Biography
I-Eleanor Roosevelt yaba ngomnye wabasetyhini abaqaqambileyo nabanobuqhetseba kwezopolitiko zehlabathi. Njengomfazi womfazi, inenekazi lenza okuninzi kwilungelo ngabemi baseMelika. Inike uthando loluntu, olwamkela ngokuphinda-phinda intshabalalo yoluntu njengeyona nto ilungileyo phakathi kwamantombazana okuqala belizwe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAna Eleonora Roosevelt wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 11, 1884 eNew York. Intsapho yentombazana yayidume eMelika, yayingabemi boluntu oluphezulu. Umalume wegqwetha elizayo uTheodore Roosevelt ubambe indawo kaMongameli wase-US wase-US.
Abazali abafumananga mifanekisoni emtshatweni. Ke, ukongeza kwikhoboka lotywala, utata ka-Elliot wayenxibelelana nesicaka sendlu kaKatie Mann, apho kwazalwa khona umninawa wakhe kube kanye. Umama wasweleka eDifiriya xa uHeiress wayeneminyaka eyi-8.
Emva kweminyaka emi-2, kwihlabathi labantu elahlukileyo ne-Elliot, elalikwimeko yokunyanzelwa ngokunyanzelwa. Ukuba yinkedama, i-nell encinci, njengoko ibibizwa njalo entsatsheni, yakhuliswa kunye nogogo kumgca woomama. Inenekazi lathumela umzukulwana wakhe ukuya eLondon, kwiSikolo sabafazi abaPhezulu seAllenswood, apho wafunda khona ukusuka kwi-1899 ukuya kwi-1902.
Ebutsheni bakhe, umfazi oselula waseMelika wafumana imfundo entle, efunda isiFrentshi kwaye wakwazi ukukhwela. Ukwenziwa kweembono zentshutshiso eleanora kwaphenjelelwa ngumlawuli waseMarie Marie Sumbie Sunzer, owafuna ukwenza abafundi ngamanenekazi azimeleyo. Ngo-1902, ekunyanzeliseni, intombazana yabuyela emazweni ukuba ivele kwibhola ebi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1902, ukufika ekhaya, uEleanor wadibana noFranklin Delado Roosevelt, ofika kumntakwabo ngedolo lesithandathu. Ulwalamano lothando lwaqala phakathi kwabantu abancinci, imbalelwano eyimfihlo yaqala. NgoNovemba 1903, intanda yenze umnikelo waseMelika. Umama womfana oselula uSaran Annn, wafunda malunga nokuzibandakanya, chasa umanyano.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyInenekazi lahamba nonyana wakhe kwi-craise eCaribbean, ngethemba lokuba ukwahlula kuyakupholisa uthando lwendlalifa. Nangona kunjalo, kwimbuyekezo, uFranklin wahlala kwisigqibo sakhe. Kumtshato, obanjelwe ngo-1905, uMongameli uTheodore Roosevelt wayekhona. Emva kohambo lomtshato, esi sibini sahlala eNew York, sakuloo nyaka, inkosikazi yayo yamnika umfazi wentombi yakhe uAna Eleonora.
Lilonke, esi sibini sazalwa kubantwana abathandathu, omnye wabo wafa kwasebusaneni. Imbali igcine iifoto zamaqabane aneminyezi. Ubomi bobuqu beRoosevevelt zenzeka phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lukaSara, oluchaphazeleke kakubi bubudlelwane bexesha lexesha elizayo kungekuphela nguMkhwekazi kuphela, kodwa kunye nomyeni wakhe. Ngo-1918, uEleanora wafumanisa ukuba imbalelwano yothando phakathi kukaFranklin kunye nonobhala wakhe uLucy Mercer.
Xa inyani yokuhlobisa, umyeni ongalunganga wayezokushiya usapho kwaye aye khetho olutsha. Nangona kunjalo, umcebisi wakhe kwimicimbi yezopolitiko yeLouis Hou wayenyanzelisa ukutshata. Ingxoxo engaphantsi yayiyingxelo yomama we-lovelas owenziwa nguNyana xa ilifa kwimeko yoqhawulo mtshato. Esi sibini saqhubeka sihlala kunye, kodwa ukusuka ngalo mzuzu kubudlelwane bamaqabane kwakhiwe ngohlobo lwentsebenziswano kwezopolitiko.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUkungazithandi emzimbeni uEleanora ukuya kubomi bakhe kunye nomyeni wakhe kukhokelele abaphembeleli kwiingcinga zebhayoloji ezingenakuphikiswa. Njengobungqina bokuqiqa okunjalo, amanenekazi anoLauren Hitshixo abonakalisiwe, nto leyo eyayisenza icace ukuba abafazi bangabi ngaphezu kweentombi. Ukongeza, iRoosevelt ihambelana noMlawuli waseMarie Sunzer, owayengumfazi wase-Lebian, kwaye enobuhlobo namanenekazi amanenekazi.
