Biography
U-Barack Obama ngoyena mntu kwezopolitiko obalaseleyo kwihlabathi liphela, iindibano ezininzi ezaphukileyo ngenxa yengqondo yayo ebandayo. Owona Mongameli wama-44 waseUnited States, owaba yintloko yokuqala yoRhulumente kwimbali yelizwe. Uphumelele ibhaso likaNobel yehlabathi le-2009.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Barack Hussein Jr. Nge-4 ka-Agasti, nge-Hunny Islands, i-Annjana Barack Ann Dunham Dunham nge-Ann ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwe I-America Melika ye-American. Ngelo xesha, ngelixa abazali abancinci bafumana imfundo, umakhulu wakhe u-Mandeleine Lieen Deem wayekhule kwi-barrack encinci.
Ngo-1964, abazali bolunye u-Obama baqhawule umtshato, ngoko ke inkwenkwe yahlala ngaphandle kwengcaciso ye-cuna kunye nenkxaso. Ngo-1967, uMama kaBharaki waphinda watshata neIndonesia Lowom, kwaye usapho lwafudukela eJakarta, apho wazalwa khona udade oselula waseBharaki. Emkhosini, inkwenkwana yaya kwisikolo semfundo jikelele yendawo, kodwa ekupheleni kwebanga le-4 leBarack kwakhona iphinde yabuyela kumakhulu okukhula e-Honolulu. Kwiziqithi zaseHawaiii, intloko yexesha elizayo ye-United States yafumana imfundo epheleleyo yesikolo sabucala esiqinisekileyo "Phantehou". Kwiminyaka yesikolo, uBharaki wayekuthanda i-basketball kwaye kunye neqela laphumelela ubuNtshatsheli boMbuso.
I-Barack yeminyaka yobuntwana kunye nesikolo uBarack obama echazwe kwincwadi ye-Autobiographical "amaphupha katata", wafumana ihlazo lokuziphatha, ethatha i-cacaine, kodwa etshayayo i-marijuana, kodwa wayeka i-cocaine, kodwa eyeka ngexesha , ifumene imfundo ephezulu kwaye yafika eziphakameyo kwezopolitiko.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, uBharaki wafudukela eLos Angeles, apho wangena khona kwiKholeji yasentshona, nasemva kwexesha watshintshelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York kwiCandelo lezoBudlelwane bamazwe. IZiko lezoqoqosho lase-US kwaye yaba sisiqalo kwikhondo lomsebenzi woMongameli waseMelika wexesha elizayo. Kude kube sekupheleni kweDyunivesithi, sele esebenza njengeziko loPhando lweShumi eNew York kunye neZiko leShishini leHlabathi liphela.
Ukufumene isidanga se-bachelor, uBharaki wagqiba kwelokuba akhule ulwazi kwicandelo lolawulo. Ngo-1988, wafudukela eChicago kwaye wabhaliswa kwisikolo somthetho eHarvard kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, ngokuhambelana nophando lwephepha le-Harvard Lawnicans, ukuba lize kwimbali ye Ukupapashwa ngumhleli waseAfrika waseAfrika.
Ngo-1991, uBarack Obama wafumana idiploma kagqirha ngembeko (iMagna Cum laude), emva koko yabandakanyeka kwezomthetho, ukukhusela amalungelo "ocalucalulo enkundleni. Ukongeza, uMongameli wase-US unamava ohlanganisiweyo, ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-10 yokufundisa umthetho ngomgaqo-siseko kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago.
Imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yezopolitiko
Umsebenzi Umgaqo-nkqubo weBarack Obama waqala ngo-1997 kwi-Illinois, apho wafumana khona usihlalo wepati ye-US rande. Eyona mfundiso iphambili yezopolitiko yesahluko se-United States ngelo xesha yayiyinkxaso yeentsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi, ukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseMelika ukusuka kwi-Iran, ukuphuculwa kwemfundo yangaphambi kwesikolo, ukuqinisa ulawulo lomsebenzi wemizimba yophando ye ilizwe. Ukuthandwa kuka-Obama kunye nenkxaso yabantu baseMelika kufanele ukubulela kumlo oqaqambileyo ngokuchasene nocalucalulo kunye nenkxaso yeProjekthi yoPhuculo lweMpilo ngokubanzi.
Ukusukela ngo-2004, u-Obama ujoyine ugqatso lokuqala lwendawo kwiSenate yeCongress yase-US kwaye emva kwentlawulo yakhe yaseJack, iphumelele uloyiso oluqinisekileyo ngaphezu kwabachasi abathandathu.
