Biography
Igama le-Andrei Tarkovsky yeeleta ibhaliwe kwimbali ye-cinema yeSoviet Cinema, ngokufanelekileyo waba ngowona manani amakhulu okufihlakeleyo. Ipeyinti ye-INKOLO "I-Solaris" kwaye "isipili" zizama ukuqikelela ulandelelwano malunga namathambo, ngelixa ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba akunakwenzeka ukususa into efana nomphefumlo wombukeli.
Ngexesha lobomi bakhe, umlawuli wafumana ukwamkelwa kuphela kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, eyayingaqhelekanga ukuba itshixiwe kwi-ART ye-ART. Kwiminyaka ephelileyo, i-terikovsky ichithe ngaphaya kwemida yeSoviet Union kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nabantu osebenza nabo, zisonjululwe kwinyathelo elifanayo, yagcina inyathelo labasemagunyeni.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Andrei Tarkovsky wazalelwa kwiMveli encinci yeVenkile yengingqi ye-Kosroma, apho usapho lwalusekho kwizalamane zikaMary Maria Ivanovna. Utata ka-Andrei wayeyimbongi, umbhali kunye nomguquleli waseArseny Aleksandrovich Tarkovsky, ekuqaleni kwe-30s sele ingumculi owaziwayo wobugcisa. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa koNyana, uTrikov wabuyela eMoscow. Ngo-1934, uAndreyi wayenodade, owabizwa ngokuba nguMarina.
Ubuntwana bonyana bubuhlungu. Xa umntwana wagqiba iminyaka emi-4, utata wakhe waphuma kwintsapho ukuya kwelinye ibhinqa. Umama maria ivanovna ondodwa uthwa abantwana ababini. Udade womlawuli edliwanondlebe wakhumbula ukuba waphoswa ukuba aphile. UAndrei ngokwakhe waxelela ukuba wayegqwetha uYise, ngaphandle kwento yokuba imbongi izame ukungalibali usapho lokuqala.
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yezwe Kakhulu, uMaria Ivanovna kunye nabantwana bakhutshwa kwizalamane, kodwa kufefa kungekudala kwabuyiselwa eMoscow. UAndrei wanikwa isikolo somculo apho inkwenkwana ifundwayo yokudlala ipiyano.
Ebutsheni bakhe, waya nakwiikhosi ezingama-ART awayefunda ngazo umzobo wemfundo. Emva kokukhululwa kwiziko lemfundo ngokubanzi, umfana wangena kwiZiko leZifundo zeMpuma, apho wayefunda khona inkcubeko yama-Arab.
Ngokungafikeleli unyaka woku-1, uAndrei uthathe amaxwebhu eyunivesithi, exaba esi sigqibo ngento eyakhawulezayo ngokukhethwayo. Ukungakhuseleki ekukhetheni indlela yakho, i-terkovsky ye-terkovsky inxibelelana nobuntu. Ubomi bomntu odumileyo wexesha elizayo baqengqele. Kule meko, lo mfo usindise umama wakhe, ngo-1953, owahlala unyana wakhe nomqokeleli kwizinyithi ze-Vnia ezingengobuhlungu kunye negolide.
Njengenxalenye yohambo lwejografi, i-Trikovsky yaya emazantsi eTeaiga, apho wachitha khona lo nyaka ekwenzeni uhlale wodwa kwihlabathi liphela, esebenza nokwenza imizobo evela kwindalo.
Iifilimu
Ukubuya kohambo, u-Andrei ngaphandle kwe-oscillations yeza kwi-vgik kwicandelo labalawuli. Umgcini weTarkovsky waba yinkosi eyaziwayo ye-cinema, umnini we-stalinist ebambisa i-mikhail illich romm. Wabaphatha bonke abafundi bakayise, bahlala bekwazi ukwamkela ubuchule bobugcisa bexesha elizayo emsebenzini wesizukulwana esitsha, nokuba izimvo zabo ziphikisana nezakhe. Kwakunjalo nge-terkovsky.
Umfana wayenethamsanqa kabini: okwesihlandlo sokuqala, kwinto yokuba uye eRoma, kwaye okwesibini - ekuhambeni kwezopolitiko nakweli xesha. Ngelo xesha, unyaka emva kokuba kufakwe iStalin. I-iron yabambeleli yolawulo iphumle ngandlel 'ithile, kwakwazi ukutshintshiselana namava kunye noogxa bamanye amazwe kwaye bachukumise i-cinema yaseNtshona.
Kwagqitywa kwelokuba banyuse inani leefilimu ezithathiweyo. Ukuveliswa kwefilimu ye-USSR ichukumisekile kwiindlela ezintsha zokuziphatha okutsha nguAndrei Tarkovsky ukhule kwaye udale kwindalo yakhe. Kodwa kamva kamva.
