Biography
I-Standeri ye-Stenac yizopolitiko yaseUkraine, umzobo ophambili wesizwe saseUkraine. I-School Banddera biegraphy izaliswe luthotho lweziganeko ezibi, le politiki idlulile kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, ukubulala nasekuphandeni, uninzi lwezibakala zebhayiloji yakhe zisagutyungelwe ziimfihlo zemfihlo. Nangona kunjalo, i-data ezininzi kwi-adoanvich bandera ziyaziwa ngokuthile, ngenxa ye-autobiografi ebhalwe nguwe kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba afe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Standeri ye-Stenary yazalwa nge-1 kaJanuwari, nge-1909 kwilali yase-UUGrinov (ubukumkani baseGalikiya naseLomomeria, eOmomeria, eOmomeria, eOmomeria, eOmomeria, eCungary) kwintsapho yamaGrike kaGrisi. Ishumi elinesibini lazalwa ngumntwana wesibini, emva kwakhe, abantwana abathandathu babonakala entsatsheni.
Abazali babengenalo ikhaya labo, bahlala kwindlu yenkonzo ababeyiCawa yamaGrike amaGrike eUkraine. Kwi-autobiography yakhe, isibhengezo sabantu abadala sabhala:
Ukususela ebuntwaneni kwintsapho baba ngukumkani umoya wokuthandabuza, abazali bakhulisa umdla wesizwe ophilayo wenkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye noluntu kubantwana.Kwindlu yenkonzo kwabakho ilayibrari enkulu, ipolitiki ebalulekileyo ipolitiki yatyelela: Mikhail GavRIle, Yaroslav Veselovskinsky, ePavel Groddzinsky. Babenefuthe elingenakuphikiswa kwinkokeli yexesha elizayo yombutho wabahlali baseUkraine (oundula). Imfundo yokuqala i-banddera ifunyenwe ekhaya, wafundiswa nguyise ka-Andrei Bandera, kunye nezinye iisayensi zafundisa ootitshala abangenayo baseUkraine.
I-Banderi Standera yeNcwadi yayinenkolo enkulu, ikamva lenkokeli ye-oun yayingumntwana othobelayo, ebahlonela abazali bakhe. I-Bandera kwasebuncinaneni bakukholelwa, kusasa kwaye ngokuhlwa wayethandazela ixesha elide. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, iBanderi yaseSitata yayiza kuba ngumlo wenkululeko yeUkraine, ngokunjalo ngasese ngabazali bakhe, uyalela umzimba wakhe. Ngenxa yemithambo yeentlungu ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo, i-bandera yabonakala i-ruatism yamajoyina, eyayimlandela de kwada kwafa.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala, i-bandera yabona ukuqala kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, ikhaya labo latshabalala, kuba i-Ugrinov yakudala yenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi. I-gorge engalindelekanga kumsebenzi wentshukumo yenkululeko yesizwe yayiyimpembelelo enkulu ngakumbi kumsebenzi wakhe ongaphezulu. Utata we-bandera wathatha inxaxheba kule ntshukumo: Wayenegalelo ekwenzeni abahlali beelali ezijikelezileyo zemikhosi egcweleyo, kwaye nabo bawanike zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko.
Ngo-1919, iBanderi yaseSitanse yangena kwindawo yokuzivocavoca kwidolophu yaseStry, apho wafunda iminyaka esibhozo, apho yayifundwe isibini, isiGrike, uncwadi nembali, imbali. Kwindawo yokuzivocavoca malunga ne-bandera ekhunjulwa "njenge" Phantsi, inxibe kakubi kuloo ndoda. " Ngokubanzi, i-bandera yayingumfundi osebenzayo kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesifo samajoyina: Wayenemidlalo, wathatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yolutsha emininzi, ecula ekwayaweni kwaye edlala izixhobo zomculo.
Ukuqala kwe-Drier
Emva kokuba i-Gymnasium Swean yazibandakanya nomsebenzi wenkcubeko kunye nemfundo, uqoqosho, kwaye yakhokelela kwi-mugs ezahlukeneyo zolutsha. Kwangelo xesha, i-bandera yasebenza phantsi kombutho wasemkhosini waseUkraine (u-Wivo) wabhalela ilungu laseWevi kuphela ngo-1928, kodwa ngalo mbutho ndandiyinto yokuzivocavoca kwanembali.
