Biography
UAndrei Tuppolev ngumyili oye wavelisa ngaphezulu kwamakhulu eentlobo zenqwelomoya. Ukufezekiswa kososayensi kuphuhliso lwamashishini eenqwelomoya kunye negalelo kwisayensi ilingana neemfanelo ze-Sergey kwi-roct imfundo yemfundo. I-tupolev ye-tupolev ye-tupolev ye-pharyd yabafundi ababeqhubeka nobomi bakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali we-omperism "bhabha kuphela inqwelo-moya entle" ivele kwi-1888 kwilali ekhoyo yePhondo lePustovavovo. U-Andrei-owesithandathu wabantwana abasixhenxe oMna-MALIRY, umahluko kwi-cossalais nikolai ivalev, ukubandakanyeka kwezolimo, kunye nobungqina buka-Anna Vasneevna.
Xa wazalwa uAndrew, utata wakhe wayeneminyaka engama-46 ubudala, kwaye umama wayeneminyaka engama-38. Inkwenkwe yayinabantakwabo-38. Kwanabantakwabo uKodwa, kunye noodade baseTaya, noVera noMasha. Utata akazange avumele amalungu osapho ukuba angenelele. Ngokweenkumbulo zomyili wenqwelomoya, ebuntwaneni wawudlulisela umgama phakathi kwezipiko ezimbini zaseRussia, zaza zaza nezakhono ze-acpentry kunye nezakhono zokulungiswa kwentsimbi.
Amandla okusebenza ngezandla zakhe ayeluncedo no-Andrei nakwi-Tver Gymnasium, nakwisikolo saseMoscow, apho umfana weza khona iminyaka engama-20. Kwiziko lemfundo lemfundo, abazali abakwazanga ukuhlawula ukhenketho lwezixeko zoBukhosi baseRussia, ezaziphakanyisiwe ukuba ziye kubafundi. Emva koko uAndrei wamnika umphathi weGymnasium ukuze athenge iimodeli zenqanawa ezenziwe ngazo. Intloko yeziko lemfundo lakhupha ngemali kohambo lweTupolev ye-Gymnasian isuka kwiingxowa-mali zoMbutho wabathanda iSayensi yeNdalo.
Kwisikolo sobugcisa, ngoku esinxiba igama le-nikolai banzan, amandla ka-Andrei wawaxabisa umfana uNikolai weLebhoradnamic. Ngo-1910, i-tupolev yayiyeyokuqala nangexesha lokugqibela ebomini balingenisa inqwelomoya - eyakhiwe kunye ne-glider, eyabhabha emlanjeni i-jauza kwaye yafika kwi-lethareoly efihlakeleyo.
Ebutsheni, umyili wenqwelomoya waba nomdla kwimisebenzi yotshintsho kwaye wangena kwiqela le-Serc. Ukusasazeka koncwadi olungekho semthethweni lwabanjwa. Ukusuka kwizitayile zasebukhosini zeTupolev, zakhululwa kuphela ngenxa yokufa kukatata, kodwa lo mfana wathunyelwa kwilizwe elincinci, kwaye wakwazi ukugqiba imfundo ephezulu eneminyaka engama-30.
Ubomi Buqu
Umsebenzi ophumeleleyo woyilo waba negalelo kwi-rering ethembekileyo kunye nolonwabo kubomi bakho. Ndikunye nenkosikazi yeJulia, uJulia Zhettitkova Tupolev wadibana, esebenza njengomongikazi esibhedlele ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Ekuzukiseni komfazi, uAndrei Nikolayevich kamva wabiza intombi, eya kuba ngugqirha wakhe, nomzukulwana wakhe.
Ngokubhalisa kwirejista yomtshato kunye nomongikazi oLungileyo, i-tupolev yazinza kwindlu kamama. Umama kaYulia, ovela kwimvelaphi ye-nolia, okokuqala wajonga ukhetho lwentombi yakhe, kodwa, emva kokuba umkhwenyana wawuseka amanzi ashushu aze akha i-oveni engatshayiyo, etshintshe i-Andrei.
