Iphupha "lephupha", limanzi ngolwazi "ngeentsuku ezilithoba zonyaka", uxwebhu "oluqhelekileyo" - ezi kunye nezinye iifilimu ze-cinematographer zihlala ixesha elide kwimemori yabaphulaphuli. Kwaye phakathi kwabafundi bakhe, abaninzi baye baphumelela kakhulu kwi-filmmaster: i-tirkovsky, eShukshin, mikhalkov, konchalovsky kunye nobunzima babanye.
NgoJanuwari 24, 2021 wajika iminyaka eyi-120 ukusuka kwemini, njengoko uMikhail Romm wazalwa. Kwiinkcukacha ezinomdla zobomi bobuqu kunye nebhayiloji yomlawuli-kwizinto ezibonakalayo 24cmi.
1. Umculi oguqukayo
I-mikhail romm italente yexesha lokuqala elibonakaliswe kwiminyaka yesikolo. Kuyinyani, intetho ngelo xesha yayingeyiyo i-cinema - umgcini wemfundo yekamva kunye nomlawuli wexesha lokufunda kwi-Gysm kunye nomfanekiso ngqondweni wengubo, ukutsala i-pientis kunye nengubo kudongwe.Ukucingisisa umphetho wenkwenkwe, intombi yakhe yabazali bakhe yancomela i-misha ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ukuqhubeka kwedipozithi yokuyila. Ukurenta kwiBhunga, umfana weza emva kwendawo yokuzivocavoca ukuya kwisikolo saseMoscow sepeyinti, i-Draine kunye noyilo. Nangona kunjalo, iziko lemfundo alizange liphumelele, ukukhangela kwinani le-bolsheviks ngexesha lotshintsho luka-Okthobha.
2. kwakhona kwidesika
Kuphela ngo-1921, emva kokuphela kwedreyini, kwiminyaka apho i-mikhail isebenza yi-Arder ebomvu kwaye ibandakanyeka kwi-Kulav, kunye neenkonzo ezivela emkhosini, iRoma iqhubekile nezifundo zakhe. Ngoku kwi-faculty yemifanekiso yoomasifundisane obukhulu bobugcisa.
Ngokutsho kwezezibusjizo yomlawuli wexesha elizayo, ixesha lokuqala kwiziko alikhange lifundise izinto zemfundo ngokubanzi, kwaye umfundi ngamnye wafumana amanqaku omphefumlo wakholeka. Kuphela kwizifundo zokugqibela zaqala ukuvela phakathi kwabaprofeta, indalo yabafundi yaqalisa ukuvela. Ngapha koko, ukulawulwa kokuvela ebuphezulu, kwavela kumoya wemibono yoguquko, kwaqala ukubonakala kwi-Iyonets, eqwalasele imbonakalo eyoyikisayo ye-bureaucracy, bonke basandul 'ukulwa nabo bonke abantu.
3. Inkangeleko entsha
Ngokwenyani, ibilixesha lomfundi, i-mikhail romm kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba izame amandla akhe kwezinye iindlela zophuhliso lokuyila. Isizathu soku yayisisikrini esingaphumelelanga-umzobo owenziwe kwilitye eliqinileyo le-pine yoMboniso wezoLimo no-Russian oQine no-1923, wayengawuthandi uMdali.Ukungoneliseki kwaye uphumelele kwinto yokuba iRoma yaqala ukunika ingqalelo engakumbi ekungamodeli, kodwa isebenza, i-therical kunye ne-filmorezhzshussis, yaqala ukuguqulelwa ngumbhali, yaqala ukuguqulelwa kwabafundi basezikolweni.
4. IZIBHENO
Kutshiwo ukuba, kwinkulungwane ye-30 yenkulungwane yokugqibela, ekugqibeleni uMikhail wagqiba kwelokuba anxibelelane nekamva lakhe ngemovie, wadibana no-Abram ogama lingu-Abram, owayekwinqanaba lenkulungwane embalwa. UMlawuli onamava wacebisa ukuba i-novice eluhlaza ukuthatha iPleugusm yeNdlela, "ukuze zingadideki." UMisikail waphendula wathi makabenze onke amandla ukuze oku kwenzeke.
Kwaye omncinci ukufezekisa injongo aphumelele - nokuba uyalibala ngokuthelekisa inani lamabhaso amanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwimemori yabaphulaphuli, i-romme i-romm inxulunyaniswa nomnini-ntloko.
Kuyahlekisa kangako kuba intshabalalo yegama eliqhelekileyo, abantu bexeshana bethu, ukuba uyakholelwa kumabali eenjini zokukhangela, edidekile kwi-Alexander Roms
5. Inzima ekufundiseni
Ubugcisa bokubhala i-script mikhail romm ithe yaphosa indlela enzima ngayo, kunjalo nakweyokuqala. Umfana kathathu wajonga imizobo efikelelekayo, ekhumbula ngenkuthalo into eyenzekayo kwiscreen. Emva koko, iphindaphindwe inkqubo esele ikwitafile ekhulayo, ukubhala iskripthi ngokungafihlisiyo kunye nohlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwesakhelo ngasinye. Kuphela emva kwenani lovavanyo olunjalo, iRomM yaqala ukubhala imeko yokuqala.6. UMGAQO-NKQUBO
Ukuthetha uTata, uMikhail Romm ukhumbule ukuba i-Ilya Makssa Maksimovich yayihlulelwe kukubethelwa umntu ogxothiweyo eSiberia ngeMisebenzi yoHlelo, ububele. Olu phawu lomlinganiswa lwaluseRoma-bicala kakhulu. Elokugqibela kwanebhanti inamathela kwiphepha elinamathela elikhethekileyo, ivelise imfihlo evela kwinkosikazi yayo, icenga ukuya kwenye indawo kwaye ingasabuya.
Iintshaba zikaMisikail I-Illiich zaphikisana ukuba ububele obuvela kwi-cinematotopisher izuze ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokubonakala ngathi kubonakale, ipetroli, umlawuli oselula, ekuqaleni abadlali abaphathwayo, babene-repower eyaneleyo yokuzisa iqonga lokudubula kunye nokubethelela ngentlonelo umntu.
7. Intandokazi
Kude kube ukusweleka kukaRomm wayehlala nenkosikazi yakhe ithandekayo, uElena ezmimin, intlanganiso yabanjwa ngandlela ithile enkosi kwi-whims yesazisi sikaVororilov.
I-NAREC yezokhuseleko yabona ifilimu yaseMelika "ilahlekile Patrol", yatyelwa nguJohn Ford. Kwaye umbono ubambe umlilo - kwi-USSR, kunyanzelekile ukuba ususe into efanayo, kodwa ngendlela yabo kwaye ikufutshane ne-soviet indoda yeSoviet.
I-ishumi elinantathu iteyiphu, ixelela malunga nengxabano enzulu yokuthintelwa kweqela elibomvu le-Blod Bandda Basmachi, iphathiswe eForma. Indima yabasetyhini kuphela emfanekisweni kwaye yenziwa i-Kuznetssov, kamva eyaba ngumfazi womlawuli. Esi sibini asizange sizelwe ngabantwana babo, kodwa intombi ka-Elena kumtshato wokuqala - i-Natalia - i-quinematographer yekhwele ngokungathi yindabuko. Kwaye intombazana yakhe ayithandabuzi ukuba i-mikhail irom, kwaye kukho utata wakhe wokwenene.