Biography
Nge-7 ka-Epreli, 2020, iminyaka engama-35 ubudala ukusukela ekufeni kukaKarl Schmitt - indoda enyanzelekile kwiSayensi yomthetho ngokomgaqo-siseko. Wabizwa ngokuba yigqwetha elithweswe isithsaba le-Reich yesithathu, inani alikho sityhafileyo kunoMartin Heidegger, umchasi wedemokhrasi yenkululeko kunye ne-Katolika awayezivumela. Kodwa kuzo zonke iintsilelo zobuqu, wahlala oyena mntu ubalulekileyo u-Theortist kunye negqwetha elidumileyo elikhusela iimfuno zeJamani ezinkundleni.Ubuntwana noLutsha
NgoJulayi 11, 1888 ePlettenberg, amaqabane ka-Schmitt azalwa enesibini yeendlalifa ezintlanu - unyana ka-Karl. Akukho lwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nembali kaBawo kunye nonina, ngaphandle kokuba intloko yentsapho enkulu yazibandakanya kwi-inshurensi yezonyango. Emva koko, inkwenkwe yanikwa ipension yamaKatolika yalapho, apho wayetyelele khona i-Gymnasium kaRhulumente. Ukufumana isatifikethi sokuqola, onesidima, owayenetalente ecacileyo yoncwadi, ecwangcise ukuqhubeka nemfundo kwifilology.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiBhunga loMalume, lo mfana utshintshile izicwangciso kwaye waqala ukuba nomdla kulawulo. Ngo-1907, weza eBerlin, apho wangena khona kwiDyunivesithi yaseFriderich wilihelm (kamva - i-humboldt). Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezili-12, waziva engaphaya kwehlabathi lesixeko esikhulu, wazifumana kwikomkhulu lelizwe laseburhulumenteni le-bavaria. Hlala apha uguqukele ukuba uphindezeleke - ngenxa yoko, lo mfo waba ngumfundi kwiDyunivesithi yaseStrasbourg.
NgeDyunivesithi yokugqibela, ubudlelwane babungcono kakhulu - ngo-1910, i-Dectoral Dissertation "kwimpazamo kwaye iintlobo zayo" zakhuselwa phantsi kobunkokeli be-Firian Vacer. Emva kweminyaka emi-5, iCarl iphumelele iimviwo kwisikhundla se-AFS, ngempumelelo, ukwazisa umsebenzi onomxholo othi "Ixabiso likarhulumente kunye nexabiso lesazisi".
IMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala yaba nefuthe kwizimvo zekamva legqwetha elidumileyo. Ngo-1915, uSchmitt wabhalisa ngevolontiya kwi-bavaria ye-bevant yedolophu yaseBavarich eMunich. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambili kwakungekho lithuba: Kungekudala wathunyelwa kwi-Sekela intloko yekomkhulu lemikhosi ye-1 ye-bavaria.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1915, uSchmitt waye "nothando ngexesha lemfazwe" - Indoda yatshata nePavel Doll (kari), eyazinika umdanisi waseSpain. Ngenxa yoko, emva kwesigameko esityibilikayo, kwavela ukuba lo mfazi wayengumntu olula. Ngesigqibo seNkundla yeSithili seBon, umtshato wawupheliswa ngo-1924.Kunyaka olandelayo, uKarl wathatha umfundi wakhe wangaphambili kwinkosikazi yakhe - uSerbka Dushku todorovich. Icawe imvume yokuqhawula umtshato neqabane langaphambili ayizange ibonelele, kanye kanye de kube sekufeni konyulo lwesibini ngonyaka we-1950s, le ndoda yayinokutyibilikwa kukukhupha. Ngo-1931, iinguqulelo zovuyo zenzeka kubomi besi sibini-ekuphela kwentombi yase-Antima, awayesinda ngayo uBawo kangangeminyaka emi-2.
Isayensi kunye nokuyila
Umntu ocinga ukuba ubhala imibhalo yoncwadiloriko kwaye wade wacwangcisa ukukhupha umjikelo wemibongo, wazanywa kwintatheli yokubumba, wafundisa kumaziko emfundo aliqela. Le yokugqibela ibandakanya iSikolo seMunich yoRhwebo, apho wadibana khona ne-max weber. Ngo-1919 waphawula ukuqala kwexesha elithukayo lendalo yeCarl, ukuba sele eze ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kweRiphabhlikhi ye-Weimar, "ezopolitiko kunye nozwilakheni" wavela ehlabathini.
Iingcali zikwabela i-bonie (ukusukela ngo-1922) noBerlin (ukusukela ngo-1928), xa umsebenzi wapapashwa, weza nguMbhali weHlabathi kunye nodumo lweHlabathi. Phakathi kwazo 'yimfundiso yezopolitiko "," ubuRoma bukaRoma "," imbali yokomoya "," ingcinga yobupolitika "," yogatya (igaraji) ye UMGAQO-NKQUBO "," IZAKHONO NOKHUSELEKO ".
