Biography
Isithandi-sobulumko saseJamani kunye nengcali yezentlalontle uGeorge ebusika wazukisa imisebenzi enikezelwe kwimbali, i-Ethics, i-Aesthetics nenkcubeko. Le ndoda ibandakanyeka kwimfundiso yonxibelelwano lwasentlalweni kwaye yaba ngomnye wabasunguli bengxwabangxwaba. Umphandi wahlonitshwa ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, kodwa eyona ngcinga iphambili yeZimmel yaqikelelwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yamashumi amabini.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UGeorg wazalwa ngoMatshi 1, 1858 eBerlin. Bazali, amaYuda ngobuzwe, agqibe kwelokuba atshintshe ukholo, kwaye umama wabhenela kuLutheeran, notata wakhe kubuKatolika. UNyana wathabatha inkolo. Akuzange kuncede inzululwazi ukuba ithintele iingxaki ahlangabezana nazo kamva ngenxa yombono we-anti-semitic.
Utata uEdwa waphumelela u-Zaria Zimmel waphumelela eRhwebo, kwaye usapho apho abantwana abasixhenxe bakhula, babengazi nto. Wayene-thocolaterie simel, eyabonelela ngeKhowudi yeKing Prussia. Indoda isweleke xa unyana wakhe wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Umama wayengakwazi ukujamelana nobomi bobomi, kwaye uFranz wangena phantsi kukaJulia Riliarider, umhlobo wosapho. Wasinika umfana, ehlawulwa ngemfundo yakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseBerlin, apho iGeorg eyenze phi i-1876 ngokuphumelela kwi-gemnasium yeklasi. Eyunivesithi, uZimmel waqalisa ukufunda intanda-bulumko.
Umjikelo weSayensi yeNtlalontle eyunivesithi ifundwe ootitshala ababalaseleyo kwaye izazinzulu zikaJohann Gustav, eTheedore MOMMOMEEN, MoMOROR MOMMOME, MOOEDZ Latsarus, Heiman Steighthal. Iphefumlelwe ngumzekelo wabo, umfundi onenkani nomphuphi wawusebenzisa umsebenzi wesayensi, wabhala amanqaku kwaye wazama ukuzikhusela i-thessis, kodwa ayinakwenzeka kwangoko. I-Georgoue yakhanyelelwa ngaphandle kwengcaciso yesizathu esibonakalayo, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba ubuzwe bakhe badlala ngokuchasene nomphandi oselula.
Ukubonisa unyamezelo, ngo-1885, uZimmel usafumene isidanga sesayensi, ekhusela i-thesis yakhe kwisihloko esithi "ukufundiswa kweCant kwi-Sceckes kunye nexesha". Indoda yahlala ifundisa kwi-Alma Mater, kodwa ayinayo ireyithi engapheliyo, efumana umvuzo kuphela kwigalelo labafundi elalizimisele ukuhlawula iintetho zakhe. Ukuba sisithethi esinamandla ngeengcinga zoqobo kunye nendlela enomdla yentetho, uGeorge wayenempumelelo kubaphulaphuli kwaye wafumana udumo kunye nempumelelo phakathi kwabafundi.
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wokufunda kukaZimmel wafuduka ubunzima. Kwakufuneka anyamezele isikhundla esisezantsi somncedisi wabucala, kwanawo wafumana uburhulumente, isithandi-sobulumko sasala iyunithi yokwazisa eyunivesithi.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi kaZimme wayengumculi kunye nombhali uGertrude Kinel, apho indoda yatshata ngo-1890. Umfazi wabhala incwadi phantsi kwePseundenym Maria Louise Engkendorf. Ngo-1891, esi sibini sazalwa ngokuphela kukanyana kaHans, owaba ngugqirha. Intombi yakhe uMarianna, umzukulwana uGeorgion, waba ngugqirha wezengqondo.Indlu yosapho eCharlotterign-I-Weste yaba yindawo yeBerlin Intelligia, yayihlala inokuthi ibone i-Wieberligia, yayihlala ibona i-Wieber, imvula uMaria Rilke, edmussely.
Ubomi bukaZimmel buyekile ukuba bube se-serne emva kwentlanganiso kunye nomfundi uGertruda Kantorovich. Intombazana eyayifundisisa imbali yezobugcisa kunye nemibongo ethathe inxaxheba yaba ngumncedisi wenzululwazi, kwaye ngo-1904 wazala intombi yakhe. Le nyaniso yebhayiloji yenzululwazi ikwazile ukufihla kude kufe.