I-biography yendalo yaseTarkovsky yaqala ngo-1956. Iprojekthi ye-bibut yomlawuli wefilimu yifilimu emfutshane kwibali le-Ernest Hemingway. Kwabakho iipeyinti ezininzi zale fomathi.
Sele ke umfundi waphawulwa njengento engaqhelekanga kwaye waxela ikamva elikhulu. Kwaye umntu omaziyo kunye no-Andrei Konzovsky, ongenele i-vgik ngo-1956, waza waba neziqhamo kakhulu kwaye eluncedo kubo bobabini abafundi. Ngokudibeneyo badale inani leefilimko kunye nekamva bekusoloko zitshintshiselana.
IZiko lazenzela le migqaliselo iphambili yeTarkovsky-loMlawuli: i-Allegoric, umnqweno wokuphelisa imiba ecacileyo yentlalo nezokuziphatha, umsebenzi kabani onokuqwalasela ubunyani bokupeyinta .
Ngo-1960, iTarkovky igqibile ukufunda eyunivesithi, yafumana idiploma ngembeko kwaye kwangoko yaqalisa ukusebenza. Umlawuli wayecinga ngokuqulunqwa kwefilimu "u-Andrei Roblev" kwaye wangenisa isicelo semvume yeBhunga le-ART ye-USSR, kodwa kukho ingcali ye-novice eyayingqingwe kwaye yafumana izihloko ezinzima.
Iskripthi somfanekiso sahlehliswa ebhokisini, kwaye iTarkovsky ngokwakhe yathatha enye iprojekthi - "ivanovo yobuntwana", eyakhiwe ukwenza umphathi wadumeza. Umlawuli kwafuneka enze ifilimu ngokusweleka imali kunye nexesha.
Kunyaka ongaphelelanga, uthwemelele izolo ithathe umfanekiso omangalisayo ophumelele amabhaso amabini amabhaso kwi-Internationals, kubandakanya "ingonyama yegolide" kumthendeleko wefilimu we-venetian.
Emva kwempumelelo enkulu ye-Ivanov ebuntwaneni, u-Andrei Tarkovsky waqala ukusebenza kwifilimu "u-Andrei Roblev". Ngeli xesha, iBhunga leMilingane lalivumile ukusetyenziswa komlawuli oselula. I-Tarkovsky isebenzisana ne-vadim ye-vadim yusov kunye nomqambi vnylav ovchinnikov. Lo msebenzi wokuyila uphelelwe phantse de kufike ukufa komphathi.
UAndrei Kowchalovsky uthatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi kwiskripthi. Le filimu ixelela malunga ne-Monk-Icon Pinter iye yahlelo lisebenze kwiSoviet Union. Kwaye kwakhona umfanekiso wegosa eliselula waqokelela amabhaso amaninzi ekhaya nangaphaya.
Ngo-1979, uAndrei wafumana ikhokhlela yaseRoma eRoma kunye neBoriskysky "i-picknic kwicala lendlela. Indlela eya kumveleli iguqukile: I-Clearovet Goskino yabelwa lo mfanekiso kuphela udidi lwe-3 lokujikeleza kwaye lwavumela kuphela iikopi ezingama-196 kuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukugubungela abaphulaphuli kwawo kwakukuncinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ngonyaka wokukhululwa kuka-Andrei, abantu abazizigidi ezi-4, kumnyhadala weCanes, iteyiphu yafumana umvuzo wejaji yehlabathi. Kwi-Intanethi kusabhalela uphononongo loMlawuli, obukele ifilimu izihlandlo ezili-100 kwaye akazange aqonde ukuba uyathanda.
I-Danish Mlawuli we-Den Ars von i-von i-rizer yam yavuma ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba anyanzelwe ukuba enze le nto i-tegaritay, wayehlala enqula izimvo, kwaye "ifilimu ethandwayo.
Endleleni, u-Andrei wazilawula ukuba aziqhelanise ne "Inqaku lolwaphulo-mthetho" kwaye, njengoko i-Media Butalayo ibhala, iphendule ngeprojekthi engakhethi buso.
UVadim Yushov wala ukudubula "isibuko" - ngaphakathi akazange amkele umfanekiso. Iskripthi sefilimu sakhiwe kwimemori yeTarkovsky, kunye nomqhubi owaziyo usapho lomlawuli, ekholelwa ukuba iingongoma ezithile bezingangqinelani nenyani, kodwa azihambelani nendalo ka-Andrei.