Ngowe-2005, ebetha US Yeengwevu, Barack Obama yafakwa nangoko kwiikomiti ezininzi, oko kukuthi, ukuba uqhagamshele ekusombululeni imiba enxulumene nemisebenzi yoluntu, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, ubudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe kunye nemicimbi neenkonde. Ngelo xesha, u-Obama watyelela iRussia okokuqala, apho ebexoxa imibuzo malunga nokungasebenzi kwezixhobo ze-lesion enkulu.
I-Senator entsha yase-US yakhawuleza yaphumelela iNgxabano yomatshini wokushicilela kwaye yaba ngowona mzobo ubalulekileyo kwezopolitiko zeWashington. Ukuwa kuka-2006, okanye kuluntu kungathandabuzi ukuba abantu "abathandayo" beqela ledemokhrasi babethabatha inxaxheba kunyulo lukaMongameli wase-US ka-2008 kwaye baya kuba yisahluko esilandelayo selizwe laseMelika.
Ezi ngcinga ziqinisekisiwe - ngo-2007, u-Obama wabhengeza ngokusemthethweni ukuba ajoyine ugqatso lukaMongameli kwaye uqalise ukulungiselela inkqubo yonyulo. Wagxila kwimiba yezopolitiko yeli lizwe kunye nezoqoqosho, kunye nenkxaso yeengxwaba eziphantsi zengeniso yabantu baseMelika, ezazixhaswa ngabemi base-US. Emva koko i-58 yeedola ezingama-58 iqokelelwe ukuxhasa iphulo lakhe kaMongameli, isahlulo sesithathu sabantu abaqhelekileyo. Enkosi koku, uMongameli we-United States wala imali yenkxaso-mali yephulo lakhe kwaye ngokuzithemba phambi kwabachasi bakhe ngohlanga loMongameli "ewe sinako".
Ngaphandle kokuthandwa ngumgqatswa, iphulo lonyulo lalingekabikho ngaphandle kokugqithisa. Esinye sezithembiso ze-barrack yayikukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseMelika kwi-Iraq, kodwa kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana nabathathi-ntsapho, uSenator wenza isiphoso sobomi amajoni aseMelika athatha inxaxheba kwimikhosi yaseMbindi Mpuma. Kule ngxelo, u-Obama ahlawule ukwehla komgangatho, okwakufuneka abuyisele inkcazo yembono yakhe kunye nokucela uxolo.
Nangona wayengama-Afrika amaMelika aseMelika, abameli abanempembelelo kule mincinci ayizange bakhawuleze kwinkxaso yomviwa. Ukusuka kuYise ka-Obama, u-Obama akazange abe yeyamazukulwana babanjiwe, uBharaki Sr wayetyelele umfundi kwiKenya yangoku. Ngaphandle kolwazi oluvela kumaphephandaba, malunga nookhokho bekanina waseSenator, ezinye zazo zaya kuba ngamakhoboka.
Ekugqibeleni, u-Obama uphumelele unyulo kamongameli kwaye waba yipolitiki yokuqala yokuqala eyathabatha iholo ye-oval yeNdlu eMhlophe. Uphumelele i-51% yeevoti kwaye wafumana inkxaso kwii-imeyile ezingaphezulu kwe-300.
Ixesha lokuqala lomongameli laseBarack Obama lalikude nelifu. I-America yaya "kwiLifa" leSahluko esitsha kwimo ebalulekileyo: Eyona meko imbi kakhulu yemali yaqwalaselwa kweli lizwe ukusukela kwi-30s kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, "uMongameli waBantu" akazange ayeke ubunzima, kwaye wangeniswa kwinzaliseko yemisebenzi yephulo lakhe lonyulo lokuzisa urhulumente kwindawo ephambili yehlabathi.
Kunyaka emva konyulo, intloko ye-State yanikwa amabhaso e-Nobel yehlabathi kwicandelo "lokuqinisa i-diplomaticy kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu." Kucingelwa ukuba umvuzo ka-Obama ufumene ukudalwa kwezinto eziphambili ekunciphiseni izixhobo zenyukliya. Ngaphambili, iipremiyamu zazukiswa nge-roodore roosevelt kunye ne-willrow wilson.
