Biography
U-Melanie Klein waqala waphupha ngokuba ngugqirha, kodwa kwimeko yokuphilisa abantu ekugqibeleni, efunda imiphefumlo yabantu. Ibhinqa laziwa njengesiseko sokufumana umntwana wengqondo kunye nonyango lokudlala. Wakhokela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yengqondo, wabhala imisebenzi yesayensi kwaye washiya iLifa leMveli emva kwakhe, elixabiswayo ngenkalipho, ubumfihlo kunye nokuguqula.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Usapho lukaMelanie lwalungowamaJuda kunye nexesha lentombi yakhe ngoMatshi 30, 1882 bahlala eVienna. Utata waseMoriz Rieszeses kunye nonina weLibusissa babenomahluko oneminyaka engama-20, umntu, indoda yayinomtshato wesibini. Abantwana abane bazalelwa kuye.
Oko kwenzekile ukuba ebuntwaneni kwaye ulutsha lukaMelanie kwafuneka lusile kuthotho lwelahleko enzulu, ekhokelela kuxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo. Waqala walula udade wabo osele ekhulile, osweleke kwiminyaka eyi-8 ubudala. Amantombazana asondelelene kakhulu, kwaye oku kufa kwaba yintlekele yokwenene kwi-psychoanaly. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva waphulukana nomntakwabo, kwaye uBawo akazange abe xa le ntombazana yayineminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Basinda ngokufutshane nomama.
U-Melanie wayefuna ukuya emanyathelweni kayise, ugqirha ngumsebenzi. Emva kokuphela kwendawo yokuzivocavoca kwasekhaya, wayenenjongo yokufumana imfundo yezonyango, kodwa utshintsho lobomi buqu lwenze uhlengahlengiso kwezi zicwangciso. UKlein wayenabantwana, kwaye wakwazi ukuhlawula ixesha kuphela ekufundeni i-ART kwiDyunivesithi yaseVienna, kodwa uqeqesho alunakuphela. Emva kwexesha, ukuya kuncedo kunyango loxinzelelo ukuya kwi-psychoanalyst, eli bhinqa labonisa umdla kwi-psychoanalysis, echonge i-vector yebhayiloji yobungcali.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nomyeni wakhe uArthur Klyn, le ntombazana yaqalisa ukudibana kwiminyaka eli-17, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-4 waba ngumfazi wakhe. Ukuba nomlinganiswa onzima nongakwaziyo ukucebisa, uMelanie akakwazanga ukonwaba emtshatweni, owahlala iminyaka engama-20.Abathathu abantwana bazalelwa kwiintsapho, uMelitha, uHans no-Eric, nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane kunye nabo babenzima. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uMelanie wagxininisa ukubaluleka kothando, ukuvumela ukoyisa ukutshabalalisa kunye nobukrwada, ukuqonda nokuzithemba kunye nenkonzo yabo, akanakuphumelela. Unyana omkhulu wayemiselwe ukuba afe, nentombi, ebelanga, wayehlulekile ngokupheleleyo kunina. Uye wabandakanyeka kwi-psychoanalysis, kwaye ngomhla wokufa kukamama wavuma ukuya kumngcwabo wakhe.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Okokuqala ngqa, inzala ebonakalayo kwisixhobo somphefumlo womntu ngo-1914, emva kweminyaka emi-3 kamva, uMelanie sele eqalile ukwenza. Izinto zokuqala zokufunda zazingabantwana babo. Ngelo xesha, uKlein wayehlala eBudapest, apho waba lilungu loluntu lwengqondo yaseHungary. Kwangelo xesha, eli bhinqa ladibana noSigmund fruid, yaye kamva imisebenzi yakhe ichazwe kwiSikolo saseNeofriedist, apho, emanyathelweni, utata we-psychoanalysis eqhubeka nokuxela.
U-Melanie ugxile ekufundeni ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo kunye neentlobo zobutyala zibonakaliswa ebuntwaneni. Ngokuchaseneyo nobukrwada, waluthathela ingqalelo uthando njengamandla okusebenza kwengqondo ye-psyche. Nangona kunjalo, iminqweno etshabalalisayo kunye nendawo yokudakumba ebizwa ngokuba ngamanqanaba anyanzelekileyo ukuba ubuntu bugqithile ngexesha lophuhliso.
Ngo-1921, ibhinqa lafudukela eBerlin, kwaye kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva - eNgilani, eyayisesiphelweni sobomi bakhe. Apha, ukusebenza kunye nomsebenzi wophando ufikelele kwi-heyday. Uphando lwenzululwazi ishwankanyiwe kwiincwadi "Umona kunye nombulelo", "uthando, iiwayini kunye nokubuyisa", "ukuphuculwa kwabanye. Abalandeli bobuthathaka, ngokukodwa intombi yakhe uAna Freaud, wajoyina uMelanie kwimpikiswano, egxeka ukuhamba kwakhe kwi-orthoanalysis yengqondo.
Ngegalelo kwi-Psychology, eye yenze i-KLEIN, ingekabikho ngxabano. Kwangelo xesha, impembelelo yayo ikhokelele ekumiselweni kweqela leKleininsk kwi-British Peschoananalylic Society. Iingcamango zenzululwazi ziye zavela kunye noKhangelo lweSayensi Margaret Maler - Umbhali wethiyori yolwalamano lwento. Ukukhethekileyo i-psychoanalysis yomntwana, uMelanie wayesebenza nezigulana zabantu abadala, ukufumana ingcambu yee-neuroses zabo kwiimvakalelo zemvakalelo ezifunyenwe kubudala.
Ukufa
Iminyaka engama-35 edlulileyo yobomi i-Klein yayihlala eLondon. Apha umfazi wayenenxaxheba kwisayensi, ekhokele lo msebenzi waza wabhala iincwadi de kwafunyanwa ikhomo yekoloni. Esi sifo sikhuliswe ekuweni ko-1960. NgoSeptemba, uMelanie wenza umsebenzi, kodwa akakwazanga ukunceda, kwaye i-psychoanalyst yafa esibhedlele kwiminyaka engama-78. Unobangela wokufa yayikukuzibandakanya ubugcisa bokuprota. Umzimba wedlwengulwe kade eGold Golds Green.I-Bibliography
- "Ukuphuhliswa komntwana omnye"
- "Uphuhliso kwi-psychoanalysis"
- "Ingqondo yabantwana"
- "Uthando, iiwayini kunye nokulungiswa"
- "I-Oedipov ye-Oedipov ekukhanyeni kweealarm zakuqala"
- "Umona kunye nombulelo"