Intanda-bulumko
Ilifa likaZimmel lihlukane nezihlobo kunye ne-viestra yezo. Inzululwazi ithathe ikhosi yophando oluvela kwi-inzuzo, kwaye ke imisebenzi yayo ixhalabela ngaxeshanye kwiinkalo ezininzi: ifilosofi, inkcubeko, imbali, ezentlalo, ezentlalo, ezentlalo, ezentlalo, ezentlalo. Isampulu ye-bibliography ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba iingxaki ezibanzi nezingahambelaniyo ziye zazama ukuhlalutya umbhali. "Intanda-bulumko yemali", "izixeko ezikhulu kunye nobomi bokomoya", "ingxaki yembali", "umxholo" kunye nentlekele ityhila kuphela inkcubeko yendoda.
Isithandi-sobulumko sasibandakanyeka kwisayensi kuluntu, sijongane neendlela zokunxibelelana kwabantu, iingxabano zentlalo, inkcubeko yabasetyhini kunye nophuhliso lobunye ngokuphulukana nomanyano. Inzululwazi yaphazamiseka kukwanda komsantsa phakathi kweefom kunye nomxholo woluntu lwanamhlanje, obeziide ukuba ahlawule inkululeko yokuzizuza.
Ukulandela iKarl Marx, uZimmel wathetha malunga nokwahlukaniswa komqeshwa kunye neemveliso zomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nombhali "ikomkhulu" yayinomdla ngakumbi kwengqondo, endaweni yoqoqosho lwentlalo yale nkqubo.
Ukuthetha malunga nonxibelelwano kunye nokwahluka kweenkqubo eziphambili zobomi bentlalo, i-Georgo isebenze imixholo yebhulorho kunye neengcango, ezibonisa umnqweno womntu wokuyihlulahlula phakathi nangaphandle.
Igama lendoda yasebusika linxibelelene kakhulu nophando lweembambano zikawonke-wonke, awayezijonga kulo msebenzi "wentlalo: phononongo lweendlela zoluntu." Inzululwazi ibeka isiseko sengxwabangxwaba yanamhlanje, kwaye izimvo zayo kamva zaphuhlisa i-lewiologist yaseJamani lewis Kozer.
Ukufa
Okokuqala ngqa, umsebenzi osisigxina, inzululwazi ikwazile ukufumana ngo-1914. Unjingalwazi umenyelwe ukufundisa iYunivesithi yaseStrasbourg, kwaye wafudukela eFrance, ukwaphula unxibelelwano noluntu lwesayensi beBerlin. Apha, iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaZimmel yayiqhutywa apha, nto leyo ukuya kuthi ga ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala yahlala ngaphandle komsebenzi ngenxa yokuvalwa kweDyunivesithi. Eweniwethu, wagxila ekubhaleni incwadi. NgoSeptemba 28, 1918 Georg ayizange. Unobangela wokufa uye waba ngumhlaza wesibindi.Ii-pharisms
- "Umntu ofundileyo ngulowo uyazi ukuba ungakufumanisa phi na ukuba angazi."
- "Indoda enjengekabhokhwe ihlala ilusizi kunokuba yinto entle kakhulu kunexinzelelo."
- "Ukucombulula umntu kuthetha ukuba uyadlula ngaphaya kwemida kwambatha okomzuzwana."
- "Iimvakalelo zinikwa izinto ezingafundanga."
- "Umntu unokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngokubeka ubomi bakhe ukuba akhonze ulonwabo."
I-Bibliography
- 1890 - "Umahluko wentlalo. UPhando lwezeNtlalontle noPhathwayo "
- Ngo-1893 - "Iingxaki Zentanda-bulumko"
- 1893 - "Intshayelelo Imizukisi"
- Ngo-1900 - "Ifilosofi yemali"
- Ngo-1903 - "Iidolophu ezinkulu kunye noBomi bokomoya"
- Ngo-1905 - "intanda-bulumko yefashoni"
- Ngo-1906 - "I-Kant kunye neGeehe"
- Ngo-1906 - "Inkolo"
- Ngo-1907 - Schopenhauer kunye ne-nietzsche
- Ngo-1908 - "soluntu. Ukufundwa kweefom zoluntu "
- I-1911 - "Ifilosofi yeNkcubeko"
- Ngo-1916 - "Ingxaki Yembali"
- Ngo-1916 - "I-Rembrandt"
- Ngo-1917 - "Imibuzo Esisiseko yeSocology"
- Ngo-1918 - "Ukungqubana kwenkcubeko yanamhlanje"