Biography
I-Hoakin Muriet, nguRobit Hood osuka e-El Dorado, - umzobo wembali ephikisayo. Abanye bayayiqonda njengomlinganiso woncwadi kunye nomfanekiso odibeneyo womhlali wase-latin America, owawuchasayo ulawulo lwamazwe athetha isiNgesi kumazwe aseCalifornia. Kodwa kukho abo babanga ukuba uJoaquin uncuthu lwenzeka nyani. Izimvo zibiwa kwaye malunga nendima yakhe: Ngubani le robin yaseMexico i-rood liqhawe okanye iqhawe elahlukileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kuba uJoaquin Murute ngumfanekiso wokuva, imbali yakhe ijikelezwe ngamarhe kunye noqikelelo. Zahlule kwizibakala ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kunzima ngakumbi. Oku kubonisa imbali uSusan Lee Johnson.
Kukho amanqaku aliqela okujonga kwanakanye kwimvelaphi yaseHoachin. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bayavuma ukuba indawo yakhe yokuhlala incinci yimeko yesonora, eMexico. Uninzi lwemithombo ibonisa ukuba: Indoda yazalelwa eHermosillo. Emva koko, umbhali-mbali uFrank Latt kwincwadi ethi "Joaquin Murlet kunye neqela layo lemigulukudu" (1980), ngokusekwe kwizifundo zeminyaka eli-10, ibonisa ukuba ivela eAlamos.
Enkosi kwinguqulelo ephindaphindiweyo yomRoma uJohn Rorolling Rillge "Ubomi kunye ne-Ho'quin Muriet" (1854) Rood Hood kwi-El Dorado kwaye wafumana ubumi baseChileyan. Oku akulunganga.
Ngokutsho kolwazi ngokubanzi lwamkelwa ngokubanzi, uJoequin wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1829 kuTata-oSebenza noRosseli Karrilo. Wazalwa nodade wabo ogama lityetyisiweyo, kunye nabantakwabo uYesu no-Antonio.
Ubomi Buqu
Ikamva lendoda yajika yaba yinto emfutshane kwaye yobuqili, kodwa ubomi bakhe bufunyenwe-i-mexico "yangena" kwifiliji yegolide kunye nomfazi wakhe uRosu Sosu Sosu Sosu Sosu Sosu Sosu Sosu. Kuyaziwa ukuba waphantsi kobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwaye wabulawa ngabafundisi-athetha ulwimi lwesiNgesi.Umsebenzi
Ukuqala komkhuhlane wegolide kwiCalifornia ibuyela kwi-1848. Umbane omatshini wokuzifaka iidipozithi weza evela eMexico, eChile nasePeru. Abemi abathetha isiNgesi babenomsindo ukuba ezona thambo "ze-golide zegolide zifumana i-Latin America. I-xenophobia yachuma.
Sele ngonyaka ka-1849, i-sersif smith, irhuluneli yaseCalifornia, yazisa abaphambukeli ngaphandle komthetho. Emva kokufumana i-cart-blanchest ofspes abantetho intetho isisiNgesi bokugxotha ubumnyama bodaka kunye namasimi, ngaphandle kokuvumela nokukhetha izixhobo kunye nezinto zakho. Emva kwexesha, abahlali baseLatin America bavunyelwa ukuba bahlambe igolide, kodwa umsebenzi wabo wawurhafiswa-$ 20 ngenyanga. Intshutshiso iyaqhubeka.
Kule meko ngo-1849, uHokin uncuthu, umfazi nezihlobo zakhe zafika. Iqela lihlala lihlawula irhafu kunye negolide ehlambe igolide. Oku kwaqatshelwa "ngabasebenzi-mhlophe" omhlophe. Ngokutsho kukaSusan Lee Johnson, bajongana noRosa Felis, iLichevali Yesu Muriet, kunye neRobit Hood ukusuka e-El Dorado Beat. Ke ngokungekho sikweni utyumkileyo ukuma phezu kwemfazwe.
UFrank Latt wabhala ukuba i-Joaquin ibe yiqela lemigulukudu, eyayiphakathi kwabantu igama elithi "iHoachinov", abanye bakwazi ukuba izalamane zakhe. Ekuqaleni, iingalo-mthetho zabulala abantu abathandathu abathabatha ubomi bukaRosa uFelis noYesu Muriet. Emva koko ugxile kurhwebo olungekho mthethweni lwamahashe kunye neentshutshiso "ze" proppesperidees "ezimhlophe".
Igama "I-Hoachinov ezintlanu ze-hoachinov" yazalwa kuba, ukongeza kwimipu emfusa, i-heakin boterarenlo, hoaquin okomonia noJoaquin vansella, zibandakanya amagama akhe.
