Biography
I-Ludwig Witgenstein-iFilosofi yase-Austrian i-AustrienPher xx Ikhulu lenkulungwane, esele iphuhlise ithiyori yolwimi olufezekileyo. Yasekwe kwi-Loogic yeMathematics. Ukubhalwa kwenzululwazi yesayensi yenqaku le-atomism esengqiqweni.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Ludwig wazalwa nge-26 ka-Epreli ngo-1889 eVienna. Inkwenkwe yaza yaba mncinci kubantwana abasibhozo besingu-sine esinentsimbi kunye neqabane lakhe. Utata wacwangcisa ukukhula koonyana bamanani aphambili emizini kwaye engazange ayithembe imfundo yesikolo, ukuze babe ngabantwana babuyo ekhaya.
I-Wittgenstein-sr yayingumntu onobunkunkqele kwaye ongenamava, ochaphazele kakubi izalamane zakhe. Abathathu abantu abancinci abahlanu bazibulala. Imilambo yomzalwana ophezulu yayijonga ubuhlakani. Ngo-1902, wasinda eUnited States kwaye wafa phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo.
Ngo-1904, iRudi, umfundi wecandelo lemichiza le-Berlin Academy, ukuzibulala kwibar, ukusela ubisi nge-canium potassium. Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, wayenoburharha kwaye enexhala lokufa komhlobo. UKurt uyalele umkhosi wase-Austrian ekupheleni kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Igosa ladalwa lifile ngokuwa kowe-1918.
Umzali uthambile kwaye wavumela uLwedwig noPaul School kwisikolo sikarhulumente. Isithandi-sobulumko sexesha elizayo savalwa, khange sibonakalise impumelelo kwizifundo zakhe kunye nobunzima obufumeneyo ulwimi oluqhelekileyo noontanga.
I-Wittgenstein yaba nomdla kubunjineli kunye nenkqubo yenqwelo moya, njengomfundi we-TeechChe Hochschule Berlin. Ngo-1908, wafumana iDiploma kwiDyunivesithi yaseManchester Victoria. Umzuzu we-Iconic kwi-biography ye-ludwig yayikukuqhelana nemisebenzi yeGotoba Frebi, eyafunyanwa enetyala malunga nengxaki yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics yemathematics.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Wittgenstein iquka ubudlelwane bothando kunye nabasetyhini kunye namadoda. Ukunceda udade ekwakhiweni kweNdlu eVienna ukusukela ngo-1926 ukuya ku-1928, wadibana noSjgaritar. Iminyaka emihlanu ubudala, intombazana iqhubeka ngokuzimela idluliselise indlela yokuphila yeqabane, kodwa umququ wokugqibela yayikukuya eNorway. Kuyo, i-Presinced yaqonda ukuba akanakuba ngumfazi wentangoloheli, wamshiya.Phakathi kwabanyuliweyo, uLudwig ubizwa ngokuba yi-David Pinman, enesithandi-sobulumko esasinobulala ngo-1913, uFrancis Skerner, iqabane lakhe kwi-1930s, kunye noBen Richards, abavela kubomi be-Austrian ngeminyaka yee-1940.
Intanda-bulumko
Ngo-1911, i-Wittgenstein yangena kwiCambridge, apho wayengumncedisi kunye nomhlobo weBerran Russell.
Emva kokusweleka kukatata ngo-1913, umfana wayephakathi kwabaseYurophu. Wahlula umhlaba phakathi kwezihlobo, kwaye ezinye zemali zanikelwa kumzobo wobugcisa. U-Ludwig wasungula phantsi kwilali yaseNorway kwilali yaseNorway yaza wabhala umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba "ngamanqaku kwi-Logic".
Izifundo zakhe zahlanganiswa nezimvo kwiingxowa-mali zolwimi. Ucebise ngokubhekisele kwi-tautology kwizivakalisi njengenyaniso, kunye nokuphikisana - njengobuxoki okanye ukungazithembi kolunye udidi.
Ngo-1914, i-Wittgenstein yashiya ivolontiya ngaphambili. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, wabamba kwaye wabhala emva kwesigqibo wabhala "isiphithiphithi sentanda-bulumko." Umsebenzi wapapashwa ngo-1921. Wayephumelele kuluntu lwaseYurophu. Ngexesha, uLudwig wayesele esebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwisikolo sasemaphandleni.
Imisebenzi yokufundisa okwethutyana ithathelwe indawo njengomgayo wegadi kwimonki. Emva koko inzululwazi iphinde yabandakanyeka kwi-pedagogy kwiZiko leMfundo kufutshane neTratotetenbach. Apha wabhala incwadi entsha - isichazi-magama saBantwana sokubiza amagama kunye nopelo, obe ngumsebenzi wesibini wombhali, epapashwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ngo-1926, wabuyela emsebenzini "weFilosofical-esengqiqweni, kuba wafumanisa ukuba watolikwa ngokungalunganga, kwaye ezinye zezigwebo ezichazwe zazingachanekanga. Umsebenzi we-Wittgenstein udityaniswe ii-aphorism ezisixhenxe zenziwa yinkcazo.
