Biography
UVictor Shoklovsky ovela kubudala obutsha wayenomdla kubugcisa, ophembelela ukhetho lomsebenzi. Ungene kwibali njengomgxeki odumileyo woncwadi, umgcini-screenw kunye nombhali.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UVictor Shoklovsky wavela nge-12 kaSeptemba (24) ngo-1893 eSt. Petersburg. Utata wafundisa iMathematics, emva koko waba ngunjingalwazi wezikhosi zamagcisa aphezulu, kwaye umama wakhokelela kwikhaya. Intsapho yayinkulu, kodwa kubo bonke abantwana badala babephila ubomi. IVeladimir yakhe Vladimir noNikolai badubula, uDade Eugene wasweleka yindlala ePetrograd.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala, i-shoographies shoklovsky ayinakuqhayisa ngokusebenza kakuhle. Wayekhutshelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwizifundo ezimbi, de loo ndoda ingene kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ebizwa emva kweNikolai Shepovalncisov, ekugqityweni kwesiphelo sivela kwi-Peedalist. Sele ke, i-vutyata yayilungela uncwadi, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe yaprintwe kwimagazini.
Ke ngoko, xa ilixesha lokukhetha umsebenzi wexesha elizayo, le ntsule ithatha imbali yembali kunye ne-filogran yeyunivesithi ye-Stterburg. Ngeli xesha, uShoklovsky wafunda okuninzi, nto leyo echaphazela indlela yakhe.
Ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iVictor yaya kwivolontiya yangaphambili. Waqhubeka enomdla kuncwadi, owamzisa noYurityanyanov naseBoris eikenbaum, oyena shoklovky ekugqibeleni waseka isikolo seSikolo saseRussia. Kumanqaku abo "uvuko lweLizwi" kunye "nobugcisa njengendawo yokwamkelwa", umbhali waqulunqa intetho esisiseko yendlela entsha kwaye wachaza ukwamkelwa kwendlela yokususwa, apho izinto eziqhelekileyo zityelwe kwifom engaqhelekanga.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, lo mntu wayelilungu lotshintsho lwe-FEBRUWARI, equka kwiKomiti yeCandelo leTemore kwaye egxile kwiBhunga lePetrograd. Ngaphambili, wabonisa amandla nenkalipho xa wayekhokela intlanganiso kuhlaselo phantsi komlilo wotshaba. Ngalo mhla, uVictor wabhujiswa esiswini, kodwa waqhubeka nokukhuthaza amajoni, nangona kukho iintlungu negazi. Kule feoko, wanikwa i-St. George Ceorge.
Emva kolungiso, uShoklovsky uthatha inxaxheba ekukhutshweni kwemikhosi yaseRussia evela kwiPersi. Ukubuyela ePetpograd, umfana omncinci wangena kubandakanywa no-Eramen, ngenxa yoko watshutshiswa. Umbhali wayefihliwe kwisibhedlele sengqondo eSaratov, emva koko weza eKiev waza waba lilungu lemizamo engaphumelelanga kukubhukuqa kwe-pavel scoovel.
Kuphela ngenxa yesikhalazo se-maxim gorky, uphando kwityala wamiswa. Okwethutyana, indoda ifundwe izifundo kwithiyori yoncwadi phantsi kwendlu yokupapasha "Uncwadi lwehlabathi", kamva zaba ngunjingalwazi kwi-Interiy yaseRussia.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebutsheni bakhe, umbhali wayetshatile eVasilis Korde, owamnika abantwana babini. Unyana kaNikita wasweleka ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, intombi ka-Vantura yayitshatile ne-Efim Lieberman, eyazala indlalifa, emva koko imboni ye-nikolai panchenko. Umfazi wesibini wombhali waba ngu-serafam waseSugh, awayefumana ulonwabo kubomi bakhe.Iincwadi
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1920, uShklovsky wayebandakanyeka kwizifundo zoncwadi, wabhala iincwadi kunye namanqaku apapashiweyo kwincwadi yeemagazini zeNcwadi kunye "neNdlu yoBugcisa". Phantsi kwempembelelo yakhe, kwasekwa amanye abazalwana 'kwi-Serapiones, ababhali bangumbhali ngamanye amaxesha.
Xa kuthathwa ukubanjwa kweveki ye-Serc kwakhona, unjingalwazi wanyanzelwa ukuba abaleke kwaye afudukele kwilizwe ukuya eFinland, emva koko waya eJamani. Kwakungexesha lobomi eBerlin "uhambo oludala" oludumileyo lwabhalwa, nto leyo eyanika ukuqala kwengqekembe ye-autobiographical.
Incwadi yesibini yomjikelo "Zoo, okanye hayi malunga nothando" wadalwa emva kokubuyela eRussia. Isekwe kwimbalelwano ne-dadewethu omncinci i-wily brick ellale, apho umbhali wayengafanelekanga eluthandweni. Ugqibezele umzi-mveliso wesithathu ", owawuzalisa kwakhona i-Bibliography ngo-1926.
Emva kokufumana ithuba lokubuyela e-USSR, indoda yanyanzelwa ukuba ihlale eMoscow. Apho wabhala ingqokelela "ye-Akhawunti yeHamburg" waza waqalisa ubuhlobo ne-vladimir mayovsky, enamaqela e-lef. Umbhali uqhubekile ukuphila ubomi obusebenzayo kwaye wayethathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zoncwadi.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uViktor Bhariovich ubuyele kwiimbono zokuziphatha ngokusesikweni, ezahlulela inqaku elithi "ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwisiphoso sesayensi." Waqhubeka epapasha rhoqo, eyenziwa njengomgxeki. Ngokukodwa, umbhali wangena kwi-etals yaseBoris i-PARTARTAK, eyayithotyelwe esigwebo esidlangalaleni.
Ebudala, uShoklovsky waba nomdla kwithiyori ye-cinema, esebenzisana namabonwakude, awayelungisa ngayo le nkqubo ". Amanqaku akhe akwixesha lokubonakalisa umdla kumsebenzi we-classics, kubandakanya ne-feer dostoevsky kunye nengonyama i-telstoy.
Ukufa
Uncwadi u-Chede uChede wasweleka ngoDisemba kaDisemba ngo-1984 eMoscow, unobangela wokufa yayisempilweni. Ingcwaba lakhe likwindawo yaseKuntsevsky. Kwinkumbulo yombhali, isebenza, iifoto kunye namazwi, ukungafi okungafiki kwiikowuti zasala.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1914 - "Uvuko lweLizwi"
- Ngo-1914 - "Khokela iPõrot"
- Ngo-1923 - "Zoo. Ileta engathethi malunga nothando okanye ngobomi besithathu, "Berlin," uBelikon "
- Ngo-1924 - "Uhambo oluyimvakalelo"
- Ngo-1926 - "umzi-mveliso wesithathu"
- Ngo-1926 - "ithamsanqa kunye nomonakalo kwi-maxim gorky"
- Ngo-1928 - "i-akhawunti yeHamburg"
- Ngo-1930 - "Mfutshane, kodwa libali elithembekileyo malunga ne-Nolootov"
- Ngo-1931 - "Marco Polo Scout"
- Ngo-1937 - "amanqaku kwi-pingkin prose"
- Ngo-1944 - "Iintlanganiso"
- Ngo-1964 - "waphila -"
- Ngo-1965- "iminyaka engamashumi amane. Amanqaku e-cinema »
- Ngo-1973 - i-Eisenstein
- Ngo-1981 - "Amandla Okukhoba"