Biography
Ishumi elinambini le-Sultan yoBukhosi base-Ottoman eMurad III yakhunjulwa njengokwabawa kwaye inxaniwe umphathi wabasetyhini. Waqala ixesha ngokubulawa kwabazalwana, edibana nendlela awazama ngayo amandla akhe. Kodwa iindlalifa ziqhubela phambili. Ayifumaneki ukusukela ngoko imbali yenkosi yeziqhamo enjalo kwingxelo ethile, kwingxelo ezithile, iMurad III ishiye ivela kubantwana abangama-45 ukuya kwali-157.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-MURAD III I-BUI iqala ngoJulayi 4, 1546 eManisa, idolophu encinci yoBukhosi base-Ottoman. Igcinwe kwaye ngoku ikwindawo yeTurkey yale mihla.
I-MURAD III abazali ngexesha lokubonakala kwakhe sele benobunzima eluntwini. Utata waseSelim II yayinguSanjak-Beem (oko kukuthi, nguRhuluneli) uManiso, noMama wase-Atif Nurban ngu-Nurbani-Sultan ngumcebisi onokuthenjwa. Bakwazile ukunika unyana wabo abadala oyena mfundo ibalaseleyo, wamfundisa iPersi neArabhu.
Emva kolwaluko lomnyhadala ngo-1557, i-MURAD ye-MURAD i-III yamiselwa i-Sanjak Beeh Akshaira, ekufuphi nedolophu yaseManis. Intloko yegosa elisandul 'ikwenziwa yayinqabile ukucinga ngezinto ezinzulu, wayesebuntwaneni. Ke ngoko, iinkxalabo zikarhulumente zacinga i-Atif Nurban-Sulban.
Ngo-1566, uSuleiman I-Grawers Murad III kunye ne-sulban yeshumi yoBukhosi be-Ottoman. Itrone yayenziwa nguSemiel II, kunye nesikhundla sakhe sangaq-ballis yafunyanwa njengelifa i-murada iIi. Ngo-18, wakhwela uSaruhan - imfundo yonke yendawo.
Nge-13 kaDisemba, 1574 wasweleka yiSelilimi II. Kwaye ukujika kwe-murad III ilifa itrone yoBukhosi base-Ottoman. Ngokungazange bangenise isikhundla somlawuli, wabulala abantakwabo ongama-5 kubantakwabo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ixesha elide, i-MUROD III ifile kwimikhwa ye-sultanov yokuqubha kuqondo lwabasetyhini. Ukususela ngo-1562 ukuya kwi-1583, waneliseke yingqwalaselo ye-fiya uffo uffo. Ngokutsho kwenguqulelo eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi, yayiyintombi yeRhuluneli Corfu, Iziqithi zaseGrisi. Kwi-1560s, le ntombazana ibibiwe yi-Ottoman Pirates yaza yanikezelwa kwi-garad ye-murad i-II.
Kukholelwa ukuba i-neffiy Biffo ayizange ibe ngumfazi osemthethweni waseMurad III, kodwa ngenxa yobuhle obungaqhelekanga kunye nengqondo eqaqambileyo yayinempembelelo enkulu kuye. Yintoni engakhange ayithande i-Atif Nurban-Sultun. Wayenamandla ngakumbi kunempumelelo yamandla. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngo-1581, i-MURAD III yayikukuphela kwendlalifa kuphela kwi-III (1566 R.). Abanye abantwana baseFreeya Buffo (ngokoqikelelo oluthile, malunga neshumi elinambini) bafa ngexesha okanye kwakufutshane emva kokuzalwa.
Ngo-1583, i-Murada III yaqala ukunika amashweshwe, kodwa akukho namnye kubo onokufumana ukusondelelana: ubuhlobo be-Sultan buthathaka. Ngequbuliso ngesiquphe isimangalo saye sayiswa yi-Fiya Buffo. Njengokuba, wamqalekisa inkosi yakhe, ukuba angabelani nabanye. Intombazana ibanjiwe yaza yatshutshiswa.
Akukaziwa ukuba i-tiya fiya fauffo izakuqala ukuba iMurada III ayibuyiseli amandla okuba abantwana. Iyeza elalinefuthe elibi lancedwa - ngoku e-Sultan lazange lilale indlala indlala. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka elandelayo, i-harem yakhe yakhula nge-gememetric. Abantu abakhulelweyo banokuba ngaxeshanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 amashweshwe. Phakathi kwabafazi "abazithandayo", iMuraD III zidweliswe nguShemirukhsar, uFulana, noNarriverr noShahykhubhan.
"Ingcambu" uSultiya fiya fagobfo iqonde ngokuchanekileyo, ndide ndikhethe kwaye ndithenge amashweshwe. I-MURAD III ikuxabisile le ndlela yokuziphatha. Waqhubeka ebonisana nalo mfazi malunga nemicimbi ye-State. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje yobomi kunye nesijwili, waphinda wafumana ulawulo lokhathalelo malunga nengqwalaselo nothando lwe-murad III.