Ngo-1928, uStenan wafudukela eLviv, apho wafunda khona kwi-LVIVECNIC kwisebe le-AGMIMISEKILE. Kwangelo xesha baqhubeka nokusebenza e-Wev kunye ne-ouve. I-bandera yenye yamalungu okuqala e-oun kwintshona yeUkraine. I-Wanddera yesaqhwithi i-bandera yayiyintsalela: Umnxibelelanisi ophantsi komhlaba wephephabhuku le-satirical "ikratshi lesizwe", umququzeleli wesizwe ", umququzeleli wokuhanjiswa ngokungekho semthethweni kwi-Ukraine yoHlelo lwaphesheya.
Ngo-1932, i-Worten Steen Banddera ifumene umjikelo omtsha wophuhliso: Ekuqaleni wathabatha isithuba seSekelane-Oun ye-Oun Ukractor kwisebe le-IKRAAT ye-ouve-wev. Ukususela ngo-1930 ukuya ku-1933, iBandera yeNqana yeTachra yabanjwa malunga nezihlandlo ezihlanu: kwi-Antipol Propaganda, ke ukuzama ukuzama i-commissitade yamapolisa ekommishini e.
Uqhankqalazo
NgoDisemba 22, 1932, xa ukubulawa kweMikhosi yase-Entilishada noBelishin naseBendera baququzelela isenzo sokuqhawula i-propaganda: Ngexesha lokubulawa, zonke iicawa ze-LVIVILE zasasazwa kwi-Bell.
I-bandera yayingumbutho kunye nolunye uqhankqalazo oluninzi. Ngokukodwa, nge-3 kaJuni, ngo-1933, iBandera yeSibini yakhokelela ekusebenzeni kweSoviet kwi-LIKOLIK lemik, eyayibulele uMhla weShort kuphela ngenxa yokuba ixhoba ngokwalo lalingelilo ngelo xesha. Kule, i-lymimic yayigwetywa ubomi ubomi.
NgoSeptemba 1933, i-bandera ilungelelanise iphulo elithi "iphulo lesikolo, apho iSikolo sase-Incofrensi yaseUkraine sayifaka khona yonke iPoland: ukusuka kwisimboli ukuya kulwimi. Kweli nyathelo, bakwazile ukusebenzisa, ngokwemithombo yeendaba yasePoland, amashumi amawaka abafundi abafunda isikolo. Ukongeza, iBandera yeSibini yayingumququzeleli wokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwezopolitiko: Ayisiyo yonke imisebenzi eye yaphumelela, abathathu bafumana ububanzi boluntu:
- Ukuzama kwi-curator yesikolo iGadovsky;
- ukuzama kwi-soviet conul e-LVIV;
- Ukubulawa nokubulawa kukaMphathiswa Wezemicimbi yangaphakathi yePoland Bronislav Peratsky (nge-15 kaJuni, i-riplomat yayidutyulwe kwiintloko ezintathu ngasemva kwentloko.
I-bandera yayingumququzeleli kunye nomthathi-nxaxheba kwinani elikhulu lezenzo zobunqolobi, apho amapolisa abuleweyo, amapolisa asePoland, amaKomanisi asekuhlaleni, i-Galkky Bitty yezopolitiko kunye nezalamane zabo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu baseUkraine baba ngamaxhoba e-oun. Ngomgaqo-nye, i-bandera ngo-1934 yavuthelwa yiBhodi yoHlelo lwephepha lephepha lasekhohlo "i-PATA" ("Fizass"). Iziqhushumbisi kwiBhodi yokuHlela ibeka i-oun-yazisa i-oun ye-oun, i-Lviv verits ye-yekateritsky.
Ukuqukumbela
Nge-2 kaJulayi ngo-1936, iBandera yeSitata yolwaphulo-mthetho lwayo yabetha "i-Mokontow" Intolongo yeMokoww eWarsaw. Ngemini elandelayo wafudukela kwi "Povetna Ksiza" "Intolongo (" Cross "), engakude ne-kielts. I-bandera ikhumbula ukuba imbi entolongweni ngenxa yokunqongophala kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuphila: Ukukhanya, amanzi kunye nephepha. Ukususela ngo-1937, iimeko zokuhlala ejele zaziqiniswa ngakumbi, ngenxa yoko i-bandera neodolo ngokwakhe yalungelelanisa indlala yeentsuku ezili-16, ukuqhankqalaza kulawulo lwentolongo. Lo mbhobho wendlala waqatshelwa, i-bandera yaya kunyinyiva.
