Biography
"NdingumYuda wegazi, iRussia kwinkcubeko, imfundo yaseSoviet," yatsho i-champion yehlabathi lesithandathu i-chanhail itvinnik malunga nembali ye-Chess. Abafundi besikolo esidalwe ngusolusapho womdlalo wakudala yayinguHard Parparov naseVladimir kramrak.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umdlali we-chess wazalwa ngo-Agasti ka-1911, ngomhla wama-Avdoti Ouschnitsy, kwilali yelizwe laseKoookell kwi-Karelian Arethmus. Ngoku indawo yokuzalwa encinci ye-botvinnik ibizwa ngokuba yi-Reino ngembeko yomhlali wakhe owaziwayo - umculi waseRussia i-Ilya.
Kumashumi eminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-20 kwilali ye-Intelliigiansky, i-Maxim Gork, Fyodir Shalyavsky, kwilali ye-villas (okanye yahlala). Ukuba abantu abadumileyo baqalisa ukulimaza amazinyo, ukuze bancede babhenele kubazali bomphathi kagonyamelo ozayo, nguyise ka-Moses, kwaye utata kaMoses u-Selhovich Bullvinnik wenza amazinyo. Intsapho kaMikhail Isaaca isandulela kwintsapho.
Abazali bomdlali we-chess bangamanyani kuphela kulo msebenzi wangaphambili, kodwa nenguqu edlulileyo, kunye nobuzwe. Nangona kunjalo, utata walela umama ukuba athethe nabantwana baseIsiš, kuba wayefuna oonyana bakhutshiwe ngempumelelo.
Ngaphambi kovukelo, abazali baqhawule umtshato, kodwa banesithukuthezi segolide esinesidima sengcali yamazinyo sashiya umfazi. Umtshato omtsha kaMoses uHarschovich wazisa uMikhail noIsake kudade kadadebo kaMariya.
Nge-chess, umphathi-kwakhulu ozayo wadibana neminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala, ngaphambi koko, inkwenkwe yayinomdla wokufota kunye neGymnastics. Imfundo ephakamileyo ye-botvinnik ifunyenwe kwi-leningrad Polytechnic iziko elibhalwe emva kwe-mikhail kalin. Ngoku kwisakhiwo esikhulu seyunivesithi, apho i-mikhail moiseevich yathatha injineli yombane ebutsheni bakhe, kufakwe iBhodi engalibalekiyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Bonke abo babesazi i-mikhail moileevich babonakalise umdlali weSoviet odumileyo weSoviet. Ulonwabo ebomini bomntu umntu ufumene i-ballerina yendawo ye-kirov palaathene ananova. Ngo-1933, emva komiselo noSalom Floron Florom, i-Botvinnik kwisidlo sasinethuba lokudanisa kunye nomntu osebenza naye kwinkosikazi yekamva - i-gallina ilanova. Umdlali we-chess ubanga ukuba ubugcisa bokujikeleza kwangaxeshanye kunye nemilenze emibini kugxilwe kwiqabane elingcono kuneqabane.Abantu abancinci batshata ngo-1935. Ngonyaka ngaphambi komtshato, uJosé Raul Kapablanya uchaze i-gayane ngamagama avela kwifilimu "yeCaucasian ethinjiweyo emva kweminyaka engama-34 ubudala - kunye nobuhle." Mhlawumbi eli nqaku linikezwe kwintombazana eneembangi ezidumileyo yanika uMichael Ukuzithemba kokuchaneka koKhetho loMtshakazi, kwaye waphakamisa isandla kunye nomdanisi wentliziyo.
Intombi kuphela Olga isibini abanetalente wazalwa ngo-1942 e-Perm: kuwo umzi, emva koko kuthiwa Molotov, ukuba bakhutshwe yi laseKirov Theatre. Xa kuthuthwa, intsapho yabantu asixhenxe (kubandakanywa i ziiserafi Samoilovna, Nyanya Oli kunye neentlobo nezalamane), ukuba yinesi kwigumbi kuphela, yaye emva kwemfazwe, wafumana lokulala-ezimbini kaStalin endlini eMoscow Ithemba ngoku zehlabathi .
Ebuntwaneni, abazali bazama aqhoboshele intombi nezobugcisa ukuba bamdumisa kubo. A Ifoto uMikhail Moiseevich, abafundisa Olga ukuba yisa iimilo ebhodini. Nangona kunjalo, akukho wechess okanye komnyhadala ntombazana babe nomdla.
