Biography
U-Abraham Masu wayengumthombo wengqondo yengqondo kunye nombhali wepiramidi ye-hierarchidic yabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo yomsebenzi kumhlaba wase-United States of America, indoda ikhuphe inani lamanqaku anesayensi oqhubekayo noluhlobo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Abraham Maslor Biography waqala ukwenziwa kwenkulungwane yama-20, wazalelwa eCalifornia kwintsapho enkulu. Ookhokho bezengqondo yengqondo, abameli bobume bobuYuda, ebutsheni bakhe babefuna ukuhlala kwilizwe labangxoweni.
USamuel Maslov noRosa Shilovskaya bafudukela eMelika ukusuka eRussia kwaye bahlala ngaphandle kweBrooklyn. Utata, uCelor oPhezulu, engekhoyo ekhaya ukusuka kusasa ukuya kuthi ga ngoku ebusuku, ukufumana imali yokugcina umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana abancinci.
Ndigcine inani elaneleyo lemali, usapho lwatshintsha indawo yokuhlala. Kuluntu olungezoJuda, inkwenkwe iqala ukudibana neengxaki ezininzi. U-Abraham wayehlala egculelwa ngenxa yembonakalo ecacileyo yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okufihliweyo kwiinkqubo ezimiselweyo.
Ngenxa yoko, ebuntwaneni, ibhotolo yayingumntu ovaliweyo, onesizungu, umntwana ongonwabanga, iincwadi ezivela kwilayibrari yendawo yathatyathwa ngabahlobo kunye nezintombi. Ulwazi, linethemba lomntwana kwimisebenzi ye-classics yoncwadi, yancedwa lixesha lokujongana noko bekujikeleza.
Esikolweni, inzala yabasebenzi bamaYuda yayiyinto entle yabafundisi, ngokubetha, waziqonda ezona zibalulekileyo. Inkwenkwe yayiyithanda iSayensi yeNdalo, i-Anatomy neMathematics, yonwabele uhlalutyo lwe-algorithms ye-arithmetic kunye ne-thegoriths kunye ne-theorems.
Kwiiklasi eziphezulu kwicebiso labazali, wakhula kwimbali yomthetho waza wangena kwiKholeji yezomthetho phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1920s. Kunyaka wokuqala, lo mfana wadibana nomvavanyi ovavanyiweyo e-Edwadford Titchener, i-Anglo-American ", uMbhali wamaphepha enzululwazi.
Phantsi kwempembelelo yomhlobo omkhulu, uAbraham watshintsha ubungcali kwaye wafudukela kwisixeko saseMadison, apho iYunivesithi yaseWisconsin yayikhona. Ukutsalwa ngoonobumba abancomekayo kuNjingalwazi Harry Frederik Harlor, i-biade yaseBrooklyn ngaphandle kweemviwo zengqondo.
Ukwazisa ngenkqubo yokucwangciswa kokufunda ngokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana, umfundi wafumana isidanga se-bachelor ngo-1930. Amabhongo avelayo ancedile ukubhala kwaye akhusele i-dissertation, abaphononongo bakholwa ukuba abaphumelele inkwenkwezi yayiza kuguqukela kwinkwenkwezi yesayensi kwixesha elizayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu kuluntu lweoyile bayazi kancinci, emncinci wathandana nomzala omncinci. Kwintsapho yezalamane, uMalume kunye notata, owazisa uBert Gudman, umfana wathunyelwa kwawo kwaya kwadi.Kubutsha bakhe uAbraham woyika ukwenza isindululo, ngaphandle kwalonje, umtshato wasemthethweni wenzeka ngo-1928. Umfundi waseyunivesithi waphuphuma ulonwabo eqonda ukuba ikamva elihle liza kubonelelwa ngombulelo kwiimvakalelo, inkxaso kwiqabane kunye nomsebenzi.
Ngokuqala kwenkosikazi yakhe, ugqirha wezengqondo waseMelika ngaphakathi waguqula ngaphakathi, iimvakalelo zanda rhoqo emva kokuzalwa kweentombi. I-heires yengqondo, ukuba ikhule kwaye ifumene imfundo, yaba ngabantu abasebenza kaburhulumente kunye nexesha lemibono.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Iprojekthi yokuqala ezimeleyo yebhotolo yanikezelwa isidanga sesayensi, umsebenzi wawusekwe ekuqwalaselweni kwemody yenkawu. Ukuphonononga ubomi bezesondo bokuvela kwinqanaba lokuziphatha, lo mfana uhlalutya inqaku ngalinye.
Emva kokukhusela i-thesis, uAbraham wazinza eNew York, apho wadibana khona nabameli beesangqa zengqondo zamaYuda. UAlfred Adler, uMax Vertheimer, uKurt Goldstein kunye noKaren Horney baba nezinxulumani kunye noogxa bakhe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930s.
