Biography
I-Vera Ivanovna Zasulin yayingumbhali kunye nentatheli, inani labemi kunye nomlili osebenzayo wenguqu. Nangona kunjalo, kumaphepha embali, wakhunjulwa sisiseko sothuswa kwezopolitiko, iindlela ezazigxekwa kamva.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UVera wazalelwa kwiPhondo leMlolensk, kwilali encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiMikhaylovka, Julayi 27, 1849. Kusapho, ngaphandle kwakhe, zazineentombi ezimbini. Iingcongconi ezilele, izibonda zobuzwe, zinciphise iziphelo. Kwaye xa utata wohlaziyo lwexesha elizayo u-Ivan Petrovich wasweleka, umama wagqiba kwelokuba anike intombi enye ezizweni ezityebileyo.
Nangona kwiimemo zomsebenzi woluntu, imeko yabonakala ingasiyo. Ukuguqukela kwi-GEACOIRs ngobomi eBiacolaooovo, umfazi wabhala malunga no-Nyan Minimiyo. Uphakamise uAunts wakhe wezemidakazi kunye nomalume. Xa bakhulile, kwavela umbuzo malunga nokwenzeka kwakhe ukuhlala kwindlu kaMakulichi.
Isikhundla sosapho sifuna ubukho bentombi, iMimina yayifuna ukukhathalela abantwana. Kwagqitywa ke intombazana leyo, yagqitywa ngokupheleleyo yabakhonzi aboyikayo uThixo.
Eli xesha lobuntwana kamva liza kuchaza amagama athi "isangqa sephupha elinzulu". Ubungakanani kunye nobomi obunamavila abuthandanga. UMimima wenza umfundi ukuba afundise imithandazo, aye ecaweni kwaye kukho ukutya okunekrwada. Ukohlwaywa ngokupheleleyo, nangona engakhange ayibone intsingiselo kule.
Umbono omkhulu kuyo wavelisa ivangeli. Intombazana ezininzi zibonakaliswa ngonaphakade kwaye uMsindisi, kodwa, wayebalasele nguThixo kwaphela. Ubomi basemhlabeni babubonakala bungapheliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha iphinde yazisola ngokuba akazalwanga inkwenkwe, kuba wayephupha ngomzabalazo omkhulu, efunda ngolangazelelo malunga nokuxhaphaka kwiindinyana zakudala.
EBiacolaoovo, intombazana ayizange ibe yeyakhe. Ukuhlulela kunye nelizwe elincinci kwakulula kakhulu. Ukholo luyayithanda le ndawo, kodwa wadala. Nge-17, le ntombazana yathunyelwa kwipension yaseMoscow.
UZasulin wayelungiselela ukuba abe yityala. Ngo-1867, waqubisa ukuze akhwaze i-St. Petersburg, enediploma yeDiploma ezandleni zakhe. Kodwa amathemba omfundi awazange agwetyelwe - akukho mntu wayefuna ukuthabatha iingcebiso zakhe ngaphandle kwamava omsebenzi kunye neengcebiso.
Ke ngoko, intombazana yahlala emantyini njengombhali e-Serpukhov. Kunyaka kamva, ukholo lwatsalela kwikomkhulu. EMoscow, waba liqela leencwadi, elalinika ukufikelela kwakhe kwimisebenzi yesayensi. Ngayo, wayenenxaxheba ekuziphuhliseni. Kwangelo xesha, ekugqibeleni wamiselwa kumnqweno wokulungiselela abantu kunye nelizwe.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi onike bonke imbono enkulu, akazange azalelwe abantwana. Kuyaziwa ukuba ithile iquka ubudlelwane bothando kunye neqabane kunye neqabane elinentliziyo ye-LVOM Grigomvich Diech. Kodwa kwakungekho mtshato usemthethweni phakathi kwabo.
Wazinikela ingqalelo kubomi bakhe, enika intliziyo kwintshukumo ethandwayo, kodwa wachitha amaphepha amaninzi kwi-Dmimery Alexandrovich Klimngez. Nguye ophembelela isisombululo sokuhamba ngembeko.
Nge-ecstasy, indoda yaxelela imvukelo malunga nemeko emangalisayo kunye neentaba ezintle zale ndawo. UZasulich wagqiba kwelokuba alishiye ilizwe lakhe. Bachitha iinyanga ezine kunye. Emva kwexesha, umfazi wabathengi uAna Epstein (ANCA) wathi umyeni wakhe wazisola ukholo waza wagqiba kwelokuba 'abhabhe iintaba. "
Kwakukho amarhe eqokelelwayo ukuba kukholo kunye namabanjwa ezopolitiko uAlexey Bogontubov (i-Archip Petrovich Emenanov) yayibubudlelwane bothando. Kwaye ke ngoko umfazi owenza isenzo sobuqhophololo, ukuzama ukubulala uFedor Trepov. Ngapha koko, aba bantu babengaqhelananga nabanye.
Umsebenzi
Kwanangaphambi kokudibana noSergei Geennaadyevich, intombazana yenyukliya ikwazile ukutyelela isangqa esiliqela sokuguquka. Emva kokuba ihlawulwe ngenkokeli yeNkokeli "yokutsha kwabantu", uZasulich wawela phantsi kwempembelelo yakhe. Le ndoda yabona inamandla okholo kwaye yazama ukuyizisa kumbutho wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, wawagatya izindululo ezinjalo, ethathela ingqalelo izimvo zomcebisi omnandi.
