Biography
UAlfred Marshall ukususela oko kubuntwana kakhulu kwisayensi awagqiba kwelokuba anxibelelane nobomi. Wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho, elamvumela ukuba ashiye umkhondo embalini kwaye achonge indlela yokuphuhliswa koqeqesho kwiminyaka elizayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlfred Marshall wavela nge-26 kaJulayi 1842 eLondon. Wakhuliswa kwintsapho yomsebenzi webhanki owayenenkolo kwaye eyahlukileyo, engqongqo, phantse iphose. Ke ngoko, umntwana ka-Alfred wayebandakanyeka kumfundi wakhe kude kube sebusuku, ngenxa yokuba ubuthathaka kwaye wabandezeleka ngenxa yokusebenza okungaphezulu. Uchithe ixesha elincinci noontanga kwaye wathanda ukusombulula imisebenzi yeChess.
Ekunyanzeleleni utata, umfana onesidanga kwiSikolo saseMorrent Taylors. Okokuqala, uMarshall waphosa iMathematics, kodwa ngenxa yentlekele yengqondo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba atshintshele kwifilosofi, emva koko abe nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ekhokelela kwinkanuko yoqoqosho.
Wafumana i-Funsership kwiKholeji kaJohn, apho ngo-1868 waqala ukufundisa. Ngeli xesha, lo mfana wabhala amanqaku kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe kwaye wafuna ukwanda kophando loqoqosho.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1877, indoda yatshata noMary Palei, owayengumfundi wakhe eCambridge. Bahlala kunye ekufeni kukaMarshall, kodwa abakhange bafumane abantwana. Akukho lwazi lwesayensi malunga nezinye iinkcukacha zobomi bomntu.Umsebenzi wesayensi
UAlfred wayephakathi kwabasunguli bee-micronommics. Imisebenzi yayo isekwe kwimigaqo-siseko yethiyori yeklasi kwaye inegalelo kuphuhliso kunye nokwandiswa kweembono zoqoqosho kunye nemisebenzi ye-Exhumi yaseMelika i-Elark ibe cwaka. Ukongeza, isazinzulu same kwimvelaphi yethiyori ye-neoclassical kwaye yayingummeli wesikolo saseCambridge edumileyo.
Kuphando lwezenzululwazi, uAlfred wafuna ukukhulisa umgangatho wokuphila kwabasebenzi, ethathe impembelelo yemfundo ngexabiso lemivuzo. Oku kwamkhokelela ekugxekeni kwemisebenzi yeKarl Marx, abathi le nto yokhuphiswano ibaluleke ngaphezu kwesiqinisekiso.
Incwadi yokuqala yayikuku "ishishini loqoqosho", ethi marshall adalwe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe. Wazama ukubhala ngolwimi olulula, oluqondakalayo kubantu abaninzi, kwaye wabekwa ngokubalwa kweMathematics kwizicelo zabasebenzi.
Kungekudala ngaphambi koko, indoda ishiye isikhundla sikatitshala kwiKholeji yaseSt. Ionna kwiKholeji kwaye safudukela kwiDyunivesithi yaseBristol, apho wafunda intetho kwi-Economics nakuqoqosho kwezopolitiko. Ngeli xesha, wabandakanyeka ekuphuculeni "uqoqosho lweshishini", eyapapashwa kamva kwikharityhulamu.
Emva koko uMarshall waqalisa umsebenzi "Imigaqo-siseko yesayensi yoqoqosho", awayenikela ngayo iminyaka eli-10 yebhayiloji yakhe. Ngeli xesha, inzululwazi ikwazile ukuba ngumfundisi-ntsapho e-Oxford, emva koko ibuyele eCambridge yokuthatha isikhundla soNjingalwazi wobutyebi bezopolitiko.
Umsebenzi opapashwe ngo-1890 wawunezimvo eziphambili ze-Alfred kwaye yenze ukuba ibe yi-england kuphela, kodwa nakwihlabathi. "Imithetho yesayensi yezoqoqosho" yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye yashicilelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, umdyarho.
Umxholo ophambili wethiyori yeNzululwazi yayiyindlela yokulingana ngokwenxalenye. Ukuchonga izinto ezichaphazela imfuno kunye nengcebiso, umntu wacela ukuphonononga ukuthengisa okuthile, ethabathela ingqalelo kwiindleko zobutyebi, ixabiso lempahla eyongezelelweyo kunye nengeniso yabathengi kunye neemfuno zabo .
Enye impumelelo yeMarshall yaba yimodeli, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumnqamlezo, okanye isikere. Lo ngumfanekiso wegraphic apho i-CROVE i-CROVE kunye nezihloko zihlangana kwindawo yexabiso lentengiso elilinganayo.
Ngobudala, impilo yenzululwazi yaqalisa ukuba mandundu, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye iyunivesithi aze ahlale ekhaya. Kodwa uAlfred uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya kuphuhliso loqoqosho, epapashi ishishini "lencwadi", kunye "nemali, ikhredithi nezorhwebo kunye neendlela zangaphambili.
Ukufa
I-neoclassi edumileyo ngoJulayi 13, 1924 endlwini yeCambridge, unobangela wokufa yayisempilweni. Ingcwaba lakhe likwindawo yecawa yecawa phantsi kwecawe yecawa. Kwanasemva kokuba umntu efile, le ndoda yahlala inefuthe kwimpembelelo kuqoqosho kwaye yashiya inkumbulo ngokwakhe kwimisebenzi embalwa kunye neefoto ezimnyama nezimhlophe.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1879 - "I-Service Economics"
- Ngo-1879 - "ithiyori emsulwa yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nethiyori ye-Net yexabiso elingaphakathi"
- Ngo-1890 - "Imigaqo yeSayensi yoQoqoqosho"
- Ngo-1919 - "Ishishini kunye noRhwebo"
- Ngo-1922 - "Imali, Imali mboleko kunye noRhwebo"