Biography
Ugqirha we-Asfrian Alfred Adler ugqalwa njengenye yezona zazazinzulu zenkulungwane yama-20. Wabeka iziseko zengqondo yomntu ngamnye, ethabatha umntu onzima kwiimpawu zakhe zentlalo, kwaye wazisa amagama athi "ubunzima bokungenelela" kunye "nembuyekezo".Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ugqirha wengqondo wazalwa nge-7 kaFebruwari, nge-1870 eRudolfheim, ilali kwiNtshona ye-vienna, e-Austria-Hungary. Ungowesibini kwiipawlins ezisixhenxe (kwi-gown bir) noLeopold Adler, amaYuda.
I-biography ka-Alfred Adler yayintsonkothile, epheleleyo yentlekele kunye nokufa ebudeni. Kubuntwana, wafumana iRakhita, ngenxa yokuba kamva wafunda ukuhamba. Kwiminyaka emi-3 yaphulukana nomninawa wakhe omncinci, osweleke ecaleni kwakhe kwi-crib. Kwiminyaka emi-4 yokuthabatha ukuvuselelwa kakhulu kwemiphunga eyathethwa ngugqirha: Inkwenkwe ilahlekile. Ngokutsho kweenkumbulo zendoda, yayiyindlela eyamphefumlela ukuba abe ngugqirha.
Yonke i-Adler ecaciswe kwimibhalo yayisekwe ebomini bakhe. Njengomntwana, ugqirha wezengqondo wayethandwa ngoontanga, babafumana ezo mvakalelo zokuhlonipha nokulingana ezingakhange zinike usapho. Kamva wabhala ukuba umbulelo woluntu ukuba umntu akwazi ukubona amandla akhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwiminyaka yobudala, uAlfred wadibana nenkosikazi yakhe yexesha elizayo uRaisa Timofeevna Epstein, osikrelekrele nomanyano eRussia, obeza eViana ngenxa yotshintshiselwano. Umtshato odlalwa ngo-1897.Abantwana bazalwa - i-valentine (1898 R.), Alexandra (ngo-1901 g.), Kurt (ngo-1905 R.) kunye ne-cornelia, i-NELIN, okanye uNellia, okanye uNelli (ngo-1909). Oovimba baneefoto ezininzi zosapho olunobuhlobo.
Abantwana abaphakathi, uAlexander noKurt, wangena emanyathelweni katata kwaye ebopha ubomi kunye nengqondo. I-valentine ithelekisa indlela kamama - yaba sisiporho, esasicinezelwa kamva.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
I-Alfred Allfred Alfred Adler yaqala njengengcali ye-Ophthalmologist, emva koko yatshintshelwa kwi-neurology, kodwa inzala kwi-psychology yayisele iphelile. Iingcamango zakhe zinomdla kangako ngo-1902 uSigmund freud wamemela umntu osebenza naye ukuba ajoyine iklabhu yengxoxo ye-Lwesithathu yoMbutho wayo. Ngapha koko, i-psychoanalysis ivela kwezi ntlanganiso.
Njengabantu abaninzi, ubudlelwane kunye no-Adler nge-sigmund freud ayisebenzi. Ngo-1911, waphuma e-EcSnesnes Sound, nasemhlabeni kamva, waseka ubudlelwane bengqondo yomntu ngamnye. Ekuqaleni, abo baqondayo izimvo zika-Alfred zazifana nefilosofi ye-Friedrich Nietzsche, ezazinengqondo ye-psychoshalysis.
Ukucinga ukuphumelela ekwakheni isikolo esizimeleyo se-psychoperapy kunye nethiyori yobuntu. Wabeka umxholo, onokuthi aqwalasele intlalontle yengqondo yomntu ngokudibeneyo nemeko yakhe yentlalo. Kwangelo xesha, uAdler wayenobuchule bokugxininisa kunyango lweengxaki esele zikhona, kodwa ukuthintela imeko yabo.
Iimbono zokuqala zamadoda zichazwe kwincwadi ethi "I-Neroid". Sele kula maphepha, iikhonsepthi zokungaphantsi kunye nembuyekezo ziyavela.
Ingcali yengqondo ibhala ukuba ukungazi komntu ungazi ukuba kukho iingxaki zengqondo kuyasebenza ukuze kuguqulwe ukuphangatyeka okukhoyo-ngokomzimba, ukuziphatha, ukhuseleko - ukuphepha ukuphakama, oko kukuthi, ukuphelela. Endleleni, olu tshintsho lunokuma kuphela izithintelo zentlalo kuphela: Ukuphakanyiswa, okusingqongileyo, indima kuluntu. Adleler ikwakhomba kwingozi ye "SupestComPun". Umntu okufezekisile oku kuya kuba, njengommiselo, unxaniwe amandla, i-Egocentric.