Eyona ngcinga iphambili yayiyisazisi yobume bemeko yolwimi kunye nolwakhiwo lwehlabathi. Ukuqonda umsunguli wethiyori ayiveli kwizinto, kodwa kwizibakala. Iziphakamiso zibe ziiyunithi zolwimi. Ngokungqinelana nale ngcinga, ulwimi luxhomekeke kwimithetho yengcinga kwaye inokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni, kunye neziphakamiso eziphulwe kuyo zingenantsingiselo. Enye yezicatshulwa ezibalulekileyo zesigqibo sokufunda:
"Yintoni engenakwenzeka ukuthetha ngaloo nto kufuneka ithule."Emva koko, i-Wittgenstein ineengcinga ezintsha ezibonisa ulwimi njengenkqubo yokutshintsha kwemeko apho ukuphikisana. Ngokusekwe kwingcinga ehlaziyiweyo, umsebenzi wefilosofi yayikukwenza imithetho ecacileyo yokusebenzisa iiyunithi zolwimi kunye nokuphelisa ukuphikisana.
Njengomsunguli wokuhamba kwe-pilosophy ye-lituistic, i-Ludwig Wittlenstein yayinempembelelo enkulu ekumiselweni kwentanda-bulumko ye-Anglo-American American. Ukongeza, kwisiseko seengcinga zakhe, ithiyori ye-petitivism esengqiqweni yenziwa. Iingcali ziquka igalelo elikhulu kwi-Logic kwinxalenye yesosayensi "yamanqaku emibala", apho kwakukho intetho ngemidlalo yolwimi. Iinkqubo zenzululwazi yesayensi zazifunwa kwilizwe lazo nasephesheya. Isithandi-sobulumko soSoviet Alexander Zinovieku sacela nophando.
Ngo-1929, i "filosofi yokuziphatha kwefilosofi yefilosofi" yaqala njenge-dissertation eCambridge. I-Wittgenstein yafumana iMhloli kwiKholeji yeTelity College.
Emva kweAnclus ngo-1938, isayensi saba ngummi waseJamani. Ngokuhambelana noMthetho weNurembergg, indoda yayihlelwa njengomYuda. Isithandi-sobulumko kunye nezalamane zakhe babephakathi kwabambalwa aba-Adolf Hitler babenomgangatho okhethekileyo wobuhlanga. Oku kwaphenjelelwa yimeko kunye namathuba ezemali osapho. Ngo-1939, uLuddwig wafumana ubumi baseBritane.
Ngeli xesha, inzululwazi ifundwe izifundo kwimathematics nentanda-bulumko eCambridge, ekuxoxeni ngemvelaphi yeemfazwe zomkhosi zabonakala zinganyamezeleki. Ngo-1941, wahlala eSanitar kwisibhedlele saseLondon. I-Wittgenstein yayibandakanyeke ekuhanjisweni kwamachiza kwiikhemesti phantsi kwegama langaphandle kwaye lahlala kwiziko le-incognito.
Ngo-1947, isithandi-sobulumko sasithetha noogxa babo kwi-oxford kwi-Jowetta's. Wayishiya iYunivesithi yeCambridge kwaye ijolise kwimisebenzi yokubhala. Ukuba ne-Ireland, iLudwig yahlala isinxibelelanisi. Ngo-1949 watyelela eNew York, enabahlobo abakhokelwayo. Ngeli xesha, wabhala "Izifundo zefindosofi", epapashwe ngo-1953. Incoko encwadini yayimalunga novavanyo olubizwa ngokuba "betherle ebhokisini". Uluvo lwesifundo lwanyanzelwa ukuba lucinge ngohlobo lolwimi kunye nefomathi yokubonisa izimvo malunga nehlabathi.
Ukufa
Isithandi-sobulumko safa ngo-Epreli 1951. Unobangela wokufa yayinguMhlaza. Inzululwazi yayingcwatyelwe kwiindawo zamaKatolika eCambridge, hayi kude ne-chapel ye-St. Iincwadi zakhe "IGenesis nexesha", "ekuthembekeni" kwaye ezinye zapapashwa ngokuhlwa.I-Ludwig Wittlenstein iqhutywa iidayari, kwaye abantu abasondeleyo besithandi-sobulumko abashiye amanqaku kunye neememo, ezazichaza ukuba zenziwe kunye nomkhwa wakhe. Imonki yaseRay ixelelwe ngobomi buka-Austrian kwincwadi ethi "UCenius Genius." Ifoto yomphandi namhlanje inokufumaneka kwiincwadi zobugcisa kunye neencwadi zezifundo kwintanda-bulumko.
Iikowuti kunye nee-pharisms
- "Kuyonto yonke into ibonakala ngathi ayilandeli ukuba kunjalo."
- "Enye yezona talente ibaluleke kakhulu ayidibani yimicimbi ongakhathazeki."
- "Umhlaba yindibaniselwano yezibakala, hayi izinto."
- "Yintoni enokutshiwo ngokubanzi kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo; Malunga nento enye engenakwenzeka ukuba ithule. "
- "Italente yintwasahlobo, ephethe onke amanzi amatsha. Kodwa le ntwasahlobo iyatsala ukuba bayonwabele iphosakele. "
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1913 - "amanqaku nge-Logic"
- Ngo-1921 - "Unyango lwefilosofic-
- Ngo-1929 - "Izimvo ezininzi ngefom yengqondo"
- Ngo-1953 - "Izifundo zeFilosofi"
- Ngo-1956 - "Izimvo kwiziseko zemathematics"
- Ngo-1958 - "Incwadi Eluhlaza"
- Ngo-1958 - "Incwadi Engqana"
- Ngo-1980 - "Izifundo kunye neengxoxo malunga ne-Aesthetics, Psychology kunye neNkolo"