Nangona kunjalo, ayiyithinteli intombazana ukuba ishiye idilesi yakhe yokuposa. Umqobo onjalo uxabisa inkululeko yakhe. Inyani yile yokuba i-sergey genadevich yayiyisebenzisa ukuthumela imbalelwano engekho semthethweni. Ukuhamba ngesiphelo seminyaka emi-2 ngenxa yezi leta, abantu babebanjiwe kwaye bathunyelwa kwikhonkco ukuba likhuphe ngeli xesha.
Ngokuthembekileyo ukholo lwashukunyiswa eKharkov kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba aqalise ubomi obutsha, nangona bephantsi kwamapolisa aphesheya. UZasulich uphumelele kwizifundo ezimbilini, kodwa izimvo zotshintsho azishiyi. Umbutho wokuqala awayengena kuwo wabizwa ngokuba "Buntari". Emva koko, emva kokuba bebuyele eSt. Petersburg, uZasulich wafumana umsebenzi kwindlu yokushicilela, enxulumene ngokusondeleyo 'nomhlaba kwaye'.
Njengelungu leqela elingekho semthethweni, wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olumzukisayo nakwilizwe lakhe, nakwamanye amazwe. Inguquko yavelisa i-shots ezimbini ezivela kwimvukelo yeSixeko saseSt.
Ityala, elaliqhutywa ngaphezulu kwe-zasulich, langena ibali. Ukukhusela omelwe ngummeli uPeter Alexandrova yayiyimfihlakalo yejaji ngentetho, ngenxa yoko kwabangela ukumelana nokubulawa, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana noThepoze.
Inkundla ikhokele emncinci kwaye engacacanga i-anatoly yaseKoni. ICANDELWANO LEMIBUZO EQHELEKILEYO YABO BASEKHAYA KWABO BENZA INDLELA YOKUZIPHATHA, Wabatyhalela ekumiseleni isigwebo esikhethekileyo. Yenzeka - uluntu luye lwazala izandla zegqwetha, kwaye i-Artantantok ayikholelwa kwinkululeko yakhululwa kwaye yathunyelwa kwikomkhulu, apho wadibana khona nabathengi.
Ngendlela, iindaba malunga nokugwetywa komtyholwa ziqhelise iphezulu. Ngemini elandelayo uMyalelo wokuBanjwa kwakhona wanikwa. Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho laqaliswa, kodwa abahlobo bancedisa iZasulich bahambe baphesheya kwaye baphephe ukuqhutywa kwakhona. Ezi zenzo zachongwa kamva njengehlaselo lobugrogrisi zaba sisiqalo sentshukumo yoguquko eRussia.
ESwitzerland, umfazi wangena kwiqela lenkululeko yabasebenzi. Ngo-1879, kunye nemvelaphi ye "Reflorest" yemvelaphi "ye-Refle Ref". Ukuba nesisongelo sokwenyani sokuvalelwa kwakhona, semka eParis, apho kuqalwa nini ukushumayela uMarxism.
Ukufuduka, iVera yabandakanyeka kwiinguqulelo zeMisebenzi yeGriverich i-Eles, inqaku elishicilelweyo kwaye libandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yesayensi. EGeneva, imibono yenkcaso "ukusasazwa komnyama" 'kuko "kwabantu", nto leyo eyakhokelela eSoftya Perovskaya. Ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe, amatshazi ahlangabezana neVladimir Lenin, waba ngumhleli wephephandaba iSkra.
Ukufa
Umntu othathe inxaxheba kwinxalenye yelizwe, ekupheleni kobomi baziva ukuphoxeka okukhulu. Uhlaselo lwe-Okthobha, ngokokholo, aluzange luzise into elungileyo yaseRussia.Ngaphambi kokuba ifa, uZaroshin wanikezela kubahlobo kwaye azamile ukubhala iimemo. Namhlanje baqokelelwa kwincwadi eyahlukileyo kwaye ziinkumbulo zebhajethi zebhayili egcwele abantu.
Ngo-1919, umlilo wenzekile kwigumbi lalisetyhini kwigumbi lalisetyhini. Isilutha abantu baseMarxist, kwaye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, nge-8, umsebenzi woluntu wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa yayikukucaphukisa kwemiphunga. Ingcwaba lentatheli ikwizithuthi zoncwadi ze-volkotery.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1889 - "Isincoko kwimbali yoluntu lwehlabathi"
- Ngo-1889 - "uJean-Jacques rousseau. Amava ophawu lweembono zakhe zikawonke-wonke "
- 1893 - "voltaire. Ubomi bakhe kunye nemisebenzi yoncwadi "
- Ngo-1903 - "Iintsuku ZeJulayi usixelela ntoni?"
- Ngo-1907 - "Ukuqokelelwa kwamanqaku"
- Ngo-1919 - "iinkumbulo zomzamo kwi-trepov"
- Ngo-1919 - "Iinkumbulo"
- Ngo-1921 - "Abaguquki abavela kwi-bourgeoim"