Biography
UJosefu uFlavius wayehlala kwixesha elichumileyo loBukhosi baseRoma, wayengumntu owayephila ngexesha nabapostile nozuko, kodwa ngobuqhetseba. Ummeli wobume bamaJuda asebenze kwiindlela zembali, apho isiphelo sabaprofeti kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo bangenelwa.Imvelaphi
Yosef Bin, udume ngoYosefu uFlavius, wazalelwa kwilizwe lamaYuda, kwidolophu yamandulo yaseYerusalem. Kusapho apho umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali wexesha elizayo wakhuliswa, bekukho amadoda amaninzi aphakamileyo.
Utata kaMateyu wayewuthathelwa ingqalelo yinzala yohlanga lokuqala osebenzisa igunya kumbingeleli omkhulu ajikeleza. Njengelungu lenkqubo yokuqeqesha kweNkosi ye-Remarive, yayingumbingeleli wetempile yesibini, engenamda.
USimon Pchello, wafaka uJosephu, wadalelwa uJosefu, wayexinezelekile ukuba abe ngumhlali, kunye nowoyikelo losapho lwe-prehistoric. Kwi-100s ukuya n. NS. UMphathiswa weCawe yaseYerusalem wamoyikisa nabaphathi bamaYuda, bahlala ngoxolo nabantu.
Umama, oseleyo engaziwayo, wayeneengcambu ezintle ze-aristoccrats kunye nookumkani abasweleyo. Kwacingelwa ukuba uMbutho yayiyindlalifa ye-IOSOphan kwaye ichazwe kwiincwadi ze-MCCAEIC zeenkokeli zamandulo.
Ekunye nomntakwabo, uYosefu kwakufuneka abe ngumphathiswa weli hlelo kwaye athabathe indawo ebekekileyo kwi "mgca 24". URabbi, owayenoxanduva lokusekwa kwamalungu eqela eliqinisekileyo, ekufezekiseni le njongo, kunye nokukwazi ukunceda.
UFlavius wayethathwa njengongamkelekileyo, onesiphiwo kwishumi elivisayo, wafumana intlonipho ngonqulo. Inkwenkwe yayinomdla kwimbali yoxolo lwanamhlanje nolwalamano lwabantu abakwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Isimo sokuziphatha sasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo ngqo yecawa, umfana othathe umhlala-phantsi kwi-16 ubudala. Phantsi kobunkokeli bobomi basendle, ekhokela indlela yokuphila evaliweyo, wazalelwa i-acetic evuthayo kuYosefu.
Ngexesha labucala, uFlavius wathatha iimfundiso ze-SADHOVEV, esekwe kwiinjongo zabaprofeti zamaxesha okubhala. Ingqwalaselo yombhali-mbali yexesha elizayo utsala into yokuba ngubani uMoses, enamalungu amanye amazwe kwizizwe ezisasazeke kakhulu.
Ukugcina igama elidalwe ngookhokho, uFlavius ngoncedo lootitshala bafunda isiGrike. Umnqweno wokuziqonda wanyanzela umphathi-mphathi wexesha elizayo wokufunda nokuthi uqhubeke neencwadi ezininzi zebhayiloji.
Ngomhla wesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20, ukwaliwa kwakudala, ukuya kulwa abaFarisi abangama-Yehoraist, abantu bonqulo nabadlangalaleni baba ngabantu abancinci abakhwele. Izimvo zabo kuYohane umBhaptizi noYesu Kristu waseNazarete bakhankanywa kwiTestamente eNtsha kunye namanqaku aprintiweyo.
UJosefu wanceda ubudlelwane nentsapho yamaYuda anempembelelo, ababenenzondelelo ezazinomsindo nabacaphukisayo nookumkani. Kwiminyaka eyi-26, yena, ebulela ku-Eloqueres, afezekise inkululeko ye-United ivela kwiRoma.
Ixesha elingaphezulu, abemi baseYerusalem bagwilika kubuzwilakhe bobusike, kwaye uFlavis waba yimfazwe, owakhokelela kwimikhosi engamawaka ama-10. I-Osada galisalu, i-Wirzavia, Tiberiaads kunye ne-Wiberiaad yaba yintsomi efakiwe kuncwadi lwenkulungwane yenkulungwane.