Ekuqaleni, iSayensi yakuthanda uJohn brode usebenza, emva koko waqonda ukuba bagxile kuvavanyo lwelebhu. Ukuqwalaselwa komntu okusebenzayo kwendalo yomntu okuntsonkothileyo ibamba ingqondo yendoda ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ingcinga yonke malunga nokufundwa kwento yokuziqhelanisa, ayizange ithande oogxa, abantu abathandanayo nabafundisi-ntsapho. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wengqondo oqeqeshiweyo wabeka phambili izimvo ezintsha kwaye wayigawula indlela yabo.
Ukuba ngunjingalwazi weKholeji yaseBrooklyn, uAbraham wazisa imbono yabantu yobuntu, ngokuthembelela, ngokwahlukileyo kwiiSychoanalysts, ukuyalelwa kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokufunda esi sihloko silukhuni nesintsonkothileyo, wabhala amanqaku aliqela anomdla, kodwa aphosakeleyo.
Kwakuyimfuneko ukwahlulahlula umsebenzi wophando malunga namanqanaba amathathu ahle ngokulinganayo ngokunxulumana okukhokelela ekuvelisweni kweoli ye-piramidi edumileyo. I-hierarchy yeemfuno zabantu kunye nokubonakaliswa kwemiba nganye kumelwe ngabantu baseMelika ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950.
Iikhonsepthi ezintsha zaqhagamshelwa kwiinkcazo zokuziqhelanisa, amaxabiso akhoyo, ubuhle kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezidingo ezinqabileyo. Ilizwe "lamava athambileyo", echazwe kwimisebenzi eqolileyo, kuba uninzi lwabaphengululi-ntsapho lwalungumphambukeli.
Incwadi ethi "Inkuthazo kunye nobuntu" yayiqulathe imizobo yethiyori, kamva yamkelwe yi-karl rogers kunye noogxa bamazwe avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Abachasi bendlela entsha yokuhlalutya i-Psychology yengqondo ebonakalayo kwi-Presples kunye neekowuti ze-alogobbism kunye nenkohliso ecacileyo.
Ngaphandle koku, umzobo obonisa iimfuno zomntu ufumana ukuthandwa kwabameli bezandla eziqhubekayo. Le projekthi yayithathwa njengegalelo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nolawulo, kunye namachiza amaninzi.
Ukuhamba kwi-wogusology kunye nomnqweno wokhuseleko kulwazi, ubuhle kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuzibonakalisa kutyhilwe amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Phakathi kwabantu, ngokuthe ngcembe amanqanaba ephiramidi, eyayingo-Abraham Licoln, i-arlsese huxley kunye ne-Ainstein eInstein.
Umfanekiso obonakalayo obonakalayo uphuhliso lwendaleko lobuntu baba yeyona mpumelelo inkulu yesayensi ekuqaleni kwe-50s. Kwavela kwinani leencwadi zezifundo kwi-psychology eqhelekileyo kwintsimi yezixeko zaseMelika nakwiidolophu zaseYurophu.
Umbhali wawusentloko ye-faculty kunye nesebe kwiYunivesithi yoPhando lwe-Brenday kwaye waba ngumongameli womanyano lweengcali zengqondo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, amanqaku kunye neencwadi ezibhalwe ngu-Abraham Maslow yayiyipropathi yamaFrentshi, amaRussia, amaJashiya, amaJamani kunye neBritane.
IAmerican isebenze ngokusondeleyo ne-APREALS-Imagazini ye-PredPalogy Psychology "kunye neqela leendaba zeveki. Enkosi ngokubonisana nobuchule, iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinetalente eziqinisekisiweyo ngovavanyo.
Ekutshoneni kwelanga, iMaslow ixhasa iqela labaphandi kwiZiko leCalifornia, eSekelwe kwi-60s. Uye wanikela ingqalelo kumsebenzi woluntu lwenzululwazi, ezona ngcinga ziphambili ezaziwayo kwizangqa ezikhanyisiweyo.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala, egwebayo ziifoto, ibhotolo lahlulwa lisempilweni, okanye naziphi na izifo ezaziwayo ukuba kwaziwa okanye ngabantwana okanye umfazi osemthethweni. Emva kokufa, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ngoJuni 1970, oogxa bakhe baphawulwa kwisayensi yelizwe eliphuhlileyo.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1943 - "Ithiyori yenkuthazo yomntu"
- Ngo-1954 - "Inkuthazo kunye nobuntu"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ulawulo lwe-EvapsyComy"
- Ngo-1962 - "ukuya kwi-psychology yokuba"
- Ngo-1964 - "Iicawa, amaNqanaba kunye namava aphezulu"
- Ngo-1966 - "I-Psychology yeSayensi. Uvavanyo lokuqhuma "
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukuzithemba"
- Ngo-1971 - "Izibane ezitsha zeNdalo yoMntu"