Biography
USofia Gamenka wayengumhlobo osondeleyo weembongi zeminyaka yesilivere, ekhuphelweyo, i-lilltations, ukuqokelela imibongo. Wayedla ngokuba yi-SAFO ngenxa yeengoma ezinikezelwe kubameli be-bohemia kunye namalungu emijikelezo yoncwadi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
USofia Gamenki wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1885 kwaye wayengumntwana omdala uAlexandra Abramovna. Ngenxa yempilo yoomama yoomama, i-Russian Poetess ye-Russian ebuntwaneni ichithe lonke ixesha ngotata ongqongqo ongenantlonelo.
I-Yakov Solonovich yayililungu lengqimba, isokhemesti kunye nomnini wekhemisi wakhathalela intlalo-ntle yosapho. Kwisixeko saseTaganrog, apho kwakudla khona amalungu oluntu lwamaYuda, kwabakho isiko lokufumana abantwana ababini okanye ngaphezulu.
Umama wexesha elizayo wakhulelwa ngamawele, emva kokuzalwa kwe-Vini noLisa, ukhuselo lwabo lwafa. Eluntuni, igunya elingqinayo, apho watshata nguyise, uShya, owayephulukene nengcinezelo yakhe, wayekhula waza wakhula kancinci.
Ababhali bebhayiloya yakhe baphawula ukuba le ntombazana ihambile ngokukhawuleza kuloo ndoda kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yobuzami. Umama ongatshatanga akazange avumele abantwana abancinci ukuba bonwabe, imidlalo esekhaya yayinqatshelwe ngokungqongqo.
UValentine noElizabhete babenomdla kwi-ballet kunye noncwadi, uSofia wakhetha ipiyano njengendlela yokuphuma kwiingxaki. Emncinci, wabeka amanqaku antsonkothileyo, iphepha laseGerenz lalilula kuba lula kwi-thematics corems.
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium yamantombazana enesatifikethi esihle sokuphumelela, lo mfo wahlukaniswa nolondolozo kwaye bashiywe phesheya. Ukufundisisa kwi-feneva phakathi kootitshala abadumileyo kuthathwa njengabahlali bamaJuda njengemvukelo yezamashishini.
ERussia, i-Bunciki eNcincited e-Bestuzhevsky, eyayiziiyunivesithi ngamantombazana aneminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Ulawulo kunye noncwadi lwabiza uSofia, kwaye walibala i-ethode ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1900s.
Ubomi Buqu
USophia Gamenka wayeyindoda enobubele obungafihlakeleyo, ukusweleka kukamama osentwaneni osezulwini kuseka isohlwayo entliziyweni. Intombazana yolula kubahlobo bayo, ethambileyo, yazinikeleyo, inokuthenjwa, kwaye ukungabikho kweemvakalelo zamadoda awazicaphukisa utata ombi.I-Strainic Potonic Romanes ixhalabe iimbongi zaseRussia, ngoko ke watshata phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1900s. UVladimir Voldenstein wavela kubomi bakhe baseSt. Petersburg, wayedlala italente, ukushiya izangqa zenkcubeko.
Umtshato ngenxa yesiko lamaYuda akazange akwazi ukuma naluphi na uhlolo, kwaye abantu abanetalente bahlukana. Kumphefumlo weSofia, iimvakalelo ngethemba likaPavlovna Pocalakova, i-Amateur Dedic Operas kunye neepeyinti eziqaqambileyo ze-Renaissance zadani.
Ukwamkela i-orthodoxy, intombi yamaYuda yahlala embindini weRussia, emsebenzini ndadibana nabantu abanetalente. Iimvumi, umbhali, iiMali, abaguquleli kunye nabaPoTess baphila kwihlabathi eliyimfihlakeleyo, begcwele iinkanuko ezitshabalalisayo.
Umdlalo wawuhluke kwabanye abantu basetyhini ngothando lwesinxibo kunye nebhulukhwe, imbonakalo emnandi itsalela zonke iinkosi zepeni. Iimpawu ze-eccentric kunye ne-herceut ye-harzhak-zhukovskaya, umhombiso wabiza uThixo kwimigaqo yoncwadi.
Kwenye yezi ndlela, uSofia wabona ukumkanikazi: UMarina Tesvetaeva uthathwa njengenkwenkwezi ye-moscow ngelo xesha. Iimbongi ekuqaleni zaziqonda iimvakalelo zabanye, nabahlobo baqhwithela ezibizayo ezibizayo ngokubambisana.
Umhlali wedolophu enkulu oyinikele kwimibongo yamaYuda, "intombi" "yentombazana" ngaxeshanye uvakalise ukuzinikela nomsindo. Amanenekazi e-EWTERP 2 Iminyaka "inyamezele", kodwa emva koko zahlukana, akukho nto ithathayo.
E-Tandem, uMarina "wayengu-Marina" wayenguMarina "wayenguSofity", kwaye, ngaphandle komfanekiso wobufazi, uSofia, ongenabunjelwe luthando, wayengaphantsi kuyo yonke into. Ngenxa yolwalamano lomlilo, abantu abaqheleyo benzakala, uSergey Efron wafumana ukulimala kwengqondo.