Impumelelo ye-Obama ngexesha lokuqala le-USA ibalulekile - wayeqhuba inani lohlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho nezopolitiko, ulwabiwo lwe- $ 787 yeebhiliyoni zenkqubo yeMpilo yoMongameli, enkosi ngo-2014, i-95% yabemi banikwa i-inshurensi yezonyango. Ukongeza, uMongameli waseUnited States wagqiba umsebenzi wemikhosi e-Iraq, ukuze afumane icandelo lokugqibela le-US ngo-2010 ukusuka kumhlaba weRiphabliki. Ngo-2011, isigqibo esilandelayo soMgaqo-nkqubo weNgenyazizwe u-Obama yayiyinxaxheba kumkhosi waseMelika kwi-NaO
Ukusondela kunyulo lukaMongameli olandelayo ngo-2012, uBharaki wabhengeza injongo yokuqhubeka nokulawula ilizwe kwaye wabeka phambili ukugxininisa ukuba ukuqokelelwa kwemali kwiphulo lonyulo. Ngelo xesha, intsilelo yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kweli lizwe iqhubekile nokuhlala iyona ngxaki iphambili yaseMelika, kodwa abavoti baqinisekileyo ukuba iBhili ye-Anti-Chilis isebenza kwaye inani elipheleleyo lokuphunyezwa liseza kuzaliseka.
Ngokwamajelo aseNtshona, eli xesha u-Obaba akwazi ukuqokelela isixa-mali serekhodi kwiphulo lezigidi ezingama-934, apho i-200 yezigidi ichithwe kumxholo wekomkhulu lonyulo. "Inzondelelo" yabavoti xa kuthelekiswa no-2008 yi-UGS eninzi, kodwa umsebenzi ocacileyo we "Imoto yonyulo" yanceda u-Obama ukuba aphumelele ugqatso lukaMongameli kwaye phambi komdlali welinye iqela.
Ikota yesibini yeBhodi yaseBarack Obama yaza yagcwele ngeziganeko ezimbi, kwaye ke ngoko intetho yesibini "yabonakala eluntwini, kuba umlawuli wesibini onobumnyama waba ngomnye umntu wokuqala wekota yeBhodi imbi kakhulu kuneyokuqala. Okubangela umdla kukuba, kwanaxa enjenge-e-recen kwisikhundla seBarack Obama saqala ukuphulukana nokugada iikhilogramu kunye nokuphakama kwe-185 cm yehlise i-13 kg. Ubunzima bakhe bufikelele kwi-78 kg. Emva kwexesha, imeko yempilo yeNtloko yeNhloko yeNkampani iye yazinza.
Ngeli xesha, u-Obama wajongana nemicimbi engalindelekanga engalindelekanga ehambelana nokungenela ingxaki yotshintsho lwempilo, imeko ijikeleze uhlaselo lwekhemikhali eSyria, intshutshiso yentsebenzo, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezinye iingxaki kweli lizwe. Ke ukulinganisa u-Obama kwaqala ukwehla ngokuthe chu, kwaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu zexesha lesibini likaMongameli, uBharaki waphulukana ne-12% yabaxhasi, kwaye ukusukela ngonyaka we-Ecan American akazange axhase isiqingatha esikhulu sabantu baseMelika.
Ulongameli buka-Obama kunye nemeko eUkraine, apho, ngokutsho kolawulo lwaseMelika, iRussia izamile ukuzisa imbeko yolongamo kunye nemeko yokugcina ingqibelelo yelizwe elikufuphi.
Ngokutsho kukaMongameli wase-United States, umsebenzi wayo yayingeyondawo yokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo eUkraine kunye nokugculelwa kwemfazwe, kodwa ukuhlaliswa kukazopolitiko kwembambano kunye nokupheliswa kwegazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakamsinya emva kokutyikitywa kwe "Et ngenkululeko eUkraine", oo-Obama bathabatha umthetho ekuqaliseni kwesohlwayo kwi-Russian Federation, ekufuneka ichaphazele imigaqo-nkqubo yaseRussia Vladimir Spin kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukubonelela ngoncedo olongezelelekileyo kwi-Ukraine.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu be-barack obama bukwi-crystal kwaye icocekile. Umongameli wama-44, akamfihli umlingane kaMichel Michen Rovinson ovela kuluntu, otshatileyo kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ngokungafaniyo iqabane ukuba iingcambu yobukumkani, Michelle Obama uyinzala omnyama-amakhoboka, kodwa oko akuzange kumthintele ukuba i Lady yokuqala eUnited States nangesidima ukuze azalisekise imisebenzi ehambelana imo ifunyenwe.
U-Barack noMichelle Omama baphinde babuye ngo-1989, ekuqaleni komsebenzi osemthethweni wesikamva wase-US. Sasinda, njengabantu abatshatileyo beVeki yeNtsapho, iingxabano, ukunqongophala kwemali kunye nezinye iingxaki zosapho oluqhelekileyo losapho, ngamanye amaxesha ziye zazisa kwizisombululo zoqhawulo mtshato. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthanda omnye komnye kunye nenkxalabo yeentombi zavumela ukuba ukutshata, kwaye amaqabane asebutheni edlulisa bonke ubunzima kwaye aphumelele isihloko esona siphiwo sezopolitiko.
