Biography
I-Psychologist Leonid ZANKOV ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1930 yokufunda iimviwo zemfundo noqeqesho lwabantwana ekuphambukisiweyo kuphuhliso. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe nguye lungumthombo oxabisekileyo wokweziyano zangoku kunye no-Oligophnoicogic. Ndandinomdla kwinzululwazi kwaye ndinempilo yabantu, ukuba bacinga ukuba bayayikhumbula indlela yokuqonda. Iziphumo zeminyaka emininzi yokufunda yayiyinkqubo ye-Ankav ye-Zankov, ngoku yamkelekile kwaye isengqiqweni, kwaye ngexesha lase-USSR, ngokwahlukileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Leonid Vladimirovich Zakov yazalwa ngo-Epreli 23, 1901 eWarsaw, umzi woBukhosi baseRussia. Ubuntwana bakhe baphumelela kwintsapho yegosa ejikelezwe ngoodade nababini. Abantwana babefundiswe kuphela iiSayensi ezisisiseko - iMathematics, iSayensi yeNdalo, imbali, kodwa neelwimi zasemzini, ubuchule. Ugqirha wezengqondo wexesha elizayo wazibonakalisa kumculo kakuhle.
Isifundo esithandekayo saseZankov sasincwadi. Iimvakalelo zabangelanga umsebenzi omninzi njengokungenisa katitshala, umdla wakhe wokusekwa kwabafundi. Ke ngoko, ukuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium ngo-1916, i-leonid yacinga ngotitshala ozayo. Wayiqonda ngoko nangoko umnqweno wakhe-waya eTurki, kwilali yaseTula, kwaye wazinza esikolweni.
Ngo-1919, uZankov waqala ukudibana nolutsha olunzima. Waya kwi-Colony yezoLimo yePhondo leTAMBOV, apho babekhona izixhaso. Kwakuyimfuneko ukuzama ukuzinyamezela kwabo ngenzondelelo, kunye nomdla wokufunda. U-Leonid uphumelele kulo mbandela.
Ngo-1920, watshintshelwa kwi "Ostrovnya" Colony Commar yengingqi yeMoscow, apho wayesebenza khona de kwamkelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State ngo-1922.
KwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, uLeonad Zankov wadibana nengcebiso yakhe lvom semenovich vygotsky. Wayeneminyaka engama-26 kuphela ubudala, kwaye umfundi uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Abantu abancinci babeqhelene kakhulu, kunye baqonde iziseko kunye neengcamango ezinzulu zengqondo. Ukusweleka komlingane ngo-1934 i-leonid vladimirovich icinge njengelahleko.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu ababekho ugqirha wezengqondo kwaba yindawo yabafazi abathandekayo - umfazi ka-Anne Josevna Malyutn, i-Opera yaseMovie e-Opelalia Leolovna Zankava, owaba nguPiriay. Ubudlelwane bosapho baba negunya elinamandla, elihambelana. Ngapha koko, ekhaya, kwisangqa sezihlobo, i-leonid vladimirovich inokufumana uxolo kwaye iphazamise umsebenzi.U-Anna Josephovna, umfazi ocacisiweyo, olithandayo iqabane lakhe. Abantu bexesha lexesha lokhumbula indlela aqokelela ngayo ngononophelo ngesidlo sakhe sasemini kunye nesidlo sasemini, njengehempe yengqondo engakhange ijonge ngokungagungqiyo. Oku, ngendlela, kubonakala kwiifoto. Udlale indima yakhe kunye nobukrelekrele baKhohlako lwe-Leon Zankov - Wayengakwazi ukufikelela emsebenzini.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Ngezizathu zenjongo, iqondo lokuzala labantwana elinemiphetho e-USSR laliphezulu. Izazinzulu zibone umsebenzi wabo ophambili ukwenza umxholo owodwa wokufunda kunye nophuhliso. Ngalesi sihloko, i-Leon Zankov yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwisayensi.
Izinto zophando abuyiselwe ngengqondo, abazizithulu, bathe cwaka kwaye bancitshiswe kwinqanaba lokugxila kwabantwana. Emva kokuthetha nabo, ugqirha ophucukileyo wagqiba kwelokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ufundise abantwana abaqhelekileyo nabakhethekileyo: Umntwana ngamnye ufuna iimeko ezizodwa zokwamkelwa kolwazi. Bantwana abakhethekileyo, bebukele impumelelo yabalingane babo abanabantu abanetalente, bavaliwe kwaye baphoxekile, badanile ngokwabo,
Ngaphambi kokuba uLemonid Vladimirovich, bambalwa abantu abazimiseleyo ukuba baqwalaselwe ngokwengqondo. Nguye owabhala umsebenzi osisiseko wokuqala konyulo, echaza imigaqo yokuphuhlisa ukufunda, eyathetha kuqala malunga nenyani yokuba kufanelekile ukudala ulwalamano lwengqondo. Ingcali yengqondo yayithathela ingqalelo kakhulu, ekubeni ekungabikho kusasazo olunjalo luphawu oluqhelekileyo, kodwa umntwana oneentloni kancinci unokungena kwiqela loluleko, kwaye osisithulu- kwiklasi yesiqhelo.