Kumadadari e-Tsvetaeva, ukubonakaliswa kwiSofia igcinwe, malunga nendlela yokwahlula-hlula kwabo bahamba emacaleni emikhondo yabo. Isizathu esisemthethweni sesithuba sasigqalwa njengomtshato osemthethweni wezibongozo, ukuba yena, ophelisa ngenoveli, wakwazi ukubuyisela.
Kwixa elizayo, umdlali akazange adibane nomdlali we-LUUDMIA ERAMIR, abafazi babeqhubeka nokubonakala kwe-bolsheviks. Babevuya kunxweme olufudumeleyo lweCrimea, ibali lothando lahlala de kuqale i-20s.
Kwiminyaka enzima yendlala yombhali wemifanekiso yenguqulelo i-Fiana Ranevskaya kunye nenani labahlobo abasondeleyo. NgoNjingalwazi olga I-Zuberbiller igxothwe eMoscow, i-poetess ichithe iintsuku ezininzi zovuyo.
IMyuziyam yokugqibela, ifakiwe kwifoto ukusuka kugcino olude, yayinguNina Vedeneev, ogqirha wezonyango kunye nomgqatswa wesayensi. Abafazi bahlala kumadlelo, kude nengxolo enkulu, abantu ababeyinxalenye yesangqa esisondeleyo babehlala beseKashin.
Indalo
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900, umdlalo wanikwa amandla emibongo, imibongo yeshumi elinambini inikelwe kwintombazana yePolyakova. Udluliselo, ama-charaks, iipuzzle kunye nemidlalo yothando yayingumthombo wengeniso ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1900s.
Emva koko umsebenzi kule phephancwadi wabizwa ngokuba "basentla", apho uSohia, esebenzisa iPseutym, wabhala amanqaku anzima. UAndrei Pocalanin, owabuthande kakhulu uOsteta, owayephakathi kweminyaka eli-1910 wanyamalala kwaye wahlala elibalekayo.
Inzala, ejonga oovimba, yafumana amanqaku apapashiweyo malunga no-Anna Akhimatova kunye namalungu evenkile yokuyila ", emele iminyaka yesilivere. Ngokombhali, eyona mfundo iphambili kubantu abakhokelayo baseRussia bafundiswa, inkcubeko, umntu okrelekrele.
Ngeli xesha, uSyric Sonnets waphatha ubugcisa be-poecmatic ngeli xesha, umsebenzi wobusuku "obumhlophe" wazivalela ngabantu abaninzi. Impumelelo yemimandla yokuqala yenziwa ukuba ilibale iinguqulelo ezibhaliweyo, uSofia ufuna ixesha lokuphumeza izimvo.
UMarina Tsvetaeva wafutha ngumsebenzi weembongi ezincinci-injongo yobuqu, esondeleyo yabonakala kwimisebenzi. Ingqokelela yengqokelela ePetpograd ngexesha lokuhlukanisa nentanda yakhe yavula inani elikhulu lamathemba phambi komfazi.
UPHUCISO LOKELWE LUQHUTYELWE IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA, kodwa uninzi lweencwadi lwalusapapashwa nge-1920s. "Ukuba sentsimini", "umculo", "roses yase-Peiaria", egcwele impumelelo ye-goria, enandipha impumelelo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwizangqa ezingathethekiyo kwiMetropolitan Elite.
Xa amaSoviet Avared-Gardies beza kwimijelo ye-potic, kokukhona engoyena mkhulu yimibongo ebhaliweyo. Umjikelo omkhulu we "Messenger" wafundwa kunxweme olumnyama, abantu ababalekayo kwiqela leBolshevik.
I-Linetretto yokuqala yajongwa esidlangalazwa esidlangalaleni kwi-Opera Almal Almater Opera I-Opera esekwe kwi-Moscow ithiyetha. Umbhali uAlexander uchithe ubonelelo ngoncedo lwe-poetess yenziwa likhululwe ngexesha elinzima kwiimvakalelo kunye nengqondo yabantu.
Inkosi yentetho yoncwadi yokuqala ye-1930s yafumana imyuziyam yokugqibela, ibonakala ibuhlungu ubomi. Ukusuka kwimibongo ngeli xesha, kudale kancinci, imigca emifutshane ilahle ukholo eluthandweni.
Ukufa
Ngokwabantu ababephila ngexesha, eSofia bakhalaza malunga nentlungu entliziyweni, kodwa betyhafile ama-mushroom ethathwa njengokufa ngesiquphe. Ukucula ekufeni okukufutshane, lo mfo wabhala ngaphandle kokuma malunga nokutyibilika konwabo olubuthathaka kunye neentshukumo ezimbi zekamva.NgoAgasti 1933, abantu abaninzi bahlanganisana kwintshayelelo yamangcwaba, ingcwaba elitsha elitshisiweyo. I-Boris Paris, Vladislav Khodasevich kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi zoncwadi zababhali bee-necrologists kunye neyona nto ingumboniso.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1916 - "Umbongo"
- Ngo-1922 - "i-roses peieia"
- Ngo-1923 - "Ukuphulukana: Iivesi zika-1922"
- Ngo-1926 - "Umculo"
- Ngo-1928 - "ngelizwi eliphantsi. Imibongo 1926-1927 »»