Umfazi waqala i-tupolev enomncedisi onokuthenjwa, umguquleli kunye nomyili ongaqhelekanga we-tupolev yenqwelo moya ye-TU-70 ne-TU-104, ekhokelele ekukhetheni izibane kunye neendwangu ze-upholstery yezihlalo. Kwiminyaka evuthiweyo, uYulia Nikolaevna ehamba nomyeni wakhe kwihambo yangaphandle.
I-TUPOLEV idluliselwe kuMphathiswa we-Drimery Ustinov, Umphathiswa WezoMphathiswa Wezemifanekiso waseSoviet Mikhalkov kunye nombhali wamagama afunda iincwadi malunga nee-autographs malunga nee-autographs malunga ne-autograph yomalume. Phakathi kwezinto zokuzonwabisa zika-Andrei Nikolayevich yayikukuzilima kunye nokuzingela izaziva. Ebuntwaneni, abazukulwana beTuppolev badlalwa ngeentome zokhuni ukuba uMakhulu Mastermille Masterlille kwiiyure ezonwabileyo kuzo.
Inzala yomdlali wenqwelomoya waqhubeka nobukumkani bakhe. Unyana uAlexei oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala wasebenza kuKita njengoMyili waza wavelisa umsila we-fuselage ye-TU-2, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje ekhokelwa kwi-Aerodynamics kwi-Avied Avied Avise Constiation Avise Constiches kwaye yenze i Inqwelomoya yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeHlabathi. Ngo-1995, uAlexey Andreevich uthatha inxaxheba kwi-tikhonov - i-tikhonov-tikhonov ibhloko kunyulo lwe-duma.
Umzukulwana ka-Andrei Nikolayevich, ogama linguTat'omkhulu, ngoku yintloko yeziko lezifundo zentengiso ye-Ojcc. Inqwelo moya yayikukuthunyelwa koonyana bakaTuppolev vladimir vladimer vul.
Ulawulo lwe-Avia
I-TUPOLEV kunye notitshala wakhe uNikolay Zhukovsky wakwazi ukweyisela ubunkokeli beshishini leSoviet oselula kwishishini lokuphuhlisa ishishini lomoya wasekhaya kunye nokwenzeka kweshishini le-elektroniki. Kulula, kodwa i-Dararumin ihlala ithathelwe indawo kwiinqwelo moya kunye neenkuni ezibuthathaka kunye nentsimbi enzima.Oonobumba boMyili kunye neeleta zokuqala zamagama akhe zazilungisa amagama eenqwelo moya zeSoviet and tu. Kuyimveliso yengcinga yobunjineli ye-tupolev - i-Arm-25 inqwelomoya - i-valery chgalov yenziwa i-moscow ye-moscow - i-UDD kunye ne-United States yaseMelika.
Nangona kunjalo, i-pilot sigism levanevsky ngo-1935 ayikwazanga ukwenza inqwelo moya yangaphambi kwe-MOSCOW-San Francisco kwindiza yoluhlu lukaJoseph Stalin otyhola i-tupolev ngokungxama. Ihlulekile i-Arti-Arline yeArdine Armplane-20 ("maxim gorky").
Ngo-1937, uAndrei Nikolayevich kunye nenkosikazi yakhe babanjwa. Unyaka wokuqala wokuqukumbela ibinzima. Umyili akazange abetha, kodwa anyuke ngeeyure ezininzi emi. Ukongeza kwimvume, i-tupolev ikhutshwe yiminyaka emininzi yokusebenzisana nengqondo yesiFrentshi kunye nobunkokeli bombutho we-anti-soviet.