Bangaphi abantwana abanike ubomi obuqhelekileyo bobuqu baseMurad III-okwangoku awazi. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi amanqaku ayehamba kumakhulu. Ungasiqonda isikali ngenxa yezi nyaniso zilandelayo: I-Mehmed III ibunjiwe malunga neendlalifa ezingama-20 zikayise, xa waba sisisulwa ngo-1595. Ngokulandelelana kwayo kwabulala amashweshwe ali-15 okhulelwe. Njengoko kunokubonwa, isiko lokukhupha abakhuphiswano yayikwindlela yezinto ze-Ottoman.
Ngokutsho kwezinye iinguqulelo, i-Murad III ibivela ku-19 ukuya kwangama-26, kwaye ukusuka kwiintombi ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-33. Uninzi lwe-hiress ngo-1598 lwayonakalisa isibetho. Kodwa uAshe-Sultan (1565 R.) kunye ne-Fatma-Sultan (1580 g.), Wazalwa kwi-Firiya ufforfo kunye nelona lithandwa ngumlawuli, wasinda. Bangamaqabane adumileyo.
Ibhunga lolawulo
I-MURAD III yayingengomlawuli onoxanduva. Ukhuthaze ubukhulu bokunyoba nokungakhathali, onke amandla aphantsi kwakhe kwi-ties enxulumene noko. Ukwenzela ukunqanda ukuwa koBukhosi base-Ottoman, imiba kaRhulumente isisombulule i-vizier (oko kukuthi, uMphathiswa, esemthethweni) siwile-pasha. Wabulawa ngo-1579, kwaye imeko yayinzima kakhulu.
Ukususela ngo-1555, uBukhosi base-Ottoman babekwilizwe elinemigangatho yeSefavoid. UMurad III, wayenengqondo yetrone yomnquli, ingenele imfazwe. Wathabatha ukusuka kwi-1578 ukuya kwi-1590. Ukusebenzisa ubuthathaka botshaba, i-sultun izamile ukuphonononga uMntla Merika kwaye ihlangane neembono zeSelim II kwikolonimoning. Kodwa wahlangatyezwa kukuhlaselwa kwenqanawa eSpain, kwaye koyisa imimandla emitsha kwakufuneka anqawe.
Imfazwe ayikho kuphela inkohliso, kodwa ikwalishishini elibiza kakhulu. Ngenxa ye-murad III yothuli lobukumkani base-Ottoman, imbambano yezemali ivele. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwakuyimfuneko ukuphumelela ugqatso lweengalo, ukuqeqesha amajoni ukuze aphathe imipu. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwakuyi-100%, ngelixa ukuthenga igunya lawa kabini, ekwacaphukisa ireyithi yoluntu.
Kuphela kuphela ukuphela kweMfazwe ye-Ottoman-sefavoid yanceda ekusombululeni imeko. Inani labemi kunye noloyiso olufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ngokwe-Istanbul Goxi iSivumelwano se-1590, imimandla emi-8 eyongezelelweyo yajoyina imeko yeMURAD III. Ewe, kwaye ngokubanzi, kangangeminyaka engama-21 yolawulo lwale nkundla ye-sultan, uBukhosi base-Ottoman wafika ngobukhulu bebukhulu - ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, umhlaba waseburhulumenteni wafikelela kwiimitha ezili-19 502,000. km.
Khange ndibenalo ixesha lokuphela, njengoko elinye laqala. Kude kube ngu-1593, uBukhosi be-Ottoman kunye ne-habsburg inkanuko yayibubudlelwane obunoxolo. Le meko itshintshile xa i-vizier ye-vide-pasha iwele umda wale meko ngenxa yenqaku elicwangcisiweyo - inqaba ye-Sisk. Umkhosi wasempuma wayengaphezulu kakhulu kumchasi ama-2, kodwa wasoyisa.
Idabi laseSisalak lisebenze njengokuqala kwemfazwe yeshumi elinesithathu phakathi koBukhosi be-Ottoman kunye ne-habsburg. Kodwa yayingasakhathali ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibambe isiphelo sakhe seMurada III.
Ukufa
I-MURAD III isweleke ngoJanuwari 15, 1595. Unobangela wokufa kukuhenyuza kwingqondo. I-Sultan yayineminyaka engama-49 ubudala-ubudala malunga nala maxesha buhlonipha kakhulu. Umzekelo: Utata wakhe kunye noSeliyeli olwe kwangaphambili i-II kwiminyaka engama-50, kwaye unyana oqhubayo kunye noMgucweli we-Mehmed III - kwiminyaka engama-37.
I-MURAD III ingcwatyelwe engcwabeni ecaleni kwe-Sofia Catncirral e-Istanbul, esona sixeko sikhulu seTurkey. Ngakwele ecaleni kwakhe, kufutshane - iidimari kunye nabantwana, abantu abangama-54 nje. Le mpahla inde, ngoku zivaliwe ngendwangu eluhlaza.