMeyi, ngo-1943, iqhawe leSoviet Union lafa phambi kwentanda kunye ne-comrade. Wayeneminyaka engama-22 ubudala.
Feat
Ngo-1942 uLidiya Littvakon wabetha ngaphezulu kwe-themocraft eyi-6 yenqwelomoya. Ukuba nesibindi, ibonakalisiwe kwiimfazwe, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wanikwa ilungelo lokufaka imiqondiso eyahlukileyo kwiBhodi.
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, le ntombazana ayilithandi igama lakhe. Wambuza ukuba abize i-lily okanye inyibiba nje. Ukusuka apha kunye ne-radiosal yayo - "I-lilia-44" (ngolunye ulwazi, "mhlophe uLilia"). Kwi-hood yeflaya yenqwelo moya "yentyatyambo", kwaye kungekudala le ntombazana ithole, kodwa igama lesidlaliso lamagorha yi-lilia emhlophe.
NgoFebruwari 23, 1943, uLivakov wanika ibhaso lokuqala lokulwa - i-odolo yenkanyezi ebomvu.
Kubonakala ngathi akukho bunzima banokuzisa inyibiba emhlophe esuka emaphandleni. Nge-22 kaMeyi, ngo-1943, kwakungekho kwenzakala kwidabi elingalinganiyo. Ngaphandle koku, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wazisa ucingo olusezantsi kwisiseko. Wathunyelwa esibhedlele, emva koko - ekhaya, efumana kwakhona. Kodwa ziiveki ezimbini emva koko, uLidiya waphinda waqhelisela emoyeni.
Nge-18 kaJulayi ngo-1943, kwiinyanga ezi-2 emva kokusweleka kuka-Alexei Slomatina, i-Litvreak ilahlekile eyona ntombazana ibalaseleyo uCatherine Budanov edabini. Amantombazana alwa nabalingane abanobubele kwisibini, kunye ne-lilia emhlophe i-chalingrad ikwazile ukubaleka. Ukusuka kwezi, iflaya yayinemlo emfazweni. Akazange akhusele nje uTatawo. Ukuziphindezela kwabathandekayo kunye nabo ubathandayo.
Iimbaleki zokugqibela zeLydia Livaka zenziwe ngaphezulu kwe-mius ngaphambili. Nge-1 ka-Agasti ka-1943, wabaleka kane ukuze alwe notshaba. Iconjululwe i-2 inqwelo moya, enye-kwiqela. Ngexesha le-4 akazange abuyele esixekweni.
Kanye ngonyaka kunye nesiqingatha seMfazwe yeLizwe eliNgezelelweyo, i-Litvyak yenza i-168 yokuhamba esibhakabhakeni. Kwingxelo yayo, 12 uloyiso lobuqu kunye ne-4 ngaphezulu-njengenxalenye yeqela. I-lilia ye-lilia ye-lilia ithathelwa ingqalelo eyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Ukufa
Ngokutsho kweenkumbulo zabantu ababephila ngexesha, uninzi lwazo zonke iLidiya yayisoyika inzonzobila. Kodwa kwenzeka kanye loo nto. Nge-1 ka-Agasti ka-1943 ngexesha le-4th Riberbang yemfazwe ngaphezulu kwe-mius ngaphambili, inqwelomoya ye-liilija elimhlophe inyamalala emafini kwaye ayibuyi. Ihlala iintsuku ezili-17 phambi kwakhe ngomhla we-22 wokuzalwa.Abaphathi be-73 abalindi beNdawo ababeyiFakelo banomenzi-zimvo zokubonisa i-Lydia Litvak ukuya kwisihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union Post. Kodwa isigqibo sasihlehlisiwe. Ababhali-mbali banika oku kutolikwa nje.
Abanye babhekisa kubungqina, ngokutsho kwe-itrovuki ye-parachute kwindiza evenkileni kwaye babamba amaFasi. Abanye bathintela ukuba ngesihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union alikwazanga ukuhanjiswa. Enye indlela okanye enye, i-lilia emhlophe ye-wilia ikhupha inkanyezi yegolide ehlonitshwe nge-5 kaMeyi, 1990.
U-Lidaa Livakov ufunyenwe kwiminyaka engama-26 emva kokuqhekeka kwefama yeKozhevny kunye nengingqi ye-DODTSK. Nge-29 kaJulayi ngo-1969, izingalo zakhe zitshiswe kwingcwaba elikhulu. Kwindiza yakhe yokugqibela, i-lam elimhlophe i-liliya i-themtharad ihambile ngaphandle kokuchonga imiqondiso, ngenxa yoko yayenzelwe "njengeflaya engaziwayo."
Kuphela ngo-1971, ienjini yokukhangela kwingingqi ye-Luthansk yafumanisa ukuba iLidiya yayiyinto eya kwingcwaba elikhulu. Amasalela amohlwaya. NgoJulayi ngo-1988, kwabakho ipleyiti engalibalekiyo kunye ne-regaria yomqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nefoto ngemvelaphi yamafu.
NgoNovemba 1988, uLidiya Livak wenza ukuba onobangela: "Wafa xa esenza umsebenzi wokulwa nge-1 ka-Agasti, 1943."
Imemori
- Ukususela ekuzalweni nasemva kokushiya umphambili wemfazwe kaThim, uLidiya wayehlala kwinombolo yeNdlu 14/19 esitratweni. Novoslobodskadaya eMoscow. Ngo-Matshi 2019, ibala leSikhumbuzo elinemifanekiso yeBronze ye-Bronze yafakwa kwibala.
- Izikhumbuzo zegorha leSoviet Union ziyakhiwa kwi-Red Ray ray ngaphambi kokuba i-Gymnasium Nombolo ye-1, abafundi ngo-1971 baseka ilungu lebhinqa elilwayo, nakwindawo yokuhambisa inqwelo moya yesithili saseMazantsi emkhosini).
- Ukuxhaphaza i-lilia emhlophe ye-lilia ifakwe kuxwebhu lwexwebhu kunye neefilimu zobugcisa: "iindlela zememori:" iindlela zememori "(ngo-2013)," I-lily "(2014).