I-Maximilian Robspierre-Ifoto, Biography, ubomi bomntu, unobangela wokufa, isiFrentshi

Biography

I-Maximelian Robspierrere yinguqu yesiFrentshi kunye nezopolitiko. Udlale indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu enkulu yaseFrance. Ngokuxhasa ukubhukuqa kwenkosikazi kunye nokuphila kweRiphabhlikhi, iRobspierrere yabeyintloko ye-voves comm.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

Igama elipheleleyo lenguqu - Maximilian Marie sidore de Robsierrere. Wazalwa kwiirandi nge-6 kaMeyi, 1758. Utata wayesisikhumbuzo, kunye nonina - intombi yobutyhili. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumntwana ongumdala kusapho, apho abantwana abane bavela kamva. Ngo-1764, kwangoko emva kokuhanjiswa, i-heir yesihlanu yafa, kwaye emva kweeveki ezimbalwa nonina.

Ngo-1766, iRobspier-sr. Ishiye usapho kwaye yashiya iFrance. UMaximian noMzalwana uAugusten wayekhathaleleke ngotat'omkhulu kumgca mamama, kwaye aba dade baya kumakazi ovela kuBawo. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumfundi oqeqeshekileyo. Utatomkhulu waqiniseka ukuba umzukulwana ufanele ubopha i-biography ngokuqalisa, eyayiza kuzisa umvuzo. Kodwa ikamva le-robspierre laveliswa ngenye indlela.

Impumelelo yakhe kwizifundo zabo batsala umdla wabahambi ngeempembelelo. Kaminik Eme ocela uMaximelian, kwaye wafumana imali yokufunda ye-saint-vas abbey, equka iivili ezingama-450. Le ndoda ithunyelwe eParis, kwiLouis yeLouis Great. Imeko yemali yenye indoda yayiyintlekele: izalamane azinakumnceda. Kodwa waba ngoyena mfundi ubalaseleyo kwiiklasi eziphezulu. I-robspierre yayisazi kakuhle i-latin, i-Greek, i-rhetoric kwaye yathanda abantu.

Ukukhetha umsebenzi wexesha elizayo, iMaximilian ikhethiwe nguGurispridence. Emva kokuphumelela kwi-sorbonna kwaye ukuba lilungelo le-bachelor, ngo-1781 iRobspierre yafumana ilayisensi. Igama lakhe lokugqibela labandakanywa kwirejista yamagqwetha kwiPalamente yeParis.

Ubomi Buqu

I-Mubrimorian ye-Mubsilian yayinguEleanor Dupla, utata wayo ixesha elide anika igqwetha. Ubuhlobo kunye nomanyano kwiimbono zezopolitiko ziphawula ukuqala kolwalamano lothando.

Ezinye iingubo eziqhelekileyo ze-romespierre zaxoxa ukuba i-Manimilian yenza isicelo sentombazana, abanye bayakhanyela. Ngayiphi na imeko, eli tyala alizange lize emtshatweni kwaye isibini sasingenabo abantwana.

I-Eleanor yasindisa intanda iminyaka engama-38, kwada kwaba sekupheleni kobomi, yaye ke isijwili kuye, singaguquki.

Uhlaziyo lwesiFrentshi

Emva kokuba ungene kwiBhodi yamagqwetha kwiBhunga laseArto, iRobspierrere yayinomdla kwezopolitiko. Ngo-1789, wayephakathi kwabalishumi ali-12 ama-Artors osebenze ngokubanzi. Ukusuka kwi-Taximiling yePhondo lePhondo yePhondo yajika yaba sisithethi emva kwesithethi. Kum-1789, wathetha iintetho ezingama-69, kwaye ngo-1791 - sele engama-328.

Ukuba ube nguYakobi ngo-1789, umFrentshi wajika waba ngumxhasi wentshukumo enkulu. Ukuxhasa izimvo zikaRusso, wagxeka ukutshintsha kwenkululeko. Ngomsebenzi wentando yesininzi kunye nokunyaniseka kwimigaqo yeRobsivrest yafumana igama lesidlaliso. Emva kokupheliswa kweNdibano yesiZwe ngonyaka ka-1791, waba ngumtshutshisi woluntu kwinkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye waqhubeka esenza umsebenzi osele eParis. Ezopolitiko zachasa imfazwe ne-Austria, ziyithobele iluncedo kuphela ngamandla amapolisa kuphela, kodwa babencinci.

Uhlaziyo lwaluphakathi kwabahluthweyo kwisifungo se-ofisi ye-ESTATE. Wayethathe inxaxheba kulungiselelo lwesibhengezo samalungelo oluntu, kunye noMgaqo-siseko we-1791. Ukutsala ukurhoxiswa kwesigwebo sentambo, uRobspierrere akazange afumane inkxaso phakathi koThixo. Ngeli xesha, amaFrentshi ayengaphantsi kunangaphambili, amanye amajoni afudukela kwicala lomchasi, ukuzithemba kwamandla wawa.

Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-Getty

Kwiphephandaba "umkhuseli woMgaqo-siseko", ipolitiki yabhala ukuba ilizwe lifuna inguquko. Ngo-Agasti ngo-1792, kuye kwenzeka imvukelo. UMaximilian wangena kwi-Parsis ye-Parsis Poris, emva koko enyulwa kwindibano eyayisiya kwi-george jacques danon. Ke yaqala ukusebenza ngokuchasene nooGirondist. Inkokeli yakwaJamani nabantu bakhe abathandanayo babekholelwa ukuba abachasi banqwenela ukubuyiselwa kobukumkani. Kwibusika ye-1792nd robprerere eqengqelwe ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kweLouis XVI ngaphandle kwetyala. Ukubulawa kukaKumkani eGuellotine.

AmaJamani ahamba nge-rapprochement ene-sanzimbates, edimaze inkxaso ye-radicals egameni leqela elibekiweyo. Le ndibano yamkele umthetho ekumiselweni kwexabiso elimiselweyo lesonka, kwaye uRobspherierrere wangeniswa yinkxaso ye-paris commar. Meyi 1793 iphawulwe yimvukelo apho ii-girondist zilahlekile khona. Ukubanjwa kwabo kuyacaphukisa imvukelo ye-Federal, eyayikufeza i-marati yaseJapan - i-Marat Marat.

I-chaos ihambisa elizweni, kwaye i-capvent yagqiba kwelokuba ilungiselele amandla phambi kweekomiti, ebanika amandla abanzi. I-Maximilian Rodespierre yangenela iKomiti yoSokonga, ebonisa i-vector eyonayo. Ukulwa nokungasesikweni nokungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo, waba ngumchasi wakwaDanton nabalandeli bakhe ababekholelwa ukuba inkxwaleko ingamiswa.

Umsebenzi wenguqu, iNkokeli yakhe yabona ukwakhiwa koluntu olutsha lwefomathi, isiseko sokuziphatha kweRiphabhlikhi kunye nenkolo. Inkolo yeOyena Uphakamileyo, wachaza kwiSoftware yokuthetha. I-robspierre ithathe inkwantyo ngesi sixhobo kuphela sokufezekisa injongo.

Ukuphela kweMfazwe ne-Austriya yavumela uMgaqo-siseko we-nyaka ukungena. Ngoku iFrance ilawula iicopu zomthetho. Iikomiti zachithwa, kwaye isigqeba sasikelwe umda kwisakhelo somgaqo-siseko. I-Robspierre yaqalisa ukubandakanyeka kombuso kwimveliso ngokufunda kunye nokulawula ukuveliswa kweemveliso. Umsebenzi wencwadi ngokuthe ngcembe ngoomatshini. Ukutshona kwelanga komsebenzi wakhe, eli lizwe labuyiselwa emva kwentlekele yoqoqosho lweminyaka eli-10.

Ekuqaliseni kukaYakin, indibano igwetywe isithintelo senkululeko yonqulo, kodwa salalanisa neCawe kumbandela wehlelo loyena mntu uphakamileyo, akazange afikelele. I-France ihleli ikwimeko yehlabathi. Oku kukhokelele ekuhlaziyeni kwenkqubo yemfundo, ngokwahlukeneyo kwicawe, ukwahlulahlula i-loctional and ubuchwephesha kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso kwicandelo lobugcisa nesayensi.

NgoJuni 1794, umthetho wangena amandla, ebandakanya isohlwayo sokungqubana kweRiphabhlikhi. I-Maximilian Rodespierre yenze isohlwayo sabahlobo bakaDanton, saza saqalisa isenzo sokuhlonipha inkolo ye-Ophakamileyo. Abarhanelwa abazifumananga kukhuselo nenkxaso, kunye nokuthandwa kweRobspier Wawela. Yaqala ke inkxwaleko enkulu, apho babefudula benobukrelekrele bukaYakin.

Nge-27 kaJulayi, emva kwe-9 ye-thermardore (kwiKlenda yaseRiphabhlikhi), i-rintary kunye nabantu abanengqondo efanayo nenkundla. Ukuxhathisajikajika kulilize, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba njengabavukeli balinde ukubanjwa. Ngenxa yeyelenqe, babhengezwa ngaphandle komthetho. I-Maximian Rodespier iyonke.

Ukufa

Nge-28 kaJulayi 1794 Robespherierl wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa yayikukubulawa kwe-fenelotine. Ngakuye kwakukho ii-chickons ezingama-20 kunye nomntakwenu uAugusten. Kwincwadi malunga nembali yaseFrance, babhala ukuba kulo mzuzu ukuwa kovukelo olukhulu lwaseFrance lwaqala.

I-Prophespierrerere ngoku iprintwe kwiincwadi zezifundo, ibiza inani eliphikisayo lelo xesha. Amangcwaba alowo akekho, kodwa kwiParis Pantheon kwi-firdier yomiselo isungulwe.