Kunye nomdla kuRhulumente noMgaqo-siseko, incwadi yombhali, impapasho yombhali echaphazela olo qeqesho njengezentlalo, inkolo, iFilology yaseJamani kunye nefilosofi. UKarl wadala imigaqo kunye neengcinga ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla: inyani yezopolitiko, ukwahlula umhlobo kunye notshaba, ukulibazisa ukulalanisa, umgaqo-siseko-uMgaqo-siseko.
Ngaphambi kokuba amaNazi amemeze, wagxeka imisebenzi yabo, ekholelwa ukuba ayesongelwa ngomyalelo okhoyo ngokomgaqo-siseko, kwaye ngenqanaba elithile elithe labonisa ukuba bavinjelwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweli qela kubomi bezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, nge-1 kaMeyi, ngo-1933, indoda yangena kwi-NSDAP. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku - kunye nethuba lokuphembelela ukuphuculwa kwelizwe elizayo, kunye nendalo eqhelekileyo yokuzilolonga.
Ngaphandle kweengxelo ze-anti-semitic kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-Adolf Hitler kwimeko yokubulawa kwabantu abachasayo ngexesha "lobusuku bangoMbuso", i-SS ithathela ingqalelo igqwetha, kwaye isimo sakhe sengqondo esinentiyo kumaYuda. Emva koko, uKarl washiya isithuba seReiphesführera, nangona wayegcina isikhundla sonjingalwazi eBerlin nakwisihloko seBhussian Council.
Nge-30 ka-Epreli, ngo-1945, i-Schmitt yabanjwa yimikhosi yaseSoviet, kodwa yakhululwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuncinwa okufutshane. NgoSeptemba 26, abantu baseMelika bathabatha i-quorist ukuba bagcinwe, bakhululwe ngo-Oktobha 1946. Emva kweenyanga ezi-6, uCarl waphinda wavalelwa ukuba asusela nge-29 kaMatshi 13, 1947. Ekupheleni konyaka wakhululwa kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni ngaphandle kwezibonelelo, kwaye kamva evela kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Kwangelo xesha, isithandi-sobulumko khangela iingxelo zakhe ze-anti-semitic kunye nembono.
Kwiminyaka yee-1950s, i-bibliografi ye-bibliografi iphinda iphinde yaza yazala "ngumosi yomhlaba" - umxholo ohlanganisiweyo oquka "ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu babantu bendawo yasemhlabeni kunye neziganeko zoluntu, ilungelo lentlalontle kunye nelungelo." Ngo-1956 - iHamlet okanye iHubab, imveliso edumileyo kwicandelo lokugxeka koncwadi, kwi-1963 ithiyori yeTentres, ifakwe njengomqondo wezopolitiko ".
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi obude, uKarl, ongafikanga kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-100 yeminyaka nje emi-4, waqatshelwa i-sclerosis ye-cerlerasis, ekoncethiweyo. Umzekelo, indoda yayibonakala ngathi ilandelwa ngamaza kunye nezandi. Nge-7 ka-Epreli ngo-1985, e-Ista, igqwetha elidumileyo kunye nommeli wezakwalizwi wasweleka kwisibhedlele sase-Evangeelical kwiPlettenberg. Ukufa kufikile ngenxa yezizathu zendalo.I-Bibliography
- 1910 - "malunga nempazamo kunye neentlobo zetyala. Uviwo lwe-wimilmological "
- Ngo-1912 - "umthetho nomgwebo. Ukufundwa kweNgxaki yokuziqhelanisa ngokusemthethweni "
- Ngo-1914 - "Ixabiso likaRhulumente kunye nokubaluleka kobuntu"
- Ngo-1919 - "uthando lwezopolitiko"
- Ngo-1921 - "obekholisayo: Kwimithombo yombono wanamhlanje wolawulo kumzabalazo weklasi"
- Ngo-1922 - "Imfundiso yezopolitiko"
- Ngo-1923 - "Imeko yeLizwe kunye nezopolitiko"
- Ngo-1927 - "Ingcinga yezopolitiko"
- Ngo-1934 - "isixhobo sombuso kunye nokuwa kwe-Reich yesibini"
- Ngo-1938 - "ILeviyatan ekufundiseni malunga nemeko ye-thomas gobbs"
- Ngo-1942 - "Umhlaba nolwandle. Ukujonga Imbali Yehlabathi "
- Ngo-1950 - "Nomos Umhlaba"
- Ngo-1954 - "Ukuncokola Ngamandla kunye nokufikelela kwiNkosi"
- Ngo-1956 - "Hamlet okanye iHekaba"
- Ngo-1960 - "tirani yamaxabiso"
- Ngo-1963 - "ithiyori yeThutho: intetho ephakathi malunga nomxholo wezopolitiko"