Biography
Kwiminyaka yokuqala, uMartin Seligman wanyanzeleka ukuba ajamelane nemvakalelo yokungancedi, kwixa elizayo igqibe indlela yophando. Waziwa ngokuba yi-Deadcyc ye-Psychology kunye noMbhali weencwadi ezoyisa amava amabi kunye nokufezekiswa kolonwabo lokwenene.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMartin Elias Pete Seligman wazalwa nge-12 ka-Agasti, ngo-1942 kwidolophu yaseMelika yaseAlbany. Ukhulele kwintsapho yegqwetha kunye nodade osele ekhulile. UMartin ebuntwaneni wayenobulumko kwaye wafunda ngokulula ikharityhulamu yesikolo, ke abazali bagqiba kwelokuba bathumele kwi-Amendo yasekoyalo yamakhwenkwe.
Xa uSelgman wayekwishumi elivisayo, utata wakhe wayethuka, kwaye imeko yemfundiso yosapho yavela kabukhali. Umfana kwakufuneka afumane umsebenzi wokuhlawula iindleko. Ngenxa yophawu lwakhe oluyimfihlo, uMartin wayengasebenzi kakuhle kwaye wayenabahlobo abambalwa. Kodwa ke, nangona babejongile abantu kwaye bafunda ukubaphulaphula, ephembelela ukhetho lomsebenzi.
Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo, le ndoda yangena kwiDyunivesithi yasePrinceton, apho wafunda khona ifilosofi. Kodwa xa isidanga se-bachelor sasingafaniyo, kwakufuneka enze ukhetho olunzima- ukuqhubeka nokufunda isayensi ye-Oxford okanye ukusebenza kwi-Plokclogy ye-Plnsylvania. Ngenxa yoko, uSeligman wagqiba kwelokuba eyokuthanda.
Emva kwexesha wayengumbutho kwiDyunivesithi yaseCornell, kodwa ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko engazinzanga, wabuyela ePennsylvania, apho wasusa iposti.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwixa elidlulileyo, indoda yayitshatile eKerry Muller, eyamnika iindlalifa ezimbini. Emva koqhawulo-mtshato ngo-1978, ugqirha wezengqondo wayengakwazi ukuphucula ubomi bakhe, kodwa ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukudibana nomfundi wakhe uMandy Mccartiy. Ngaphandle komahluko kwiminyaka eli-17, badlala ngomtshato kwaye bakhulisa abantwana abaninzi abahlanu.Umsebenzi wesayensi
KwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, lo mfana uqalisa ukudibana nento eyaba sisiseko somthi wokufunda. Ngexesha lovavanyo kwizinja, ezaziqhutywa ukuqinisekisa imibono ye-Ivan Pavlov, izilwanyana zavalelwa eziseleni kwaye zaboniswa ngaxeshanye kunye nebee.
Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba ingxolo iya kudityaniswa nezinja ezinentlungu, ibangela uloyiko kunye nomnqweno wokuphepha. Kodwa xa iiseli zifunyaniswa, izilwanyana zalala phantsi phantsi kwaye zazinesithukuthezi. Njengoko uMartin waqukumbela kamva, baqhelene nekratshi kangangokuba bengakwazi kulawula imeko, kwaye babengazami ukwenza nantoni na ngayo.
Emva kokufumana isidanga se-doligman seligman yagqiba kwelokuba ivavanye ingcinga yakhe. Ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-AunterPart Steve Mateyer, walungiselela uvavanyo apho amaqela amathathu enja athathe inxaxheba. Eyokuqala (a) inokulawula ifuthe le-Okwangoku ngexesha lophawu oluvakalayo, yesibini (b) - hayi, kunye nesithathu (c) yayingulawulo.
Ngenxa yoko, xa izilwanyana zikhutshelwe indawo evulekileyo, apho kwakufuneka boyise umqobo omncinci kwaye bafumane inkululeko, kwaye baphelisa i-beep, ukuba baphephe kuphela ukuxoka, ngaphandle kokulala, nangona besothuka ukubetha.
