Biography
I-vnylav shishkov ngumbhali weSoviet, umbhali wezakhelo zeminyaka yobudala kunye neenoveli, iipremiyamu zikarhulumente, iimbasa ezinikezelweyo kunye nee-odolo. Olona hlobo lubalaseleyo loncwadi lusebenza kwisitayile soMongameli weMveli kwezeNdawo yenziwe ekuqaleni nangaphakathi kwiminyaka yo-1920-1930s.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-vnylav Shishkov yazalelwa e-Bezhetsk nge-3 ka-Okthobha, i-1873 kwivenkile enkulu etyebileyo yebhentshi kunye nomthengisi. Utatomkhulu uEllary Alekseevich ngumnini-mhlaba osisityebi othathe inqaba yabalingane abavusayo utata wombhali.
Njengomntwana, uzuko kunye nabanye abantwana babephantsi kweliso likamama, kwaye iNtloko yoSapho yaphela yonke imihla kwimiyalelo yezorhwebo. Ngeengokuhlwa, amalungu esidlo sangokuhlwa kwifani babeza kumamela amabali malunga nemicimbi yephondo ngokuhlwa.
Ngempelaveki, utat'omkhulu notata baqhuba inzala kwicawa yasekuhlaleni, emva koko oodade balungiselela iikuki. Amakhwenkwe ajonga ngengqondo njengoko utata wakhe ebuyayo evela kwimisebenzi yakhe evule iincwadi kwaye wabhalwa kunye namatyala.
Kwiintsuku zentengiso, abantwana abadala banceda abazali babo kwivenkile yokurhweba, imini yeChishov yaqala kwisiqingatha sentsasa yesihlanu. Ikhululwe, i-vnylav kunye nabazalwana yayihambahamba kwisikwere esikumzi, sajonga iibhokisi kunye nenkosi yasebenza.
Kwiminyaka esi-7 ubudala, umbhali wexesha elizayo wafumana indawo kwiNdlu yeeNdwendwe, kodwa kunyaka kamva, iklasi ecocekileyo ishiye ngenxa yobunzima bemali. Ukuba ngumfundi oqhelekileyo weSikolo seSixeko saseBezhetsky, waba nomdla ebomini babameli be-masses.
Ootitshala bathathele ingqalelo kwitalente yendalo yaseShishkov, ibali labantwana "i-Wolf Lair" lalizukisiwe ngendumiso ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ekunyanzeleni kwabazali, i-vnylav ihlaziyeke ngokwakhiwa iziko lemfundo lase-Evalo, okanye umgca awuzange ubhale.
Intloko yesebe lezobuchwephesha elibaleka umfundi omtsha, kwizifundo zokuqala, i-rublerk ye-Bezhetsk yafumana i-10 ruble. Njengoko isenzo sobunjineli baseShishkov eNizhny Novgorod, senze idama, emva koko kwiphondo leVolog Dalintele ekubekeni iindlela zamanzi.
Ekupheleni kuka-1894, i-vnylav yafudukela kwiSithili seTomsk saza yaba ngumchwepheshe wophando waseTaiga. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuhambo lwesayensi kwimilambo ye-Itrysh, e-OB kunye neLena, wenza ukudubula nemilinganiselo kwiimeko ezibandayo kunye ne-purgi.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu ye-vnylav yakovvich auxekileyo kancinci, kukho ulwazi malunga nabafazi abathathu abasemthethweni, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezingenabantwana. Ebutsheni bakhe, umbhali ebengazukungena kubudlelwane obusemthethweni.Ngequbuliso, uAnna Ivanovna Ahlulova wavela kwi-Horizon yakhe - ikhwelo elihle le-AristocTral. Kwiminyaka emibini emva komtshato, asandul 'ukutshata kwaqhekeza ngequbuliso, kuba uShishkova wanomdla wokuhamba kwaye esebenza.
Umfazi wesibini wohlanga lukaBezhetsk wayengumguquleli waseKsenia Zeshiya Zhikhareva, wapapasha incwadi yeenkumbulo zomyeni onetalente kunye nobukho kuye. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokudibana nebhinqa elinomtsalane elinombhali uMikhail Bisharesbsky, uthando lomtshato lwasasazeka.
Ngo-1927, i-vnylav yakovvich itshatile kwaka kwakhona, umtshato wokugqibela awuzange uvule ulonwabo kwi-bachelor. Emva kolunye uhambo, le ndoda yayingakhathali kwintanda kunye nelolo ngokupheleleyo ibuyayo kumatshini woncwadi.
Iincwadi
ESiberia, okhuthazwayo bubuhle bobuhle bukaShishkov waqalisa ukubhala amabali, "umsebenzi" wecodar "wapapashwa kumaphepha eendaba zeToms. Emva koko, amanqaku ohambo kunye nezincoko zaqalisa ukubonakala apho, apho umbhali echaza izinto ezibonakalayo zeminyaka ezichithwe kwimilambo.
Isitayela sombhali wokuqala sixabise i-Grigen Potnin - umphandi, uluntu lwalusilwanyana kunye ne-ithodpher, ekulungelelaniseni uLwezile. Abantu bahlanganisana ndawonye baxoxa ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo ezikhathazekileyo malunga nexesha elikude.
