Biography
UAlexander Nevsky - I-Novgorod iNkosana noMthendeleko. IPrince novgorod (1236-1240, 12472 kunye ne-1257-1256), i-Grand Doke Kiedi iVeladimir (1252-1263). ICanonmed yiCawa ye-Orthodox yaseRussia. Ngokwesiko, kuthathwa njengababhali-mbali baseRussia negorha lesizwe laseRussia, uMlawuli wenene ongumKristu, umgcini we-Orthodox kunye nenkululeko yabantu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexander Yarossalavich uNevsky wazalelwa ePereslavl-Zallyky. I-Yaroslav Vsevovich, utata ka-Alexander, wayekwixesha lonyana wakhe Pereyaspalav, kwaye kamva - eGraf Gambe waseKiev neVladimir. URostislav Mstislavna, umama womphathi odumileyo - i-toropetskaya yenkosazana. Alexandra waye enomnakwabo Fedor abaphezulu, ngubani wafa eneminyaka eyi-13, kwakunye abaninawa Andrei, uMikhail, Daniyeli, uKonstantin, Yaroslav, Athanasius kunye Vasily. Ukongeza, inkosana yexesha elizayo yayinoodade uMaria no-Uyana.
Kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala, inkwenkwana idlulile kuMsindisi woMthengi wezindlu zokuzinikezela kumagorha, waba yinkosana. Ngo-1230, utata wakhe wabeka iAlexander kunye nomntakwabo odala kwinkosana eNovgorod. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-3, uFenar uswelekile, kwaye uAlexander uhlala enguye kuphela umcebisi ngentloko. Ngo-1236, i-Yaroslav yamagqabi eKiev, emva koko kwiVladimir, kwaye inkosana eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala isebenza ngokuzimeleyo ukuba ilawule uNovgorod.
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo
I-Alexander Nevsky's Biography inxibelelana kakhulu neemfazwe. Iphulo lokuqala lomkhosi, uAleksander wathabatha kunye notata wakhe ukuba aphelise ukuze aphile isixeko saseLivons. Idabi laphela ngoloyiso lweNovgorod. Emva koko imfazwe yaqala ngembuyekezo kunye neLithuanians, uloyiso olushiyekileyo lweAlexander.
NgoJulayi 15, 1240, idabi leNevskaya lenzeka, ibalulekile into yokuba amajoni ka-Alexander engazange axhase umkhosi ophambili wabetha inkampu ye-izhora. Kodwa i-noovgorod boyars boyika ngempembelelo eyandayo ye-alexander. Abameli bobungangamsha bobungangamsha ngoncedo lweCavez eyahlukeneyo kwaye incoment yakufezekisa isibakala sokuba umphathi waya eVladimir kuBawo. Ngeli xesha, umkhosi waseJamani walikhanka kwiRussia, ethintele i-Pskov, i-Izborsky, imihlaba echaziweyo, i-knights yathatha isixeko saseKoporye. Umkhosi wotshaba lwasondela nge-Novgorod. Emva koko iNovgorodia ngokwayo yaqala ukucela iNkosana ukuba ibuye.
Ngo-1241, uAlexander UNvsky wafika eNovgorod, emva koko wayikhulula i-Pskov, yaye ngo-Epreli 5, 1242 kwakukho idabi elidumileyo-kwi-iced yeqhwa- kwicawe yechibi. Idabi lenzeka kwichibi elinomkhenkce. IPrince Alexander ifake iqhinga elicekeceke, lithambisa i-knights, ichetywe kwi-armor enzima, kwi-chente encinci yomkhenkce. I-cavalry yaseRussia yahlaselwa kwiiflethi igqibe ukweyiswa. Emva kwale dabi, i-odolo ye-knight yanqabela yonke imiculo yakutshanje, kwaye inxenye ye-latgale nayo yahamba.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3, uAlexander wakhulula uTorotz, iitoropets kunye ne-Bezhetsk, ebanjiwe ngumkhosi we-Guchy yaseGithuania. Ke ngokukodwa ngamakhosi emikhosi yakhe, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yeNovgorod kunye ne-vladimersev, ebanjiweyo kwaye batshabalalisa imbuyekezo yomkhosi waseLithuania, kwaye kwindlela ebuyayo yaphukile.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Ngo-1247, i-Yaroslav iyafa. UAlexander Nevsky u-Prince Kiev kunye neRussia. Kodwa ukusukela emva kokuhlasela kwe-titar, iKiev ilahlekile ukubaluleka kwesicwangciso, uAlexander akazange aye apho, kodwa sahlala eNovgorod.