Ngokutsho kwemithombo ethile, kuphela kwi-rong robin ye-rood ukusuka e-El Dorado Bot ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100 yegolide kunye ne-100 yamahashe, othetha i-7 yamaTshayina angama-28 athetha isiNgesi kunye ne-13. Inani lamaxhoba, nangona kunjalo, liyahluka. Izaphuli-mthetho zibhabha kathathu ekubonakaliseni, ukupeyinta kunye nemisipha yazo.
Ezi zenzo zaneleyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba abasemagunyeni baseCalifornia babhengeza ukuba ibhaso lentloko ye-hoakin vget kunye namagama akhe. Ngomhla we-18,53, oneminyaka engama-20 uqale ukubamba - zonke iingubo zemfazwe yaseMelika-yaseMexico. Uthando lweHarry luyenyuka kwintloko yephulo. Bafumene i- $ 150 ngenyanga, kunye nemeko ye-Prick Softwali-enye i- $ 1 lamawaka amawaka.
Ukufa
Iingxelo zembali zithi ngoJulayi 25, 1853, uburharha bajongana ne-Arroyo De Catita, kumda wentaba ye-Diablo Clara County, eCalifornia.Kwindlela yokuwela ubumnyama babulala ii-dimels ezintathu. Kutyholwa ukuba omnye wabo uhenyuze ngokwakhe, kwaye owesibini - uManuel Garcia, okwabizwa ngokuba nguJack ojikelezwe kakhulu, omnye wabahlobo odumileyo, omnye wabahlobo odumileyo wase-El Dood ovela e-El Dood kwi-El Dood kwi-El Dood kwi-El Dood kwi-El Dood kwi-El Dood esuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood kwi-El Dood kwi-El Dood esuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ukusuka e-El Dood ovela e-El Dood ovela e-El Dood ovela e-El Dood ovela e-El Dood ovela e-El Dood ovela e-El Dous. Abantu ababini bamaMediya ababanjiweyo.
Ukuba uyakholelwa le nguqulo, ukusweleka kukaHokin yayingumpu. Kodwa kukho amaNgqina axabana ukuba abahlali babulale oko. Ke, ngo-Agasti 1853, owazibhalwa kwiphephandaba iAlta ye-Alta California ukuba iHarry Uthando kunye neqela lakhe libule i-Inricov ibanjiswa, kwaye emva koko yazichaza amangqina.
Emva koko, uthando lweHarry ukubonisa ukuzaliseka kwemiyalelo nokufumana i-1 lamawaka amawaka, cwenge isandla se-jack yeemfama ezintathu kunye nentloko ye-nerve. Babonakaliswa njengommangaliso kwisithili saseMaripos, eStoyton naseSan Francisco. Ukusuka kumbukeli ngamnye, ububanzi bathathe i- $ 1.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba "i-fucts" ayiboniswanga kwizixeko ezikufutshane nemigodi. Abaxhasi bohlobo lwento yokuba uthando lweHarry aluzange lubulale, luloloze kolu notsheli lukhethekileyo - amathemba ayesazi ukuba ingaba le nto ingekabonakali kangakanani na, kwaye ubuhlalo bunokuvela. Babenento yokulahleka. Umzekelo, enye i-5 yeedola yamawaka, apho iCalifornia ikhutshwe ngoMeyi 1854.
Iminyaka engama-25 emva kokuba "ukufa" nguHikin, udade wabo wavela, owathi intloko yeyomntakwabo - akukho sibetho esidleleni. Kukho amaNgqina ambalwa ngakumbi owabona iRobibin Hood evela e-El Dorado sele i-apt.
Intloko ye-murget, ekuphela kobungqina bokubulala kwakhe kulahlekile ngexesha lenyikima nomlilo eSan Francisco ngo-1906.
Kubugcisa
Umfanekiso we-hokin we-hokin wayehlala esetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, ke, yadityaniswa nentsomi, kwaye ingeyiyo ngenyani. Umzekelo, iZorro-Folk Avenger evela kwi-johnston yenzwane kuyo.
Owona mboniso ubalulekileyo wembali yeRobin Hood kwi-El Dorado ngumbongo "izibane kunye nokufa kukaHoachin Muriet" (ngo-1967) paida, i-chile yaseChilean. Ngokutsho kwakhe, abaqambile uAlexei Rybnikov nasePareve Peredko badala enye ye-operas yokuqala yelitye kwi-Hosr "yenkanyezi kunye nokufa kweHoaquin Muriet". Kwakuyilo okokuqala "inkwenkwezi yokuqala" ivakala. Intsebenzo ekhutshiwe kwinqanaba "le-lennkomi" amaxesha ali-17. I-Alexander Alexander Abdulov idlale umlinganiswa ophambili.
Ngokusekwe kumculo, i-vladimir Grammar ifihla ifilimu ubude epheleleyo ka-1982. Indima ephambili yaya kuAndrei Kharitonov. Amaculo nomculo ovela kwi-rock opera igcinwe engaguqukanga.