Biography
UMarina Svalova, umqhubi wokuqala wenqwelomoya kwi-USSR, yenye yamakhulu amawaka abafazi abangamabhinqa afumene imfazwe enkulu yokuqalisa. Uye wanikela ingqalelo kwi-oriyali yokunganyangeki kwi-resich reich-enkosi kumntu oqhelene noJoseph Stalin, ndenza imvume yokwenza i-moya yenqwelomoya. Ngenxa yenkalipho yayo engenamda kunye nenkalipho, i-getch yobusuku inike isihloko segorha leSoviet Union, igama lakhe lalihlala ngonaphakade.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMarina Minina (i-rublova - ifani emtshatweni) wazalwa ngoMatshi 28, 1912 eMoscow, kwikomkhulu le-USSR. Intloko yentsapho i-miselail i-DMMMIRICHICH ifumene ubomi boyilo-eyenziwe kwi-opera kwaye yafundisa abanye ukuba bacule. Enye yeewadi yayiyintombi yakhe kuphela, esuka kwindalo inelizwi elimnandi.
Ngubani owaziyo ukuba i-biography kaMarina yayiza kuqalisa njani ukuba uMikhail Malin wazisa imbono yakhe kude kube sekupheleni kwaye ngewayemenze imvumi ye-opera. Kodwa la madoda ayengekho ngo-Okthobha ka-1919: Wadutyulwa phantsi kwesithuthuthu esiya ekufeni.
Ukunyamekela abantwana, uMarina Malina kunye nomntakwabo waseRoma (ngo-1908), beka emagxeni kamama - i-utimononovV (kwikhoboka lika-Anna). Umvuzo wayo ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi obutofotofo, ngoko abafana kuye kwafuneka baye emsebenzini kwangoko.
Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-17 ubudala uMarina wasebenza kwisityalo se-butyrsky. Apha wadibana nenjineli ye-Gorgey enomtsalane raskovov, efuna ukuqhuba ukholo lwentsapho yakhe, utshatile.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Sergey Ivanovich Rudov yaba ngumyeni kaMarina Masinina ngo-Epreli ka-1929. Bakhawuleza babuhlanganisa ubomi bobuqu kwaye baba ngabazali be-biand yamantombazana. Umntwana odibeneyo akazange ahlukane nomntu obhinqileyo, ngo-Oktobha 1935 wacela uqhawulo-mtshato.
Ubudlelwane obunobuchule bunqunywe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kwakungekho mibuzo malunga nokuba ngubani oya kufundisa intombi, kuba ngelo xesha uMarina Skalov wayezinikele ngokupheleleyo kwinqwelomoya. Nangona kunjalo, waqhubeka nokutyelela iTatiana. Kwimithombo evulekileyo kukho ukufota okudibeneyo kwiminyaka yo-1938.
Emva koko, intombi eqhekezayo yaduma ifani yeqabane linjengeTatyana Golenko.
Inkonzo ebomvu ye-Red
Ngo-1932, emva kwekhefu lokuya kubeleka, uMarina wafumana ilebhu kwilebhu yenqanawa yomoya ye-Air Force Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky. Kwakuye kwadibana nenkanuko yakhe ephambili - inqwelomoya. Ukuqhekeka kuthathe umoya wesayizi 'weentaka zentsimbi ", wayefuna ukubanika amandla kwaye bakhawuleze isibhakabhaka esingapheliyo.UMarina, okhokelela okoyisayo isibhakabhaka, angeniswe kuqeqesho lwembalelwano kwiZiko leLeningrad leinjini zoMoya eziFuni zoMoya. Kwaye ngo-1934 waba ngumNadigator, kwaye ngo-1935 kwizifundo ezongezelelweyo-nomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
I-1930s e-USSR yayiphawuleka ngokuqhuma kwenqwelomoya. Ke wonke umntu walandelwa yimpumelelo ye-VAlory Ckalov, Alexander Anisov, eMikhail Gromova. UMarina Svalova, iValentina Grisubova kunye ne-pilina osipenkngo yaba yinto yabo. Bekungo-1938 kwimbovane yenqwelomoya - 37 "Ilizwe laseMamani" lafaka irekhodi lehlabathi yoluhlu lweenqwelomoya. I "DIMAMI" CRW kwiiyure ezingama-26 i-Overcame 6,450 km phakathi kwe-moscow kunye nempuma engasempuma ngaphandle kodluliselo kunye nokuhlaziya.
Ngenkalipho nobuqili, oboniswe kwindiza, ukwakhiwa kwe "Mamands" wanikwa isihloko samagorha eSoviet Union. Eyokuqala ihlonitshwe yiValentina Grisubov njengommeli-37. Iqokobhe laba lelesibini kwimbali ye-USSR, umfazi owayenikwe inkanyezi "yegolide". Kwindawo yokuthandwa, ukhulule i-Autobiography "Inqaku le-Navigorman" (1939).
Kwinkonzo emkhosini obomvu, uMarina weza kwangowe-1938. Kwangelo xesha, wayeyiarhente ye-NKVD. Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yeLizwe enkulu, wafikelelwa ngumntu omkhulu.