Ezintlanganisweni, i-vnylav yakovvich ifundwe yengqondo yomntu, kwaye emva koko yalawula amagorha ngeempawu eziqhelene nabahlobo kunye nabahlobo. Mhlawumbi, ke, ingqokelela yengxowa-ntle kunye neenoveli "eziphakamileyo kakhulu" noKrayo "zabangela umdla kubagxeki nakukhathalela ubugcisa babantu.
Njengomphandi, uShishkov wasebenza kwiprojekthi yendlela edlulayo, ubunkokeli bamthumela kuhambo lwamashishini aya kwiSebe leendlela. Ukutyeshela i-petersburg, ingcali yadibana nentsomi ye-Maxim gorkm, emva komboniso wemisebenzi yamadoda, kwaqala incoko.
Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yombhali odumileyo wamaqhekeza "ezantsi" kunye "nabantwana belanga", i-vnylav yaqalisa ukuya kwisondo laseRussia, uqokelela izinto zoncwadi. Emva kohlaziyo lweBolshevik, i-cible yePhondo icingisise ngomsebenzi obhaliweyo wokwaleka nawuphi na umfundi.
Ekupheleni kwe-20s, uSheishkov wazinza ngokuqinileyo kufutshane neSt. Petersburg, apho wabhala ibali "ababhadula" kunye nobomi beshumi elinambini lokuzalwa. Ukongeza, wenza umgca kwimbali yembali "Vitaga", apho imfazwe emhlophe kwaye ibomvu yaboniswa ngaphandle kweBhili.
Ixesha elide, i-prosaizela yayikhathazekile bubomi bukaSiberia, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1933 waphumelela kwincwadi ethi "UGrrym River". Emva kokuvavanywa ngempumelelo yi-quineet quinetographesgraphok, umsebenzi obalulekileyo wahlala kwimbali kangangeenkulungwane.
Ubomi obudlulileyo ngokuhamba ukuya kwikomkhulu laseRussia babonakaliswa kwingqokelela yeChui kunye nenani leencoko zoncwadi. Ngokuchaneka kwefoto, umbhali uchaze olona phawu luxabisekileyo, lokuhlawula abalinganiswa abaphambili kwi-Taiga Stringa.
Umxholo wezithethe zabantu baseSiberia baqhubeka kwincwadi ethi "Scarlet Subla" kunye neeDasi ezipapashiweyo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Emva kohambo lombhali kuMsebenzi wokwakha, iBshkov yacinga ngomsebenzi wamagorha elizwe.
Imazi ye-Bibliography eyayisenziwa emva kokuba ivukelo yayi "amabali ahlekisayo" - "Khrenovinka" kunye "nokusebenza kwilali". Ukudala i-biographies yabalinganiswa, umbhali ubonise italente ye-themarist.
Ukufa
Ngexesha lemfazwe, i-vnylav yakovlevich isebenze kwi-leningrad ye-virbade, wabhala izincoko zangaphambili zangaphambi kwamaphephandaba aqhelekileyo. Ubomi, bugcwele uloyiko kunye nokuhluthwa, impilo echaphazelekayo echaphazelekayo, kodwa uShishkov waqhubeka nokukhanya okufundayo ngeendaba ezibalulekileyo.
Ngokufanayo, umbhali wenza inoveli yembali, kwakufuneka baguqukele kwi-Emely Pugachev yase-pugechev. Emva kokukhutshwa komthamo wokuqala, iingcali zoncwadi zachukumiseka kakhulu kangangokuba amawaka amagama agudileyo watsho.
Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokusweleka ngenxa yokungazixeli izizathu, umbhali akazange afumane ixesha lokwenza ukuqhubeka kwencwadi malunga neRussia Rubser. Ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi 1945, ingcwaba lamangcwaba amaNvdevichy laqokelela abo bantu ngexesha lobomi bombhali wanxibelelana ngokusondeleyo.
Imemori
- Kwinoveli yokugqibela, owahlala engenamvuzo, e-Shishkov wanikwa umvuzo, kwimemori yophumeleleyo ibhaso le-stalinist kwidolophu yaseBetztk, evula imyuziyam. Igama le-vnylav yakovlevich lifumene isitrato ePushkin, kunye neenqanawa zabakhweli kwi-lena kunye nemilambo yeYenai.
- Emva kwemfazwe kwiindawo zokuhlala, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nokuvutha kombhali kuvela, ukuzukisa kwakhe kwaseka abafundi abafundileyo. Kwi-Shishkov ethandekayo, ii-Urals zenza izinto zendawo, omnye wabo yayiyingoma, eguqukela kwindlela yeChuy.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1908 - "i-cedar"
- Ngo-1916 - Taiga
- Ngo-1916 - "Siberia Tale"
- Ngo-1923 - "Vataga"
- Ngo-1924 - "i-teckup lake"
- Ngo-1930- "Abafazi"
- Ngo-1932 - "uMfula we-Ugrym"
- Ngo-1942 - "Ifani enekratshi"
- Ngo-1945 - "Emelyliv pugachev"