Imisebenzi yoluntu nezopolitiko
Ngonyulo lwe-1920, uFranklin wabeka phambili umgqatswa woongameli be-vice bavela kwitheko ledemokhrasi. Kwinkqubo yephulo lonyulo, uEleanor wahamba kunye neqabane elikuhambo kwilizwe lonke elizweni. Ngo-1921, xa le ntsapho iphumle kwi-campoblolo Island, yagula ngepoliyo. Ngenxa yesi sifo, abaselula bezopolitiko baphuma bakhubazekile - wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke kwisitulo esinamavili.
Ekugqibeleni urhulumente, umfazi wakhe akazange anyamekele ngenyameko umyeni wakhe, kodwa eqinisekile ukuba akazange ayeke umsebenzi wezopolitiko. Xa uFranklin wayengathethi phambi koluntu, uEncianor walutshintsha iqabane, efunda intetho egameni lakhe. Ngapha koko, le inenekazi laqalisa ukusebenza kunye ne-Least yeManyano yabasebenzi, efuna ezona meko zibalaseleyo zomsebenzi zabemi.
Ke, amatshane asokola ekuqaliseni kweVeki ye-48 yeyure yokusebenza, yokupheliswa kokusebenza kwabantwana. Ngexesha nje elifutshane, umfazi kaFranklin Roosevelt wafumana impembelelo phakathi kwabantu baseMelika. Umsebenzi ongakhathaliyo wezopolitiko ongenamntu ongena emfanekisweni ongenamntu osweleke ukuba nge-4 kaMatshi ngo-1933, uFranklin waba nguMongameli wase-US wase-US, kunye noNkosikazi Roosevelt linenekazi lokuqala.
Xa ndandikwimeko entsha, iMelika ayikayekanga ukuxhasa iqabane, ngeendlela zonke eziqhubela phambili uhlengahlengiso lwePayne, ngakumbi "ikhosi entsha". Ngo-1936, inqaku elibizwa ngokuba "ngumhla wam" obhalwe ngamalungelo oluntu, apho ingqwalaselo yaBafundi inomtsalane kubasebenzi.
Ngo-1939, amantombazana okuqala afumana amanenekazi okuqala ukuba ahlole ukuthandwa kukaMongameli. Ekuqaleni kwe-40s, inenekazi lamiselwa njengoSekela-Mphathiswa Wezokhuselo. Kule posi, i-Eleanor kwisithuba seMfazwe Yehlabathi II yatyelela iziseko zasemzini zamajoni aseMelika e-UK, uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kunye nezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
Ngo-1943, i-Assist yenze njengombono wokudala i-UN, kwaye emva kokuba umbutho wabonakala ekuqeshwa ngumthunywa weNdibano. Kwakungumfundisi wokubhala isibhengezo samalungelo oluntu. Emva kokusweleka kweqabane lika-Eleanor elinegalelo kwimicimbi yenkululeko yabantu abamnyama bamazwe, abantu bezizwe ezahlukeneyo, baxhasa njengomfazi wokuqala.
I-Roosevelt ngokwakhe yabelana ngemidla yephiko lenkululeko yeqela ledemokhrasi. Impumelelo kumzabalazo wamalungelo oluntu yayinkulu kakhulu ukuba uMongameli uHarr Harry Truman kamva obizwa ngokuba yiRoosevelt inenekazi lehlabathi.
Ngo-1957, umhlolokazi watyelela i-USSR. Iinkumbulo zohambo zazinzima. Utshaba lwamalungelo oluntu luye lwaphawula ukuba xa utshintsha i-wictursiges, nikita khrushchev, i-nikita khrushchev ayizange ibondle kwaye ikhululekile: Ukuhleka akuzange kuva kwizitrato zaseMoscow.
Ukufa
Abafazi besi-32 baseMelika babengabi yi-7 kaNovemba 7, 1962. Unobangela wokufa sisifo se-oncolocali. I-Eleonora yangcwatywa kwi-hydek rosarium ecaleni kwengcwaba lomyeni wakhe.Iikowuti
- "Mfazi-njengengxowa yeti. Awusoze wazi ukuba yomelele kangakanani kude kube ngamanzi abilayo. "
- "Kungcono ukukhanyisa ikhandlela kunokuba ndibhubhe."
- "Ulonwabo ayisiyo njongo, kodwa yimveliso."
- "Iingqondo ezinkulu zixoxa ngemibono. Iingqondo eziphakathi zixoxa ngeziganeko. Iingqondo ezincinci ziyaxoxa ngabantu. "
- "Ukuba unomdla nyani kwinto enye, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kukukhokelela kwenye into."
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1947 - imbeko yeDyunivesithi yaseBrander
- Ngo-1948 - ugqirha oHloniphekileyo weYunivesithi yase-Utrecht
- Ngo-1952 - Deshikottam
- Ngo-1954 - iBhaso le-Nanken
- Ngo-1960 - Uxolo lweGandhi
- Ngo-1968 - I-UN BONYA KWIPHEPHA LOKUGQIBELA LOLUNTU
- Ngo-1973 - IHolo yeSizwe yamaFame