Kwimisebenzi yakhe, uLeonad Zankov akazange alingane nenyaniso yokuba abantwana abaphambukise kwi-lag yophuhliso emva koontanga babo, kodwa oko kuya kufuneka bakhuliswe ngenye indlela. Ke, xa ufundisa abantwana ababuyayo ngengqondo, ugxininiso kufuneka lwenziwe kwizinto ezibonakalayo, kuba kunjalo kule ndawo yokucinga ukuba kwenzeka.
Kuyaphawuleka, kodwa i-Psychology yokukhulisa abantwana ene-lag kuphuhliso ayisiyiyo impumelelo ephambili ye-leonid vladimirovich. Kufanelekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yakhe yendibano ephuhlise kwinkqubo yombhali. Ngo-1960s, wayeziswa ngenkuthalo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.
Eyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo ye-sna yeyokuba umntwana ngamnye ngumntu. Inkqubo yesikolo akufuneki yakhiwe ngokomgaqo-nkqubo ophakathi we-arithmetic, kwaye abafundi ababuthathaka akufuneki baqine ngokuqiqa kwabafundi. Wonke umntu unokuba ngumbingeleli, ukuba ufumana ulwazi kwimeko entle kunye nesantya.
I-Leonid Zakov igxininisa ukuba abantwana kufuneka banike ixesha lokufumana impendulo kwanakwezona zihloko zinzima, zivumele ukuba zenze iimpazamo kwaye zingayicekisi. Akuyi kubakho mfuneko yolwazi, i-monotonolontuesties ichazwe ngootitshala kwincwadi yesifundo. Kwikharityhulamu yesikolo kuyimfuneko ukwazisa iiklasi zokusebenzisana-Fundisa iSayensi yeNdalo kwiNdalo, kwaye uchithe izifundo zomculo kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga.
Indlela yomntu ebonakala isengqiqweni kwinkulungwane ye-XXI, yayithathelwa ingqalelo e-USSR. Ootitshala abaninzi kunye neengcali zengqondo zagxeka i-leonid vladimirovich. Ke ngoko, emva kokuba efile, inkqubo yentsimbi yapheliswa. Ufumene ukuphefumla okwesibini ngo-1996, ukuba ngumgangatho wemigaqo kaDaniel Elkonin naseVasily Davdov.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-2014, malunga ne-30% yezikolo ezazibandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye-sakov, emva koko iincwadi zakhe zokufunda zasuswa kuluhlu olucetyiswayo ukuba lusetyenziswe. Kodwa ootitshala abajonga iindlela zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchanekileyo, besafundisa abantwana kwingcinga yakhe kwingozi yabo nakumngcipheko. Abantu abanengqondo efanayo bayayilumkisa indawo esemthethweni yoqeqesho lwemfundo.
Ukufa
I-Leonid Zankav Cheveely bathunyelwa kwimpilo yakhe, bayoyika usulelo. Kwakusoyikisa ngakumbi ukuphinda ubomi bobomi be-vygotsky, etshiswayo kwi-tuberculosis.I-Leonid Vladimirovich iphela ngoNovemba 27, 1977. Unobangela wokufa yindalo kakhulu - ugqirha wengqondo wayehlala unyaka ka-77. Umzimba wakhe wangcwatywa ngokwazisa amangcwaba eMoscow (i-18 yento). Ityesi yengcwaba neZankov ihlulahlula iqabane lakhe. I-Anna Josephovna malyuta isweleke ngoJuni 19, 1998.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "izincoko ze-psychology ngengqondo yangasemva"
- Ngo-1944 - "Inkumbulo yeSikolo seSikolo, i-Psychology yakhe kunye ne-Pedagogy"
- Ngo-1945 - "Iingxaki Zentetho, Ukuphazamiseka kwakhe kunye nobukhulu"
- Ngo-1949 - "inkumbulo"
- Ngo-1958 - "ukudityaniswa kwamazwi katitshala kunye neendlela zokubonakala ekufundeni"
- Ngo-1960 - "okubi kunye nokusebenza kwabafundi ekufundeni"
- Ngo-1962 - "kwisifundo kunye neendlela zophando lwe-didactic"
- Ngo-1963 - "Kwintandabuzo yokufunda"
- Ngo-1968 - "ADESACK NOBOMI"
- Ngo-1973 - "Ukukhetha Okokuphuhliswa kwabantwana abancinci"
- Ngo-1975 - "Iincoko Ngootitshala"
- Ngo-1975 - "Uqeqesho Nophuhliso"