Biography
I-Earl Gardner ngumbhali waseMelika, yenye yezona zinto zithethwa kakhulu kunye nababhali be-XX yenkulungwane ye-XX. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yoncwadi, eyaziwa ngokuba yigqwetha lengcali, i-facerian kunye ne-adventure. Umlinganiswa onomdla wokwanda kosaziwayo ungqina imbali yakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Earl Stanley Gardner yazalwa nge-17 kaJulayi, nge-1889 kwisixeko saseMalden, eMassachusetts. Wayengumntwana wesibini kaCharles Walter kunye noGrace Adelner. Unyana wabo olizibulo uWalter wajika iminyaka emibini. Umncinci, uKenneth, wavela nge-1901th. Abazali bakhokelele indlela yokuphila ye-notadic, kuba intloko yentsapho yayisebenza njengenjineli yemigodi.
Njengomntwana, iRarl yayidume ngokuba ubungakanani bomsindo kwaye ayitshintshisisikolo esinye ngaphambi kokuba imfundo yesibini igqityiwe ngo-1909. Kumfundi, wathatha inxaxheba ngokulwa ngokungekho semthethweni umdlalo wokulwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye wagxothwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseValparaiso e-Indiana ye "Unjingalwazi".
Kodwa umfana wayesafumana umsebenzi: Wazinza izicatshulwa kwinkampani i-Oksnard, eCalifornia, apho usenza igunya lejurissidPridence. Kwisi-21, ngaphandle kwemfundo esesikweni, i-Earl yadlula kwiimviwo ezifanelekileyo kwaye yafumana imvume yokufumana i-gorsor.
Iqela elincinci lavula iofisi, kwaye kamva layityikitya imvumelwano kwiSithili seVentura, eCalifornia, apho wayesebenza khona de kwangowe-1933. Emva koko, umbhali waxelela ukuba akayithandi indlela yesiqhelo yomthetho osemthethweni, kodwa batsala iinkqubo zesemthethweni, ngakumbi ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwejaji.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Earl ilungiselele ubomi bakhe bobuqu ngaphandle kokuyeka emsebenzini. Inkosikazi yakhe yaba nguNatalie Francis wabetrice uthetha njengonobhala kwiofisi yoluntu. Umtshato wenzeka nge-9 ka-Epreli, ngo-1912, kwaye kunyaka olandelayo intombi yavela entsatsheni, i-hatilie isisa. Ifoto yamaqabane kunye namanye amaxesha obomi babo anokufumaneka kwinethiwekhi.
Emva kweminyaka eli-18, isibini esitshatileyo saqhekeka, kodwa le ndoda ayizange ingene emtshatweni omtsha de kufike umfazi wokuqala (1968). Emva koko, watyikitya neAgnes Jetan (1902-2002), eyayisebenza njengonobhala ukusukela ngo-1930 nango-1930 kwaye yayiyindlela ye-Delila yeSitalato, i-Perry Mason's.
Iincwadi
Kumbuza ukuba kutheni ebhala, umbhali wake wavuma:"Ndenza ukuba ndenze imali kwaye ... ndizise umfundi wokwenene."Umbhali waqala ukupapashwa ngo-1921 waza wakhupha inani elimangalisayo lamabali namabali. Babemalunga nama-600, kwaye uninzi lwamabali olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ixesha elide, i-Earl ibhalile umatshini wokushicilela, ukuchwetheza (rhoqo phantsi kwePmeundenym) imizobo enemifanekiso edidayo. Kuyo, wadala igalari yokwenyani yehlabathi, enezixhobo eziqaqambileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingabalinganiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1930s, imagazini eMnyama ye- "Mask" ipapashe uthotho lwamabali eegadi zegadi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwegqwetha lokukhusela uKenning Kenning dolophu. Ngeendlela ezininzi, yayiyindlela yommeli wentsomi eyaziwa kwihlabathi.
Ngo-1933, uMbhali owathandwayo wakhulula inoveli yakhe yokuqala epheleleyo "ye-velvet" ye-velvet ", apho wazisa igqwetha le-verry negqwetha i-upry. Incwadi yaba kukubetha kwangoko emva kokuphuma, kwaye umbhali waqalisa ukuzisa kwindlu yokupapasha ngokomgangatho omnye qho kwiinyanga ezi-4.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, i-pictar enye yathabatha ithambe kwaye ilumkile- ke umbhali wayenethemba lokwenza iqhawe elinomtsalane kubahleli be-Sax Sass yangoMgqibelo. Ebutsheni be-1950s, ukuhlolwa kweencwadi malunga nomcuphi kwapapashwa, kwaye ezinye iikopi zapapashwa kumaphephandaba ngaphambi kokuphuma ngokusemthethweni. Emva kwexesha iifilimu ezikhutshwe, iRadoshou, amagqabi kunye nemiboniso yeTV eyaziwayo negalelo kwimpumelelo yomjikelo weRomanov.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yeGardnener kukho uthotho lweengcali zabucala i-Berta Kul noDonald Lame, malunga nomtshutshisi wolwaluko we-Dug Selby kunye neSheriff Will Efson. Ukhuphe uphando kunye neencwadi ezithandwayo kwiMexico.
Ngokudibeneyo nabahlobo-igqwetha, amayeza agwebayo, abaphandi, umbhali wayebandakanyeka kwiprojekthi "kwinkundla yamatyala okuqala". Esi sicwangciso sicinge ukuhlaziywa kwamatyala kunye nokuchonga iimpazamo zenkundla ngokunxulumene nomtyholwa.
Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1952, incwadi yapapashwa apho iGarnenera yanikwa ibhaso le-Edgar kwicandelo "olona tyala lubalaseleyo." Emva kwexesha kukho uthotho lwegama elifanayo.
Ezona ncwadi zithandwayo kwi-bibliography yomfanekiso obhaliweyo "zineliso eline-bubbitay", "ibhere", "umakazi".
Ukufa
Umbhali wasweleka nge-11 kaMatshi ngo-1970 kwi-81 endlwini yakhe eTemekule. Umzimba wakhe watshiswa, kwaye uthuli luyekiswa ngePeninsula oyithandayo. I-Rancho Del Paisano, ebizwa ngokuba yiRancho de del Paisano, yathengiswa, kwaye ngo-2001 wadluliselwa kumaIndiya. Intsimi yaphinda yabizwa ngokuba yi-Oak enkulu ye-OAK kwaye yenze inkqubela phambili yenkqubela phambili yenkqubela phambili.
Kuma-200 kwizikrini, kumabonakude "proerry mason" ngokusekwe kwimisebenzi yeGardner. Indima yomlinganiswa ophambili uye kwi-Actor Mat Mat.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1929-1943 - Series "Leight Leit"
- Ngo-1930-1939 - Series "Paul Pry Pry"
- Ngo-1933-1973 - Series "Perry Mason"
- Ngo-1937-1949 - Uhlobo lwe-Delby Selby
- Ngo-1938-1946 - Terry Klein Series
- Ngo-1939-1970 - uthotho lwe "Berta Kul noDonald Lam"
- Ngo-1941-1943 - Series "Graps viggines"
- Ngo-1945-1949 - Series "I-Sheriff Bill Eldon"
- Ngo-1948-1958 - Series "Inkundla yeThemba lokugqibela"