Umyili uqale wavumelana ngayo onke amanqaku otshutshiso, emva koko waqalisa ukubamba. I-TUPOLEV yagwetywa iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni, kodwa kungekudala imiqathango yayithambile. U-Andrei Nikolayevich kunye nabanye abalimi beenqwelo moya abavela kwi-Adycan intolongo batshintshelwa kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba "ngumsindo". Izazinzulu zazibandakanyeka kubunjineli kwaye zafumana isondlo esipheleleyo, kodwa zazahlulwa ziintsapho. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, u-Andrei Nikolayevich wakhululwa kwaye wafaka irekhodi lolwaphulo-mthetho, nango-1955 bahlaziswa ngokupheleleyo.
I-TUPOLEV, iphuhliswe yi-Bureau yeTuppolev Tu-2 (ibhombu ye-piking) yenza igalelo elikhulu kulolo loyiso: 750 lwenqwelomoya lophawu lwe-Bractal olwenziwe kumacala. Emva kwemfazwe, uAndrei Nikolaevich kunye ne-KB yakhe yadala ibhombu ye-TU-4.
I-TUPOLEV ikwabhaliwe kwinqwelo moya yokuqala yaseSoviet esebenzayo ye-tu-104, umkhweli wokuqala ongumkhweli we-pursercher tu-144, ifoto yakhe yathunyelwa kwi-Soviet Brand yowe-1969. Kwiminyaka engama-70s yenkulungwane yama-20, i-Okb, eyenziwe ngu-Andrey Nikolayevich, phantsi kobunkokeli bukaValentina Krnnyuk, waphuhlisa umatshini we-TU-160 nge-ge-gemet ye-wing yephiko.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-20 yenkulungwane yama-20, uAndrei Nikolayevich ngenxa ye-tuberculosis pumonia, ukukhanya kwasuswa. Oogqirha baxelele isigulana sokuba ungaphila ixesha elide ukuba uyakuphepha ukulayisha ngaphezulu. Ukubanjwa kunye nokusebenza nzima kukhokelele ekuphindisweni kwesi sifo.
I-TUPOLEV isweleke ephupheni ebusuku ye-22 kaDisemba ngo-1972. Ngorhatya olokugqibela, umyili wenqwelomoya wakha wakha wazakhela izicwangciso zeholide yehlobo eCrimea. Ingcwaba lengcwaba lika-Andrei Nikolayevich kwindawo ye-novodevichy ye-moscow.
Imemori
- Ngo-1979, uDaniel KHRANVITSKY wayisusa ifilimu "yamaphiko" malunga neebhayiloji zeTuppolev kunye ne-Gorgy i Igr Sikorsky e-US. Indima ye-Andrei Nikolayevich yazaliseka yi-vladislav strolechik, kunye ne-Igor ivanovich yenza uYuri Yakovlev.
- Igama le-tupolev linxibe iYunivesithi yoBugcisa kwiKazan.
- Ukusukela ngo-2018, igama lenzululwazi yabelwa kwi-Moscow isikhululo seenqwelomoya "Vnukovo".
- Izitalato zeTuppolevskaya kunye neTuppolev izitalato zombini zaseRussia, iPrague kunye neUlan-Ude, iKiev neAmsterdam.
- Ngo-2016, incwadi ka-Adeli nurmukametova "UAndrei Tuppolev" wapapashwa "kwizibane ezikhulu zeRussia".
- Nge-6 kaJuni, kwi-TV Channel ye-TV "inkwenkwezi", esele ikhuphe i-tupolev, i-pupriere yefilimu yefilimu "ye-wingd" yenzeka.
Amabhaso
- Kathathu i-her yoluntu (ngo-1945, ngo-1957, 1972)
- Ii-odolo ezisibhozo ze-lenin
- I-odolo yenguqu ka-Okthobha
- Ii-odolo ezimbini zesibhengezo ezibomvu
- Ohlonitshwayo ohlonitshwa kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji ye-RSFSR
- I-Lenninsky Prise
- Ibhaso likaRhulumente we-USSR
- I-Golded Adling Foi
- I-Leonardo da Vincice Paice