Biography
I-Alfred Hitchcock-I-American kunye noMvelisi, umsikisi. Igama loMlawuli linxulunyaniswa neefilimu ezoyikisayo, ii-chrilerrs kunye nembono yokuzibandakanya.
I-Alfred Hitchcock, uKumkani wexesha elizayo owothukileyo, wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1899 eLetonstone, idolophu yaseLondon. UAlfred ngumntwana wesithathu kusapho lwamaKatolika uWilliam Hitchkoki no-Emma Jane Wylen. Utata wasebenza ne-grocer, umama wayezibambile endlwini kwaye ebaphakamisa abantwana.
Intsapho yayinenkolo kakhulu, abantwana batyelele ikholeji yaseJesuit. Apho, uAlfred Hichkok wafunda indlela yokufundisa esisiseko, ephumelele kuphando lwesiFrentshi nomculo.
Ngo-1914, i-hitchcock iba ngumfundi wesikolo esisekwe kwiLondon kunye nesikolo sokuhamba, apho unyaka ufundile isayensi yeNzululwazi kunye noomatshini. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye wafunda imbali yobugcisa kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon. Isikolo sakhe kwakufuneka siphazamiseke kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala xa uBawo waswelekayo. Ishumi elivisayo yadlula kwiikhosi zokuzoba nokujika, ukuqala ukusebenza. Inkwenkwe yayiqaphela kwaye ivaliwe. Abahlobo kunye neentombi zange baqale. Umama kuphela komntu othembele uAlfred. Rhoqo ngengokuhlwa inkwenkwe ngaphambi kokulala ixelele iinkcukacha zikamama wakhe ngosuku lokugqibela.
Ngo-1915, uHickok waya kumavolontiya, kodwa ukutyeba kakhulu kwakungavumeli ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kuthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-dis. UAlfred wayesele kwindawo, efundisa imeko ephantsi.
Ukuqala kwe-Drier
Ngo-1920, lo mntu wafumana umsebenzi njengombane wesifundo sefilimu, kodwa emva kweenyanga, wafudukela kwisebe lentengiso, apho wayesebenza khona njengomqeshisi kunye nenkampani yomyili wefilimu odumileyo.
Ukuzoba amakhadi amagama abadlali-magama amalungelo emisebenzi- kwinqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi, owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo ka-Asfred, kodwa kamva umfana onobuchule obaneleyo ukuba aqalise ukubhala izikripthi kunye nokuncedisa abalawuli.
Ukusebenza kubadlali abadumileyo-i-Lasky batshintsha ikamva le-hitchcock, kuba ngo-1921, kwinkampani, i-Montaberter ifumana i-alma yomvuzo, inkosikazi yexesha elizayo yomlawuli wefilimu.
Iifilimu
Ngo-1922, uAlfred Hitchkkok wenza ukuba i-bib yakhe kwishishini lefilimu njengelize. Ngokudibeneyo kunye neqabane lakhe, i-Hug Kreuz ityhila iifilimu ezimbini: "Soloko uxelele inkosikazi yakho," kubonakala ngathi umzila wakho, kunye "nenombolo ye-13", imizobo engapheliyo.
I-biegraphy yomlawuli ka-Alfred Hichkok yaqala ngo-1925 emva kokufakelwa umfanekiso "igadi yolonwabo", kodwa ifilimu yokuqala kwi-lorlive ivele ngo-1926. Lo mfanekiso wabizwa ngokuba yi "Zhilts". I-hichkile yeyokwesimo sokuqala sefilimu yaseBritani "iBlackmail", eyabonakala kwiscreen ngo-1929.
Kwixa elizayo, i-hitchcock ihluma iifilimu ezimbalwa ngakumbi. Iteyiphu "Indoda eyayazi kakhulu", yapapashwa kwizikrini ngo-1934, yaba ngumsebenzi odumileyo womlawuli.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaqala, ayivumeli iHichkoku ukuba inikele ixesha lokuzala eBritane, njengoko wayesiya eHollywood. Inkosi kwiinduli zeBeverly, eza kusebenza kumvelisi odumileyo uDavid Selznik. Intsebenziswano yabo ayinakubizwa ngokuba yi-Selznik, nangona ibonelelwe ngezimali ngenkqubo yokufaka kunye nokukhanya okuqinisekileyo kwimithombo yeendaba, kodwa iphazamisa umsebenzi we-hichokok. Nangona kunjalo, uRebecca, umfanekiso wokuqala we-hollywood ye-Alfred Hichkok, wamkelwa njengeyona ribano ilungileyo yonyaka kwaye wafumana iOscar.
Ngo-1948, ifilimu yokuqala yeHickokok yavela ngombala. Iteyiphu yaphuma phantsi kwegama "intambo". Ababukeli kunye nabagxeki babhiyozela ilokhrasi ukuba batsalele umnxeba "obandayo", ababandayo ", ababandayo", ababandayo ", ababandayo", ababandayo ", ababandayo", ababandayo ", ababandayo", bese-Grate Kelly, kwi-Kim Novak kunye ne-KIM Miles.
