Biography
U-Eugene Xu ngumbhali waseFransi wenkulungwane ye-19, umbhali weenoveli zentlalo nengqondo. Wayesebenza kwintsimi yoncwadi oluninzi kwaye ithathwa njengomsunguli wohlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa ngoJanuwari 26, 1804 eParis. Igama lakhe lokwenyani nguMarie Joseph Eugene. Kwixa elizayo, kwaphunyezwa ukuba kudaleke iPseudugomm.
UMarie Joseph wavela kwintsapho kagqirha. Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo wadlulisela indlela yomsebenzi ovela kugqirha oqhelekileyo ukuya koyena mgcini uphambili kumlawuli. Wayengabahlobo kunye ne-napoleon Boonaparte, kamva yaba ngugqirha wasebukhosini. I-thixo kaThixo yaba ngamalungu osapho lwabasebenzi bakarhulumente: UCWANGCISO LOKUQALA KAYEHOVA kunye nePrince Exgy Bogarne.
Inkwenkwe ichithiwe. Wabekwa ngokungekho sithixo, wafunda ekhaya kude kube yiminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Emva kokuba le ndoda yanikwa kwiZiko leMfundo e-Elite - iKholeji de Bourbon, apho wafumana khona imfundo ebalaseleyo. Utata waphupha ukuba uNyana uyaqhubeka neshishini lakhe kwaye waba ngugqirha. Kodwa ngexesha lesifundo sakhe, wakhokelela indlela yovuyo yokwenene: I-KTUIL, iyonwabisa kwaye yafumana inani elikhulu labahlobo abanesidima.
Amarhe malunga nokufika kukaMarie kuJosefu ngokukhawuleza afikelela kuBawo. Uninzi lwazo zonke wavuya ngosapho lwe wayini ye wayini. Iinkosi zihlala zinikezelwa ngokunyuka, njengophawu lombulelo ngomsebenzi onamandla weewayini ezinqabileyo. Kwixa elizayo, banqunyulwa kwitafile ngexesha elibalulekileyo. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile iindwendwe azizange zithande iziselo ezikhulu. Ngesinye isihlandlo, uJean-Lilist wambamba unyana wakhe kunye nabahlobo bakhe kwiCellar yokusela iwayini eyahlukileyo kwaye bathathe indawo yexabiso eliphantsi. Oku kuguqule isitya somonde we-Eminenthety, kwaye i-hood echwayitileyo yagxothwa nguyise ukusuka kwiParis.
Kwixa elizayo, isohlwayo siphindaphindeka kabini. Kwacingelwa ukuba ukugxothwa kuya kunceda ukuza kumfana kwaye kuthatha ingqondo. Ngenxa yoko, uJosefu uYosefu wathunyelwa njengogqirha wasemkhosini wokulwa ngeendlela zokulwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebutsheni bakhe, uEugene wayemhle, osisityebi kwaye enandipha impumelelo kwabafazi. Emva kokusweleka kukatata ngonyaka ka-1830, uRumors waya nalo Sy Jr. Ngaba ubudlelwane buphathane noxinzelelo ezintathu, kodwa oku akuhambelani nenyani.
Emva koko intanda yakhe yayingumtsalane we-kurtisanka ye-yaseKurtisanka eKurtene. Wayesele enxibelelana nombhali Onor De Balzac, otalende oxabiseke kakhulu, kodwa ndanyula uEzhena. I-idyll ye-Olimpiki kunye ne-xi ithathwa ixesha elincinci: Umfazi wamshiya waya kwi-Italian Commser Josser rossini.
Akukho nto yaziyo ukwazi malunga nobomi bombhali kunye neenoveli ezikhulu. Inzondelelo yokugqibela yayingumzala waseNapoleon III Marie de Solm.
Iincwadi
Ngo-1825, i-Eugene iqala ukuzama imikhosi kuncwadi. Ekuqaleni ubandakanyekile kule nto ukusuka ngesithukuthezi ukubulala ixesha. Ndikunye nabahlobo, umfana osebenza edaleni imidlalo eyahlukileyo.Ngo-1830 Ufa i-Si-M-M-M-M-MISI kwaye ushiye unyana ngesigidi seLizwe. I-Eugene ihlale eParis kwaye ikhokelele ubomi bedamy yehlabathi. Lo mfana uqhayisa imali, utyelele ii-salons ezininzi kwaye uxakeke kakhulu kubuchule bokubhaliweyo.
Emva kwemidlalo, izibongozo ze-picgeous ukuya kwiinoveli, emva koko kwiinoveli zenqanawa. Ukanti, ngenxa yokuba kuhambo lokulwa, wafumana amava axabisekileyo, okulungele ukwabelana nomfundi. Kwimisebenzi yeli xesha, impembelelo ye-Pokeemisor Cooper iyabonakala. Ukusuka phantsi kwepeni, amabali azaliswe ngabantu abathandanayo kunye nomoya wokuzonwabisa: "Crank-Pirate" (1829), "Gypsy" (1832), "uKoatn I-Watchtower "(1833).
I-Eugene ikhawuleza iba ngumbhali wemfashini kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wolutsha lwegolide. Ukungena kumfanekiso wethemba ophoxekileyo ebomini, ngokungapheliyo ngabaphulaphuli: UQHELISIWE NGABAKHANYA: Akha i-opic ye-opium, owakha i-cynic kwaye ahlukane naye, elungisa i-antics.