Phakathi zokuzonwabisa unashable ka Botvinnik baba Ukuskiya kunye Kayak. UMikhail Moiseevich ayemthanda becula amaqela opera uxelele jokes. Nangona kunjalo, lo inkanuko eliyinhloko njengexhobongo kwi Nicolina yaseNtabeni.
mathupha ukuba yiGrandmaster liphuhlise lizwe lendlu, kwaye ukwenza izinto zokwakha ezinqabileyo, wanika neseshoni umdlalo ngaxeshanye phezu kwishishini zokusebenza in Karelia. Ngelo cottage, i Botvinnik kwakhona bezisa zivela ekuhlanjweni umda kunye njengesicocisi, kunye receiver, anokuthi umdlali chess wayephulaphule kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo BBC, kwaye iphupho ubuntwana Finnish Sani.
UMikhail Moiseevich and Gayane Davidovna babehlala kunye kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha, nangona yendalo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Umfazi soft kwaye kwakha nobuhlobo, wahlobana bonke abamelwane, kuquka iqabane umqambi Tikhon Khrennikov kunye ingcibi moya Andrei Tupolev, kwaye indoda uyamkhetha kakhulu kunxibelelwano. Ngenxa kalukhuni engaphandle, Botvinnik wanceda iintsapho mzalwana omnye-lizwe udade bafa emfazweni.
Le nguGrandmaster wayebalasele yi geqe izigwebo nangemigaqo - zange utyikitye ileta enye ehlangeneyo, wasigweba non-buyela abadlali itshesi (ngakumbi, Victor Cark), kwaye hayi enye isibheno, ababenza isichenge-nkqubo ndlongondlongo kaSirayeli, benza ezininzi nosaziwayo Soviet yobuzwe yamaYuda. Botvinnik, azalelwe umlawuli uNicolae II, kule minyaka yokugqibela ngobomi owayehlala Boris Yeltsin, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo amalungu ezininzi CPSU, zange ashiye iqela.
Ichess nesayensi
Sele iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba aqhelane Chess, uMikhail iphumelele uloyiso yokuqala kule nombolo ubuntshatsheli yesikolo 157, apho wafunda, yaye emva konyaka igama leNkosi amadodana Ferssy kunye pawns kuqala wakhankanya iphephancwadi "uLuhlu Chess". NgoNovemba 1925, ngexesha seshoni Capablanca ngaxeshanye eLeningrad, elivisayo ngokukhawuleza phambili woyisa ntshatsheli. Kunyaka olandelayo, uMikhail wahlula iindawo we2-3 kwi-iLeningrad Championship Chess kunye nobizo yakhe (Mother) iikulya Rabinovich.
Kwiminyaka engama-20, i-Botvinnik yaqala ukuba yintshatsheli ye-USSR, kwaye ngo-Agasti ka-1933 wafumana isihloko kwakhona, eqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo yokuqala yayingeyongozi. Isihloko somdlali oqinileyo we-chess oqinileyo weHlabathi i-World Kookkaly kuphela ephumelele ngo-1948: Ayisiyo imfazwe kuphela, kodwa yakhusela i-mikhail moisis theisis theisis theisis theisis. U-Grandis Master wasebenza kulungelelwaniso lwabavelisi boMbane ababandakanyiweyo kwinkqubo emanzini yeSoviet Union. I-botvinnik ngumbhali wenani lezinto ezininzi zokuphucula ulawulo loomatshini bombane.
Ngokubanzi, i-mikhail moiseeevich yayiyazi indlela yokukhuthaza umntu ochasayo ngendlela engathandekiyo. Ngokuko esi sipho sibonisa ngokwayo kwimpindezelo yomdlalo nge-chess ngesithsaba esinamafutha nge-mikhail nge-1960s.
Iqela le-1963 langena ibali phakathi kwe-botvinnik kunye nomdlali we-Chess Chess Chess Wibby Bobsher, owaphelelayo umzobo. Kwikhefu, iAmerican ishiya inzuzo yepawn enye kwaye yayiqinisekile ukuba uloyiso. Nangona kunjalo, ebusuku, iqela labafundi le-botvinnik, elaliyintloko yi-efim Geller, yeza nendlela eyazisa i-estegameme ukuba ibe ngumzobo. Emva komdlalo, ubuhluzi bokuloba, batyibilika ngobubi bezandleni.