Kwingcinga yakhe, uAlfred uthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwiinkumbulo zobuntwana. Kwincwadi ethi "Isayensi Live" i-Psychologist ibhala:
"Iinkumbulo zizikhumbuzo. Akukho zinkumbulo ezihleliwe. Ukusuka kwinani elingenakubalwa kwezinto ezenzeka emntwini, ukukhumbula kwememori ukukhetha ukugcina kuphela ezo zinto azibonayo inkcazo yeengxaki zengqondo. "Wayenomdla kwi-Adler nenkqubo yokuvela kwabantwana ukuba ikhanyise. Ukuthembela kumava abo, wacebisa ukuba owamazibulo ikwindawo entle, kuba inandipha kuphela abazali bakhe. Kodwa ngokufika kwabantwana besibini nabalandelayo, uqala ukuziva ehlazisiwe. Ubunzima bokuphefumla buyaphucuka.
Ngokutsho kokucinga, ngabantwana abadala bahlala bebandezeleka kwi-neurosis nakwimikhwa emibi. Le mbuyekezo yoxanduva olugqithisileyo ebuntwaneni, ngumsebenzi wokukhathalela izalamane. Abantwana abancinci, ngokuchaseneyo, bakhule, okukhokelela kuvelwano olubuthathaka ekuhlaleni. Kodwa abantwana abaphakathi abangafumani ntliziyo, okanye ukungabi nako ukunqongophala kokukhula kwabantu abaphumeleleyo.
Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto i-Adher ithathele ingqalelo ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenza unyango kunye noqeqesho ngaphandle kwabantu abadala ngengqondo kwaye hayi nabantwana, kodwa nabo bazibambile kwimfundo. Kwiminyaka engama-25, ugqirha wengqondo ufunda intetho ezikolweni, izibhedlele, amaziko kawonke-wonke. Uxelele abazali bakhe, oonontlalontle, ootitshala indlela yokukhula njani ilungu elifanelekileyo loluntu.
Ngokuyinxenye, ezi ntetho zabhalwa kwi-Adler Bibliografi: "Izengqondo yengqondo njengendlela eya kulwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomntu", "uqondelwa ubunjani bomntu", "malunga nomnqweno wokukhululeka."
Kunzima ukuvavanya igalelo elisebenzayo kwi-psychology eyenziwe ngu-Alfred Adler. Musa ukubala ukuba isuswe kangakanani na ukusuka kubunzima bokungaphantsi kunye nembuyekezo ebuhlungu.
Ezinye zeembono zomcinga zifumene impendulo kwi-neofredism, i-Pestalt Psychology, zibalulekile nanamhlanje. Iimbono zakhe zinamathela kumazwe amaninzi: i-USA, eCanada, e-Austria, eJamani, i-Itali, iJapan, njl.
Ukufa
UAlfred Adler wasweleka nge-28 kaMeyi, ngo-1937 e-Aberdeen, eScotland. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo sentliziyo. Batsho ukuba ubi esitratweni. Abadlula ngendlela ababeza kuhlangula, beliva igama, befaka imilebe yakhe: Kurt. Kwimzuzu yokufa, indoda ebizwa ngokuba nguNyana osondeleyo.Umzimba ungcatshe umlilo kwi-Warriston Crematorium e-Edinburgh, kodwa akazange anikezele izalamane zabo. Kwiminyaka emininzi, iintsalela zengqondo zaqwalaselwa njengelahlekileyo, kwaye ngo-2007 bafumaneka kwiindawo ezinolwazi nge-crematorium. Ngo-2011, i-Injini ngothuthu ethwelelwe kwiVienna yokungcwaba.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1912 - "Kwimpawu engaqhelekanga"
- Ngo-1914 - "Phatha Nokufundisa"
- Ngo-1919 - "elinye icala. Ubunzima "
- Ngo-1938 - "Umdla weNtlalo: Umceli mngeni"
- Ngo-1926 - "i-psychology nganye njengendlela yokwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomntu"
- Ngo-1928 - "Izincoko kwi-Psychology"
- Ngo-1929 - "umntu ngamnye wengqondo kunye nophuhliso lwabantwana"
- Ngo-1929 - "isayensi Lile"
- Ngo-1932 - "Indlela yokunyanga"