Ngexesha lokuqukumbela, i-bandr ihamba ngeentolongo ezahlukeneyo, awayeqhuba ngazo uqhanqalazo. Emva kokuba iJamani ihlasela iPoland, kwakhululwa i-bandera, njengabanye amatyala aseUkraine.
Nge-5 kaJulayi ngo-1941, kwamenywa umtyangeli ukuba ahlangabezane nabasemagunyeni ekutyhulweni-thethwano, kodwa kwintlanganiso eyayibanjiwe, kuba wayengafuni ukuyeka "isenzo sokuphinda-phinda", emva koko Babekwa kuqala kwi-Inter yaseJamani yaseJamani eKrakow, kwaye emva konyaka onesiqingatha kwinkampu yoxinaniso "ZEKSHANHAUSE". Apho, wagcinwa kwibhlokhi "nabantu bezopolitiko", wayehlala ejongwa.
Xa abazalwana bakwa-bin Aale ukubonelela ngesindululo kwabasemagunyeni abasemagunyeni, akazange abe lixhoba lentshutshiso entsha, kodwa wasala "ngaphezulu kwento eyenzekayo" - wayehlala eJamani kwaye engasebenzi. Wazama ukwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni eUkraine, kodwa yahlukaniswa ngokupheleleyo kuye. Kodwa ayikabi ixesha elide, emva kokuqinisekiswa kwe-oun, sele ephelela kwi-ouns (b) kwinyathelo le-shukhevich ngo-1945.
Ukufa
I-Stande Standera yafa ngokufa kwakhe, wabulawa ngo-Oktobha 15, 1959 eMunich. Ngokwemithombo yolwazi, ukubulawa kweBandsara yeSibini kwenzekayo kwenzekile kwindlu yakhe: Weza ekhaya kwisidlo sasemini, kodwa walindile umzuzu we-KGB Bogdan ka-Stashdan ngoJanuwari ngoncedo yePotasium ye-cyanide.
U-Bandera wafumana abamelwane abakuvayo ukukhala kwakhe. Kwacingelwa ukuba umntu abhubhile ekukhubazekeni kwentliziyo, kodwa isizathu sokwenyani sokubulawa kweBandera yeSitaliya sanceda ekufumaneni iiarhente zokunyanzelwa komthetho.
I-stanlen ka-Senler Badder Bogdan Stashdan i-Stashdan ibanjiwe ngamapolisa aseJamani, ngo-1962, kwakuvavanywa okukhulu ngokuchasene ne-Sta -ky, apho waqonda ukuba unetyala. Iarhente ye-KGB yagwetywa iminyaka esibhozo, kodwa emva kweminyaka emithandathu ejele, i-stashinsky yanyamalala kwindawo engaziwayo.
Isihloko seqhawe le-Ukraine
I-Prexelily ngo-2010, iBanderi yaseSitari ifumene isihloko se-hugo ye-ukraine, eyamnika uMongameli Wich Wicchenko "ngenxa yomoya." Emva koko uYushchenko eqapheliweyo ukuba izigidi zabaseUkraine zazilinde ixesha elide xa i-bandera yamkelwe iqhawe le-iUkraine, kwaye isigqibo se-AWSCHINE YOMBULELO SE-TSECKAN .
Nangona kunjalo, esi siganeko sabangela ukuba kuthathwe isikhundla esikhulu esidlangalaleni, abaninzi babengavumelani nesigqibo sika-Yushchenko. Kwi-European Union, kwasandul 'ukuphendula kakubi kwesi siganeko, ke ngoko kwabizwa ngokuba nguMongameli omtsha weViktor YanivOvvch ukucima isigqibo.
Okwangoku, ubuntu beqela lesibini ibangela umbono wokujonga uluntu eluntwini: Ukuba kukho uphawu lomzabalazo weUkraine, empuma yeUkraine, i-Porland neRussia baqonda ukuba le phrotine imbi kakhulu.
Ngubani "Bandera"?
Umbono "we-bandera" wenzekile kwigama lokugqibela i-bandsera, okwangoku sele liligama elingubani na othi-kuluntu lwanamhlanje "babiza bonke ubuzwe.
Imithombo yolwazi "ye-bandera" kuluntu lwanamhlanje ayithethi ukuba i-banderes inesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kwi-bandera yesanda kwi-bandra-i-ke ibizwa ngokuba yiyo yonke imibono ye-bandera.