Xa i-Hitler yaseHitler, ngaphandle kwentengiso yemfazwe, yahlasela i-USSR, konke ukuziphendulela kukayise kayise. UMarina Svalova wasebenzisa ithuba leendlela zonxibelelwano zobuqu noJoseph Stalin ukuba alungiselele i-Yak-1 ye-Airlows ye-Yak-1, apho i-lilia ye-White Lilia isebenze - i-lydia ivak, i-ge-2 nePo-2. Inxalenye yokugqibela yenxalenye yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba "ngamagqwirha ebusuku", ukusuka apha kunye nesiteketi somqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Ngexesha elithile emva kokuqala kweMfazwe yeLizwe eliNgcwele, i-Svalois yabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yombutho. Umzekelo, indawo yokuphuphuma kwe-PE-2, yona yena ngokwakhe. Ngexesha lokumiswa kwenombolo ye-Air Inombolo 34 ebhalwe su-2. Incoko yababini noMkomishinala waBantu oMzi-mveliso wezeNcwadi, uAlexei Shahurin, wenza ukuba ubeke endaweni ye-20 entsha ye-PE-2.
Kwakungekho lula ukuba bakwazi ukufundisa oomatshini, kodwa kwi-1943 entsha, iifayile zomoya ze-PE-2 zilungele ukubhabha ukuya kwi-qualing.
Kwindiza ekupheleni kukaDisemba ngo-1942, "amagqwirha ebusuku" ebusweni beRubin noLomani akazange athathe inxaxheba. Iinqanawa zabo zazinemposiso. UMarina akazange ayeke amantombazana akhe engxakini - wachitha i-squadron enkulu ukuya kwi-quadrad kwaye ibuyele eMoscow. YayinguJanuwari 4, 1943.
Ukufa
Ngenxa yomoya onamandla kunye ne-purgi, inqwelo moya eshiyekileyo ye-PE-2 yagcwaliswa esibhakabhakeni kwisidlo sangokuhlwa nge-4 kaJanuwari, ngo-1943, nangona ukuthunyelwa kwabekwa ekuseni. Endleleni, abasebenzi babaleka babe lilifu elinetyala. I-marina svalova yanika iqela ukuba lihambele phambili kwaye iqale idlule kubumhlophe.
I-Gyubin neLomanov ngee-Crews zahlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yokwala, kodwa umphathi wenqwelomoya we-Pe-2 akazange afune ndawo.
NgoJanuwari 7, 1943, ibhombu ye-ruphalov engekafiki kude nelali yaseMikailovka yommandla waseSaratov. Kunye naye, i-kirill hil, i-radist nikolai erofeev kunye nenjineli Vladimir Kruglv. Ngoku kukho ilitye leSikhumbuzo kwindawo yeqela labasebenzi.
Ubusuku obugqwirha ebusuku yayiluphawu lwengqumbo labasetyhini kwi-USSR, ngoko ke eyona-Ofisi kaMgwebi yomkhosi we-USMOFOMOR oMkhosi womkhosi obomvu wawuthabatha uphando lwezizathu zokufa kwakhe. Ikhomishini yengcali yafumanisa ukuba ukuntywila ngokupheleleyo kukaMarina iRualo yayiziiyure ezingama-60 kuphela - iiyure ezingama-30 kwisikolo senqwelomoya nakwiindibano ze-PE-2. Ngamanye amagama, wayengenazo izakhono ezaneleyo zokukhuphisana nemozulu.
Ngokwemiyalelo yamandla oMoya, ngokubonakala okuphantsi, inqwelo moya kufuneka ijike ibuyele kwisiseko, ukuba ipetroli eyaneleyo. Ukuba akunjalo-yiya "isisu" ngaphambi kokuphucula iimeko zemozulu. UMarina wakhawuleza, wagweba inqwelo moya. URubin noLomanonova okanye abanethamsanqa, okanye baguquka ukuba babe ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya.
Ngaphandle kokongamela kakhulu, kufanelekile, wangcwatywa nayo yonke imbeko. Uthuli luphumla kwi-necropolis kwiDolophu yeKremlin kwisikwere esibomvu kwi-moscow.
Imemori
- I-Saratov School No. 93 Ibizwa emva kweMM I-oblova
- Izikhumbuzo zikaMarina rublova kwi-eis, i-oblovo
- IXesha leSikhumbuzo kwilali
- Izitrato, i-alleys kunye ne-marina raskoy yesikwere kwizixeko ezininzi ze-USSR yangaphambili
- Ilali yaseRaskovo kwingingqi yeSaratov yengingqi yeSaratov nakwisithili seSushansky kwingingqi yeMasadan
- I-Tambov School eSikolo seNdawo yaseMkhosini yaseMkhosini yeePildeeers of Marina Raskoy
- I-125th Grissing Biriov I-Occoud Suvorov kunye ne-Kutov Ukukhetha i-Boom Rober
- I-Steamer "Marina Svalova"
- Inqwelomoya yePhatheli ye-Navigator Navigator kunye ne-Bomber-Line-Line-Line ye-Wina Svalova "Ce-134sh
Amabhaso
- Ibheji "Igosa elihlonelweyo le-NKVD"
- Imbasa "yegolide"
- Ii-odolo ezimbini ze-lenin
- I-odolo yemfazwe ye-patriotic ye-1cy