Imeko "ye-Nostalgia" i-terikovsky yabhala nge-geerra ye-tonino, abahleli benziwe nangona befayisha. Kumnyhadala weCanes ngo-1983, ifilimu ifumene amabhaso ama-3 - umvuzo weFipreresi, kuMlawuli nakwi-Ecumenical jury. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kwaqala ingxaki. Ngokuka-Andrei unyana ka-Andrei, uSergey ubisikekeki wazama ukungcikiva utata. Kwaye i-terikovky, eyayinazo ezinye iiprojekthi ezili-14, zaqonda ukuba kwi-USSR abaphunyeziwe ngezinto ezinamaphepha apheleleyo e-filmography, kwaye bahlala e-Itali.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nomfazi wokuqala, umba ongumdlali we-Irma Rauch, uMlawuli wexesha elizayo wadibana kunyaka wokuqala weVgika. IRoma ifakwe ngokukhawuleza, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba u-Andrei waqalisa ukukhathalela le ntombazana, ibe wayephendula ngokuphindaphindwa. Ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu, esi sibini sidlala umtshato, unyana ka-Arseny wazalelwa kwintsapho.
Amaqabane aqhekeziwe ngaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10. Ukulala okuphezulu kwe-geniyo cinema uhlala eVenice, waba ngugqirha ogqirha, unyana wakhe obizwa ngokuba nguAndrey. Ngelishwa, ifoto yeendlalifa kulomgca azipapashwa.
Umfazi wesibini woMlawuli waba nguLwaisa Kizilova, osebenza naye Tarkovsky. Ubabalo lwaluphila kunye nokufa, ukonwaba ngentombazana ka-Oliga. Emtshatweni, babenonyana oqhelekileyo uAndrei. Umntwana akazange amnikele kwintsapho eNatalia Schodiaruk, umntu ophumeleleyo kwindima yesakhiwo esingafunekiyo e-hari kwi-solyoris.
Ngokutyunjwa, i-lalsa, eyayimazi ukuba indoda yakhe iwe, yasoyikisa into yokuba i-terkovsky ibingayiboni inkwenkwe. Ngoku uAndrei uhlala eFlorence, ephethe isikhundla sikamongameli weZiko loBugcisa, eligama likaYise. UOlga utshatile ngenxa yesiTaliyane, kodwa uParis wakhetha indawo yokuhlala.
Elinye iphepha elivela kubomi bomlawuli wefilimu yindlela yokuthandana ne-valentina mamavina. Isimo sengqondo esinembambano saqala emva kokuba edlala indima enkulu kuBuntwana bukaIvanov, kwaye emva koko iPlatonic ayizange ihambe.
UValya wayetshatile eAlexander ZBruev, iTarkovsky wayetshatile. Indoda eluthandweni yenza isicelo, kodwa iMayovina yaphendula yokwala:
"Ndamthanda ubuhlakani, hayi umntu."UAndrei Magnetism waziva emculi kwimpahla ye-inger yabantu baseNorway, esebenza kunye ne-crew yefilimu "idini". Unyana ka-Alexander, owazalelwa kule noveli, akazange abone utata osaziwayo.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi, umlawuli walichitha eMilan, apho wakhupha khona apho wayincama "idini lembali". Ukuze isigqibo sokuhlala entshona ye-USSR, i-USSR iye yakhawuleza ukuya kugqobhoza i-Arrei Arsei Arsee kwimbali ye-cinema yeSoviet Cinema, kodwa yatshintsha isigqibo sokufunda ngesifo se-matric.
UTarkovsky uswelekile ngoDisemba ngo-1986, unobangela wokufa ngumhlaza wemiphunga. Isifo esibulalayo sasisetiwe, Aya, kwinqanaba lokugqibela. Uncedo kunyango lwabonelelwa nguMarina Vlad, umoba othathe umphathi xa wayefika kwikliniki yaseParis. Kodwa iinzame bezililize.
Ingcwaba likaTarkovsky libekwe kumangcwaba aseSt. Geneviger de Boua, apho abantu abadumileyo baseRussia baphumle.
Igama le-Andrei Arsenyevich yabelwa kwi-boulevard eNew Moscow kunye neplanethi encinci. Kwiindawo awayehlala kuzo, iimyuziyam, i-Proques yeSikhumbuzo ivuliwe, izikhumbuzo zifakiwe. E-Ivanovo, umnyhadala "ogamani emva kokuba uTarkovsky ubanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka, kwi-MOSCOW uMthendeleko weMifilim, owona mboniso bhanyabhanya unikezelwa ngu-Andrei Tarkovsky.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1960- "Ukubetha kunye ne-violin"
- Ngo-1962 - "ivanovo yobuntwana"
- Ngo-1966 - "UAndrei Roblev"
- Ngo-1968 - "ithuba elinye lamawaka"
- Ngo-1972 - "Sorulas"
- Ngo-1974 - "isibuko"
- Ngo-1979 - "I-STALDR"
- Ngo-1983 - "Nostalgia"
- Ngo-1986 - "Idini"