Ukufunyanwa kwenzululwazi kuye kwaba yinguquko kwi-psychology, kuba iyaphikisana neziphoso zokuzila. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, uvavanyweni uphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo nabantu nezilwanyana, kodwa isiphelo sinye: ukuba sikuqondeka ukuba siqonde ukuba babengenakuyilawula le meko, bahlala beyeka ukuzama ukuyitshintsha. Ngokutsho kweSeligman, imeko evelayo yokungancedisi ihlala iphantsi koxinzelelo kunye ne-neurosis.
Inzala eyahlukileyo yomphandi yayizilingo, nto leyo, ezo zinto, ezo zinto zingenasifo zinethemba ziyaqhubeka kwaye ziphinde zikhangele isigqibo. Ukuziphatha kwabo kuye kwaba protius kuphuhliso lwe-psychology efanelekileyo, ephonononga ithemba kunye namava afanelekileyo omntu.
Incoko kaMartin emva konyulo njengeNtloko yeMbuyekezo yaseMelika yothusa uluntu lwezenzululwazi, kuba ukusuka kumzuzu wokuvela kwengqondo yayisetyenziselwa ukubonisa nokunyanga i-patrologies. Inzululwazi iphakamise ukufunda i-phenomena eya kuthi incede ukuphepha ukubonakala kwezi zinto ziphambukayo kwaye zenze ubomi buqaqambe.
Ngo-2002, wazisa imodeli yolonwabo. Yayiquka izinto ezintathu: amava eemvakalelo ezithandekayo, ukubandakanyeka kunye nobukho bentsingiselo. Emva kwexesha, le nkqubo yaxhaswa ngamacandelo obudlelwane kunye nezinto eziphunyeziweyo kwaye zafumana igama elithi ifinyeziweyo isimilo.
Iingcamango eziphambili zeSeligman ye-psychologman echazwe kumanqaku amaninzi kunye neencwadi. Uzalisekise i-bibliografi enjalo njenge "nendlela yokufunda ithemba", "inandelele" yabantwana "kwaye" kwindlela eya kuphumelela ". Uninzi lwemisebenzi yaba lugqwetha kwaye lwaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Iimbono zomphandi utsala oochwephesha buqhelekileyo bezengqondo njenge-Albert Bandara, Mihai Chixmanthei kunye noJonathan Hyidt. Ndikunye noChristopher Petorson, wadala ukwahlulwa kweempawu ezintle zomntu owahlulahlula ngokwamaqela ama-6. Emva kwexesha elithile, iphepha lemibuzo lovavanyo laphuhliswa, lazisa umgangatho oncedisayo ukoyisa uxinzelelo kunye nokufezekisa ulonwabo. Isetyenziswa ngenkuthalo kwi-psychotherapy.
UMartin Seligman ngoku
Ngo-2020, isayensi iyaqhubeka ukubandakanyeka kwi-Psychology, nangona ngoku ingaphantsi kokubonakala esidlangalaleni, inika udliwanondlebe kunye nokuzibekela ifoto.Iikowuti
- "I-pessimist inokufundiswa ukuba yinyani."
- Isiseko sethemba asincedi. "
- "Impilo yomzimba inyangeke ngakumbi kulawulo lwalukholo kunokuba ithathelwa ingqalelo."
- "Idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba i-iniars iphile ixesha elide kune-tissimerists."
- "Umfanekiso wokucinga ayisiyonto inikwa kube kanye nangonaphakade. Njengoko sisazi kwi-psychology, umntu unokukhetha isicwangciso sokucinga. "
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1975 - "Ukuzithemba"
- Ngo-1982 - "Psychology yokuphambuka"
- 1991 - "Ithemba elinokufundwa"
- 1994 - "Yintoni onokuyitshintsha kunye nento ongakwaziyo"
- Ngo-1995 - "Umntwana Onethemba"
- Ngo-2002 - "Ukonwaba Ngokwenene"