Ngo-1998, uMichelle wanika intombi yokuqala kaMalia, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3, ngo-2001, uBharaki o-Obama waba nguyise okwesibini, umfazi wamnika intombi yesibini uNatasha. UMongameli waseUnited States waziswa sisimo sengqondo sokungcangcazela kungekuphela nje kwiintombi zakhe, kodwa nabo bonke abantwana. Uthatha inxaxheba ekukhuliseni nasekukhuleni kukaMalia Ann noNatasha, kwaye nenza njengomqalisi weziganeko zabantwana abaninzi kweli lizwe.
Ngaphandle kokupheliswa komfanekiso kaMichechel kunye nokungabi nasifo sokungakhathali kwi-baragraphy ye-barage, ngokomthombo wentshona kufutshane nendlu emhlophe, ngalo xesha, usapho luka-Obama lwalusemnyango uqhawulo-mtshato. Ngokutsho kwentatheli yaseMelika, iintathezana ezinzima kunye nolwalamano olusekwe phakathi kwamaqabane, kwaye bobabini bahlala ngenxa yabantwana kunye nomsebenzi wezopolitiko.
Ulwazi luye kwavela ukuba imbambano phakathi kwamaqabane yenzekile ngenxa yokuziphatha kwesahluko se-American South Africa, apho uBharaki wayenokonwaba kunye ne-Perie Deler. Le nyaniso ayinalo isiqinisekiso saseburhulumenteni, kwaye u-Obama we-CHut Abema uyaqhubeka nokubonisa ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo kwaye bonisa uthando olufanayo.
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi ephambili, i-USA 44th lilungu leenkonzo ze-Intanethi ezili-16 kunye nenye yezona bhublers zithandwayo emhlabeni. I-hobby yaseBarack Obama kufuneka ichazwe ekubhaleni iincwadi-kukho umthengisi opapashiweyo kwingqokelela yombhali, i-autobiography yamaphupha katata kunye nezopolitiko ".
I-Barack Obama ngoku
Emva kokugqitywa kwekota yesibini kamongameli kunye nokudluliselwa kwegunya kwisahluko esitsha sikaRhulumente, uDonald Trump Barak wagqiba kwelokuba anqumle kwimicimbi yezopolitiko nezentlalo. Ndikunye nosapho, uchithe ixesha kwiziqithi zaseBritish Virtush Islands kunye nesiqithi saseTtaaroa, apho waqala wabhalisa khona i-Autobiography.
I-Barak ibango ukuba uyaliphosa iqela awayesebenza phantsi kwesiqalo sakhe ngexesha likaMongameli. Ngoku u-Obama unokufumana ubomi ngenyanga kwi-qho ngenyanga yentsapho, eyayihluthwe ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2017. Nangona kunjalo, ipolitiki yaqhubeka nokudibana nabanyulwa, bethatha inxaxheba ekuxhaseni abagqatswa kwiqela ledemokhrasi kwi-US yeSenate ye-CANSCRE. Ifoto kwiintetho zezopolitiko ziwela ekutyeni kweendaba kwi-Instagram yakhe "ye-Instagram."
Ngo-2018, u-Obama - uMichelle waxelwa ngokuqaqambileyo. Waba ngumbhali weMemoriroV ", eyamkelwa njengeyona ncwadi ithengiswa kakhulu yonyaka. Umsebenzi ikhutshwa kumazwe aseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
Ngoku isibini esitshatileyo silungiselela enye i-autobiografi yokuphuma, baya kusebenza kuyo kunye. Intlawulo kwangaphambili efunyenwe ngamaqabane aphantsi kwemvumelwano zizigidi ezingama-60 ezigidi. Kwakhona uBelche kwaye uMichel uqukumbele isivumelwano nesifundo sefilimu ye-Netflix ukuba enze i-rinema ye-finemary epheleleyo. Kungekudala i-Obama iceba ukuqhutywa komsebenzi we "Umngcipheko wesihlanu" kaMichael Lewis.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-2009-I-odolo likaKumkani Abl-Aziza nge-chain
- Ngo-2009 - i-NOEEEB PROUT
- Ngo-2014-I-oda ye-scatoon ngekhonkco elikhulu
- Ngo-2013 - Imbasa kaMongameli ngeembeko
- Ngo-2017 - Imbasa yeCandelo loMphathiswa Wezokhuseleko "Yenkonzo Engasetyenziswa YULUNGU YABASEBENZI"
- Ngo-2018 - ilungu lefilosofi yaseMelika
- Ngo-2018 - ilungu le-American Academy yoBugcisa neSayensi