Umhlolokazi, emva kokubona ubunyani bokukhanya okuphezulu, i-Eugene yenza isigqibo se-Aristocrats. Kwiminyaka yee-1830s, umbhali ujongana ne-prose yentlalo kunye ne-sarere ye-satire ye-stor engafanelekanga. Yonke le nto iyenza ithandwa ngakumbi. Yena neentshaba zokuqala ziyavela. Iingxowa zoncwadi ze-bourgeois zenza icebo ngokuchasene nombhali, omkhokelela ekonakaliseni.
U-Eugene ubhenela kwizihloko zembali. Kwimisebenzi yakhe "LaTremon" (1837), "uMarquis De loMlawuli" (1839), "uJean Cavale" (1840) avela. Kwisifundo seMbali, umbhali ufumaya kwikhaya kwaye wenza i-salon, indalo ekhanyayo: "UTresa Runcee" (1832), uTereula Roye "(1842). URoma "uMatilda" (1841) wafumana ukuthandwa kwakhe kwanakwaseRashiya. Inguqulelo yayo ukuya kwiRussia yacwangciswa ukwenza i-Deser Dostoevsky.
Yonke le nto ayisiyo imisebenzi esisiseko yombhali, kodwa ilungiselela. Ubuqaqawuli bokwenyani bafika e-Xu emva kokuyilwa kweenoveli ze-adventaurauraurauras ze-1840. Kwi-1841, i-Eugene idibana nabasebenzi ababumbaxa. WayenguMongameli kunye nesithethi esibalaseleyo. Lo mfana wathanda umdla umbhali unemibono yakhe kwaye wamnyanzela ukuba ajonge abasebenzi ngamanye amaxesha.
I-SUIRS ivela ukukhusela abantu abalula kwaye zityhola zonke izinto ezingonwabisiyo. Ngeli xesha, iinoveli ezidumileyo zombhali "yeParis yeParis" (1842-1843) ziyapapashwa (1842-183), "I-jam engapheliyo" (1844-1845) kunye "nemfihlakalo yabantu" (1849-1857). Imisebenzi yabhalwa ngohlobo lwe-farton kwaye ishicilelwe kumaphephandaba welo xesha. Abafundi babelinde lonke inani elilandelayo benzala ngomdla. Oku kwandiswa ukusasazeka kwamaphephandaba, epapashe i-Xu, amaxesha ngama-20.
I-Eugene yonwabile ixhasile inguquko ye-1848 kwaye inomdla kwezopolitiko. Wayibona kum imfuneko, njengoko wabhala "kwiimfihlo zabantu." Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wawunqatshelwe, kwaye umbhali watyholwa ngokucela ukubhukuqa kwamandla, ukukhuthaza ubundlobongela kunye nezimvo zontlalontle.
Ukufa
Emva kokudibanisa iimitha ezili-1851, yasuswa kwisalathiso sokuzithandela esingaphaya kweFrance. Kumangalileyo, akazange ahlale engasebenzi. Ngo-1857, indoda yasweleka ngequbuliso kwiimeko ezingachazwanga. I-autopsy ayiveliswanga-unobangela wokufa awufakwanga.
Ugqirha Francois venan spasilil watsho ukuba i-xusnes. Ngo-1863, umhlobo wombhali upapasha incwadana enemifanekiso ethi Incwadana ene-Ezhen yabulawa yimiyalelo yeNapoleon III. Umlawuli uthathile umzala wakhe kunye ne-Adventurer Marie Dan desms ukuba athandane nombhali ngelishwa. Lo mfazi uphumelele. Kwaye xa yayingamandla ayo apheleleyo, yatywina.
Emva kokusweleka kukaEzhena Marie wabuyela eFrance kwaye wafumana umvuzo wesisa ukusuka eNapoleon III.
Iikowuti kunye nee-pharisms
- "Akukho nto iluncedo emzimbeni kune-egos ebandayo; Indoda igcina ubutsha ixesha elide kunye nesi siqwenga somkhenkce esifubeni. "
- "Umphefumlo Wokuntu yincwadi yamatywina aSixhenxe."
- "Umbutho ucinga malunga neKare kwaye xa ungakhathali ngokuthintela ububi."
- "Ingamampunge embalwa, nakuphi na ukugungqa kulungile."
- "Impindezelo sisitya esifanelekileyo ukubanda."
I-Bibliography
- I-1829 - "Crank-Pirate"
- 1830 - "Gypsy"
- Ngo-1831 - "I-ATAR GUL"
- 1832 - "Salamandra"
- 1833 - "I-Koyahhan Watchtower"
- Ngo-1837 - "I-Laremon"
- 1838 - "Artur"
- Ngo-1840 - UJean Cavale
- 1841 - Matilda
- I-1842 - "Hill Hill"
- 1842 - "Teresa Duncee"
- 1842 - "Paula Mond"
- 1842-1843 - "Iimfihlo zeParis"
- 1844-1845 - "I-Agasfer, okanye ulwelo olungapheliyo"
- 1849-1867 - "Imfihlakalo yabantu"