I-Vespasian, ihlaselwe yimyuziyam yamaYuda, inyanzelekile iFlavia ukuba ibuyele ekubulaweni kwamaqabane kunye nabahlobo. Inzala yababingeleli abaphezulu inikelwe kumlawuli weRoma weRoma, kuphela xa babembalwa kakhulu kwiqela lakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Imbali enemfazwe i-warlord tis fast veresse veresian yaphembelela ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye nobomi bobuqu. Ibanjiwe e-Ioifa, uYosefu wakuxela kwangaphambili ukubulawa kukaNero kwaye wakhuthaza ukungakhathali kwethemba elihle kakhulu.Umlawuli osandula ukumela umlawuli wafumana uYosefu iqabane lam, kodwa ubudlelwane abuzange busebenze ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezingaziwayo. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-71, umbhali-mbali kunye nenkokeli yamaYuda ifumene ipenshoni kunye nemeko yommi wasimahla waseRoma.
Kwangelo xesha, wadlala umtshato noAlexandria, oonyana abathathu basemthethweni babonakala emtshatweni. UFlavius Gir girkan, ukuqhubeka kwesiko lomyalelo wase-mthetho wase-mthetho wase-mthetho wase-mthetho wase-mthetho, waba ngulowo kuphela kwabantwana osindayo kwiminyaka yokuqala.
UmYuda ongumYuda, umfazi osem ophelileyo kaJosefu waba sisiGrike, imfundo kunye nomlinganiswa watsala abantu abanesifo. Imozulu yaBantwana u-Flavius Jutus noFlavius Simon noAgride Agripa wayenamathuba okuqala ukufezekisa iiverikisi zikawonke-wonke.
Indalo
Ekuqoleni, uJosefu uFlavius wayehlala kumhlaba waseRoma, wanikwa umxholo, indlu kunye nenani lezizwe ezininzi. Umthathi-nxaxheba wemvukelo yamaYuda wayelikhoboka loncwadi kwaye wadala iincwadi apho abantu bamphambukele kuye yayingelilo iqhawe langaphandle.
Ipapasho yokuqala ephambili efikelele okwangoku, iye yangumsebenzi ongumntu ongumYuda ". Ngokusekelwe kwiimpembelelo zakhe, umbhali wazichaza iziganeko ezenziwa lilizwe lamaYuda.
Kwintshayelelo, uFlavius uthlela ukungqengqa kwibali lamaYuda kwaye wamkhumbula uAhazi, inzala kaDavide, nabanye ookumkani abakhulu. Ukungqinga kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem ngomlawuli we-deproror kwi-Vepasian kubangele isaqhwithi seemvakalelo kuyo.
Kwi "I-Autobiography", ekubhekiswa kuyo kwiminyaka yeBimiki, uYosefu waqhubeka eqiqa ngemfazwe yamaYuda. Umsebenzi womsebenzi omncinci yayingumbonakaliso weengcinga ezaye zafika kuwo umphathi wangaphambili.
Umbhali-mbali uJustur tiberiad watyholwa nguYosefu ukuba wathotywa amakhulu abantu abamsulwa. Umbhali wakhanyela ukuba wayengowokuqala ukukuphakamisa umphakamo odumileyo, owenza amawaka aliqela angakufulanga kukufa.
Ukufunyanwa kwezitetimenti bekungekho sizathu "ngokuchasene ne-apion" ebhekiswa kwigrama yegramak-ummeli wamaYiputa. Ukuphendula "kwisikhalazo malunga namaYuda", uYosefu wavakalisa ukuba isikhundla sombhali siyakuhlekisa nenkohliso.
Ukuphindaphinda kwembali yamaYuda kwaba yincwadi ethi "Amazwe Anti Antiter", apho kwasetyenziswa khona iintsomi zezizwe zakwaSirayeli. UFlavius wayekholelwa ukuba inzala yoonyana bakaYuda noDavide babelawula ukuphumla ngamaxesha eBhayibhile.
Iinkqubo zikaYosefu zaba ngumthombo wolwazi oluxabisekileyo lwenzululwazi, abaphandi bakaYerome, uEsbuius noTerertullian bathintele. Ukusuka embindini we-XID ngenkulungwane ye-XIV, iincwadi ezibhalwe nguFlaviem zazinqulwa njengenoveli epheleleyo yobisi olunikezwe yinoveli.
Ukufa
Akukho nto eyaziwayo malunga nezizathu nakwixesha lokufa komyalelo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje wayehlala kwaye wasebenza phantsi kwentendelezo ye-imperial. I-Domina kwiFlaviev Dynasty, eyathatyathwa endaweni ye-vespasiana, mhlawumbi yayikho ekupheleni kweminyaka eli-100 le-10.I-Bibliography
- "Imfazwe yamaYuda"
- "Ubomi" ("I-Autobiography")
- "Amazwe aMakishi amaJuda"
- "Ngeentsuku zakudala zamaJuda"
- "Ngokuchasene ne-APION"
- "Kulawulo lwengqondo"