Kwiminyaka efanayo ka-1963, iTigran Petrosyan ithathe indawo ye-mikhail moiseevich kwi-chess iOlimpus. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iBotvinnik yasuka kwimidlalo yokudlala kwaye ijolise ekukhuliseni kwabadlali abancinci kunye nokuphuhlisa i-algorithm yomdlalo wekhompyuter. E-US, utata wo "ithiyori yolwazi" uClaude Shannon wasombulula ingxaki enye.
Iimbono zoqoqosho apho uMikhail Miveeeevich emva kokusweleka kukaJosefu Stalin waguqukela kwikomiti ephambili yeCPU, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhompyuter ukuthobela uqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokudibana, oko kukuthi, ubungxowa-mali. I-curcisowers ifuna ukukhuphela ngaphandle i-ralticalizer evela kwiqela, nangona kunjalo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko ye-botvinnik itshintshe ingqondo.
Ukufa
I-mikhail moiseeevich isweleke nge-5 ka-1995. Unobangela wombhali we-botvinnik kwi-Slavic yokhuseleko "kunye nencwadi ethi" Shah xx inkulungwane "yayingumhlaza we-pancreas. Iinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuba ukufa komdlali we-Chess kudlule udliwanondlebe lokugqibela, eyayiphendule ngokungafanelekanga kwi-chess ekhawulezayo, iveki ngaphambi kokuba ukhathalelwe lilizwe lakhe elithandekayo, kwaye kwiiyure zokugqibela awayeyalela ukulungisa umngcwabo.Ngesicelo sikaGogosMaster, i-servid ye-Wordid ayizange iqhutywa kwaye kuphela intsingiselo ye-vasly kuphela inokutsho emva kwexesha. Emva kokutshiswa, i-irn ngothuthu le-mikhail moiseevich yangcwatywa kwi-novodorium yamangcwaba e-novodevichy, apho i-sunts ye-ga'ane iphumle iminyaka eyi-8.
Imemori
- Isikhumbuzo sesilivere "ye-100 ye-100 yokuzalwa komdlali we-chess m. m. botvinnik" ngehlelo leeruble ezimbini
- IBhodi yeSikhumbuzo kwisakhiwo esikhulu se-St. Petersburg Polytechnic yeYunivesithi yasePetros
- Igama le-mikhail itvinnik ebizwa ngokuba yinqwelo moya ye-737 ye-Aeroflolote Airlines
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1936-I-Order "I-Honeg"
- Ngo-1945 -Umyalelo wesibini "uzuko"
- Ngo-1945-inkosi ehloniphekileyo yemidlalo ye-USSR
- Ngo-1957 - I-odolo yeLenin
- Ngo-1961-I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi
- Ngo-1971 - ohlonitshwe umsebenzi wenkcubeko ye-RSFSR
- Ngo-1981 -Umyalelo wohlaziyo luka-Okthobha
- Ngo-1991 - Inzululwazi eNcedisayo kunye neTekhnoloji yomsebenzi
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1934 - "umdlalo we-flor-botvinnik"
- Ngo-1938 - "Iqela eliKhethiweyo 1926-1936"
- Ngo-1939 - "impindezelo ye-Alekhan-eyewe kwi-World Championver"
- Ngo-1949 - "IiNdawo eziKhethiweyo 1926-1946"
- Ngo-1951 - "Isikolo saseSoviet School '
- Ngo-1960-
- Ngo-1968 - "I-algorithm ye-chess imidlalo"
- Ngo-1975 - "Umdlalo othathu u-Aatoly Karpova"
- Ngo-1975 - "kwinjongo ye-cybernetic yomdlalo"
- Ngo-1978 - "isiqingatha senkulungwane kwi-chess"
- Ngo-1978 - "Ukufezekisa Injongo"
- Ngo-1979 - "kumdlali we-chess emotweni"
- Ngo-1979 - "ngesigqibo semisebenzi engachanekanga"
- Ngo-1979 - "ukukhuselwa kwe-runefeld"
- Ngo-1983 - "iziqendu ze-chess ze-chess"
- Ngo-1989 - "Indlela yeChess yokusombulula imisebenzi yephasiwedi"
- Ngo-1997 - "Injongo: Iinkumbulo"