Incopho yefilimu ye-masters ibonwa njenge-50s yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa uMlawuli esekwe kwi-zenith yokuthandwa. Ngo-1953, ifilimu ethi "Ndiyazivuma", kwaye ngoAprili 1955 uyayithanda ilungelo lokuba ngummi. Ngeli xesha, umfanekiso "wefestile kwintendelezo" kunye "nesiyezi" yeza kwisiseko segolide seClassics cinema ye-cinema yehlabathi. Kungekudala u-hitchCock wazisa i-thenchort "psycho" kunye "neentaka", kunye nenoveli "evela emazantsi".
Ukuqala kwipeyinti "Marny", iifilimu zenkosi yaseHollywood kunye "neeNkqubo ezothusayo" ziqondwe bobabini ngabaphulaphuli nakubagxeki abavela eUnited States. Kodwa eFrance Hichkok - idol kunye nentsomi. Usekhaya labagxeki saseFransi, abaphulaphuli bami emigceni enkulu ukubona imizobo emitsha, kunye nomphathi we-Truuffo, uShabrol noDe Palmamxelisa.
Ngo-1976, i-Alfred Hichkoka "Iyelenqe losapho" laphuma. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, iZiko laseMelika leCinema Camessee lanika ibhaso "lokufezekiswa kobomi bonke."
Ukuphambuka kwengqondo
Abazali bakaHitchcock baba nabantwana ngendlela enzima kakhulu. Kanye, uAlfred ngeprank encinci wavalwa nguyise egumbini lesikhululo samapolisa. Kwangelo xesha, umntwana wayengazi ukuba uza kukhutshwa kwimizuzu eli-10 kwaye wayeqinisekile ukuba injalo ngonaphakade. Iziphumo zolohlwayo olunjalo, ngokutsho koochwephesha bezengqondo nabaphandi kwimbali yomlawuli omkhulu, baba lubomi bakhe boyika amapolisa. Kwixa elizayo, i-hitchcock ayizange iqhube imoto, yoyika ukuya kwisikhululo samapolisa.
Uloyiko olungaphantsi lwentshutshiso kunye nesohlwayo esingalunganga ihlala ikho kwimifanekiso yoMlawuli oBini. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo baxelele kuphela ekuqaleni, wayebonakala eyindoda emnandi, kodwa oku kwanyamalala kwanyamalala incoko ebonakalayo.
Ebutsheni obuqala, inkanuko ka-Alfred yayikutyelele kwinkundla yaseLondon, apho, apho, njengokuvalelwa, yayihleli iiyure ezininzi ezintlanganisweni, ukumamela iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho olubi kakhulu. Ndonwabile ukutyelela imyuziyam ye-stores, ndiqwalasele ngononophelo ukuphathwa gadalala. Sele ebudaleni, uHitchkok waxelela abahlobo bakhe ukuba bawenzele indlela yokuTrinta umfazi ngesandla esinye. Kwaye ndifunda ikhosi emfutshane ye-necrophilia.
Ukongeza, uMlawuli weminyaka sele ufumene ubume bengqondo: i-ohobios enqabileyo - uloyiko lwezinto ezikwimo yeqanda kunye nothando lokuhlambuluka kohlanyano.
Amahlaya asebenzayo
USir Alfred UJoseph Hichkok wayengumHukuba othile. Wayenokunika umothelisi ongazange ayivume ivumba leentlanzi, ikhulu elinamakhulu amabini. Xa i-Artiver Melanie Griffith yayiyintombazana eneminyaka emi-5, i-Hickok yam imvele ngodongo lokuzalwa kwibhokisi yokuzalwa kwibhokisi yokudlala, kwaye into yokudlala yayinemibala kamama uMelanie, awayewutyhobozelwa kwiseti. Kwaye uMnumzana uAlfred wathanda ukugculela iindwendwe zakhe, edibanisa imiqamelo kwizitulo, ekhuphe izandi ezimbi.
Ngo-1953, iindwendwe ezazingena kwisidlo sangokuhlwa saseHichkok zafunwa zisoyikethwa zizitya ezibizwa ngokuba "nguJeanne kumalahle", "izidumbu ezidumileyo" kunye "ne-spices kwi-spice sauce."
Uninzi lwazo zonke zahanjiswa kwi-barliedry ebukhali kwi-orgods entle, awayizisa ngokulula ekuphazamiseni nzima. Akuzange kube kanye ukuba uMlawuli uvale ngokungagungqiyo ukuba i-Ortor Ingrid Bergman, owakhiwa phantsi ekupeyisweni "Uzuko olubi", xa uthandana naye ngendlela engekho mgaba.
Kunye nokholo lweekhilomitha, ezivela kwifilimu yakhe "Ayenguye lo mntu," yena, kwiinyanga ezininzi, enkosi kwii-boequets kunye neeleta ezihlanjelayo, engafundanga. Kwaye ke xa i-orporess yayiza kutshata. I-Acress Quori, hedren hitchcock iququzelele ukubek 'esweni. Ngapha koko, ngenxa yokwala ukuphindaphindwa, izisongelo zitshabalalise kwaye zibeke umhlaba wosapho.
Abaphathi be-hichokokok bafaka ukuba kuphela komntu okwazile ukuyibeka endaweni ye-qualon ye-qualon kunye ne-scubaire, yayinguGrace Telly. Kwisiceba esivela emlonyeni, waphendula wathi sele evile la mazwi, kuba naye wafunda kwisikolo senkolo.
Umntu hitchkokokhwe
UHickokhew uthethile ukuba ukupeyinta, ebemelwe yi-eboding yesoyikiso.
"Ukuba ndidutyulwe" Cinderella ", abaphulaphuli babelinde isidumbu phantsi kwebhedi yakhe," waphawulwa rhoqo kudliwanondlebe.Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo yonke imisebenzi yeNkosi ye-Stratfle Perire, ekhumbuza abaphulaphuli amaphupha amabi. Intshayelelo evela malunga ne-60 yemifanekiso egcwele i-filmography, kodwa kukho iiribhoni phakathi kwendalo engohlobo oluhlekayo, kwaye oku kuko konke ukungabikho komsebenzi.
Uluhlu loMlawuli wokuCinga lubanzi kwaye lwahluke. Abagxeki kunye neengcali ziye zaphikisana ukuba eyona nto inomdla kumsebenzi we-hitchcock yisazisi soMlawuli ngokwakhe.
Igalelo kwi-cinema
Umlawuli wefilimu oboniswe kwihlabathi nyani ukuqokelelwa okukhulu kwezibaya ezahlukeneyo, kwaye uhlolo lweenoveli ezithile luthathwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo kwimbali. I-Hitchcock ibonakalise italente kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imeko ye-psyreyitha yengqondo, eyokwenzeka ngendlela eyiyo ijika ibe ngumsindo, kunye nezobupolitika nezopolitiko.Ifilimu "intambo" ithathela ingqalelo ephezulu kwi-play yokuyila i-hitchcock. I-thriller, i-psychoshalysis yamadoda amabini asekledler iba ngumzekelo awalandelwa ngawo omnye abalawuli.
Ngo-1951, i-NUAR-IMVULA "YABANGABANTSI BANGOKWENZA" UAlfred ubuyela kwisitayile esimnyama nesimhlophe, kodwa ngeli xesha kuphela ukuba senjengeso sezito ebumnyameni, ukungathembani nokoyika.
Ndikhumbula abalandeli boMlawuli kunye nencwadi ethi "Ukubulala ukuba ndithandane ngawo." UMdali wazisa ingqokelela yamabali awoyikisayo eyaziwa kakhulu eMelika.
"Alfred Hichkok kunye nabacuphi abathathu" - OKUQHELEKILEYO ZEENCWADI ZOKUFUNDA NOKUGQIBELA, EYIPHI IIMPENDULO ZEZOBUCHULE BENKONZO KAKHULU. Nazi abalinganiswa abaphambili bathathu abafana neshumi elivisayo, kunye nomlawuli ngokwakhe, obhale uphando.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu be-Alfred Hitchkok ixhunyiwe kunye nomfazi kuphela - i-alma utsha, awayehlala kwiminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Yayingenguye umanyano lwabathandi babantu, kungekudala i-quinematographygraphokhari abathanda ukudubula i-thriller. I-alma-i-ongulong blonde ababesebenza no-Alfred, owayeliqonda iqabane lakhe eliqaqambileyo nge-thoclov.
Uninzi lwebhagrapheli luye lwaqwalaswa nguHickk kunye nebhinqa elinomfazi, obhinqileyo enikela ingqalelo kwilifa le-cinematic, elalingumqinisekiso oqinisekileyo. Mingaphi i-oxyo kunye nenkohlakalo ekhethekileyo kunye nokubulala "ukubulawa" umphathi-ungabali.
Emtshatweni no-Alma, intombi ka-Aprecia wavela. Batsho uthando, baqondani, akubangakho. Ukunxibelelana nayo, njengabo bonke abanye, akazange abeke umda kwisigama esingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha kwabonakala ngathi ayinakuvakalisa iimvakalelo ngokwahlukileyo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uPatricia watshata waza wazala abantwana ababini.
Ukufa
UAlfred Hichkok wasweleka ngo-Epreli 1980 ekhayeni lakhe. Unobangela wokusweleka komlawuli oneminyaka engama-80 ubudala kukungaphumeleli kweRenal. Ngokutsho kwe-hichkok, umzimba wakhe watshiswa, kwaye uthuli lusasazwa kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Ngo-1979, ukumkanikazi wase-England wanikwa isikhundla sendoda. Kwi-Hollywood Alley Star yinkwenkwezi yakhe. Iziphumo ze-Alfred HitchCock yimizobo engama-55, uninzi lwayo le ngxaki ye-cinema yehlabathi.
I-filmography
- Zhilts
- I-blackmail
- Umntu owaziyo kakhulu
- Rebecca
- Intambo
- Iwindow kwintendelezo
- Isiyezi
- Psycho
- Iintaka
- I-DORT