Ngo-1252, uAndrei noYaroslav, abantakwabo Alexander, baphikisana neHorde, kodwa abahlaseli beTatar bahlule abakhuseli bomhlaba waseRussia. I-Yaroslav ihlala kwi-Pskov, kwaye uAndreyi wanyanzelwa ukuba abaleke eSweden, ngokunjalo nentloko ye-vladiskoy igqithile uAlexander. Kwangoko emva koko, imfazwe entsha yalandelwa ngama-lithuanians naseTartons.
Indima ye-Alexander Nevsky kwimbali iqondwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Inkosana yeNovgoroD ihlala ikhokela ngedabi ngemikhosi yaseNtshona, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwaqubuda kwi-Khan Golder Horde. INkosana iye yahamba rhoqo kwi-Mongolia Bibreire ukuba ifunde umlawuli, ngakumbi i-Batha kunye namahlakani aseKhan. Ngo-1257, yayiqhubeka nokuzixhasa kwi-NoVgorod kunye ne-ambers ambers ukubonisa inkxaso kuma-Arderkets.
Ngapha koko, unyana kaVasly, oxhathise ukuhlasela kweTatare, uAlexander wagxothwa umhlaba waseSotdal, kunye noDilmary oneminyaka esi-7 ubudala endaweni yakhe. Umgaqo-nkqubo weNkosana waseRussia ngokwayo uhlala ubizwa ngokuba ngubuqhophololo, kuba ukusebenzisana nabalawuli beGolden Jordenicentsa iphazamisa iminyaka emininzi yaseRussia iminyaka emininzi ngaphambili. Njengomgaqo-nkqubo waseAlexander, abaninzi ababonwa, kodwa umlo uthathwa njengogqwesileyo, kwaye iifes azilibali.
Ngo-1259, uAlexander, ngoncedo lwezoyikiso zokuhlasela kwe-Tatar, ufumene isivumelwano kubahlali baseNovgoroD kubalo bantu be-Dani, apho abantu baseRussia baxhathisa iminyaka emininzi. Le yinye inyani kwi-biography ye-nevsky, engakholwanga ngabaxhasi basePrince.
Idabi lomkhenkce
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1240, i-crusaders yomyalelo weLivonia wahlasela uMhlaba we-Pskov. Emva kokungqingwa kwexesha elifutshane, iJamani i-knights ifakwe i-Izborsso. Ke abakhuseli boKholo lobuKatolika babuzwa ngu-Pskov baza balisebenzisa ngoncedo lwabahlobo bookhwali. Okulandelayo emva kokuhlasela komhlaba weNovgorod.
Ngokuka-Alexander Nevsky, umkhosi waseVladimir noSuzdal phantsi komyalelo wasePrince Andrei, umphathi woMlawuli weNovgoroD wafika encedisa i-novgorods. Umkhosi wase-Novgorod-vladimir wahamba nohambo lokuya emhlalweni we-Pskov kwaye, wagawula indlela esuka eLivonia e-Pskov, ephethe i-Izborsso.
Emva koko, ukoyiswa kwe-Livonian Knights, eqokelela umkhosi omkhulu, wenziwa kwi-Pskov kunye namachibi omntwana. Isiseko semikhosi ye-quivonia yayiyinto enzima ye-govards, kunye ne-insentry, eyaphinda yadlula i-knights ngamanani. Ngo-Epreli 1242, idabi lenzekile, eyayikwimbali njengecala lomkhenkce.
Ababhali-mbali ixesha elide bebengakwazi ukumisela indawo edabi, kuba i-hydrography ye-hinde iguqukile, kodwa ukulungelelanisa idabi lesiqulunqwa kwenzululwazi kamva kulawuleke kamva kwimephu. Iingcali zivumile ukuba ichaza ngokuchanekileyo imfazwe ye-Livonian rhrountecle.
Kwi-curonicle chrounecle "ibonakalisiwe ukuba i-novgorod yayinenani elikhulu labadubuli ababengowokuqala ukubetha ii-knights. Ii-knights zakhiwe "ihagu" -ikholamu ezinzulu, ukuqala i-scring wedge. Imfundo enjalo ivumela amahashe e-knight enzima ukuze afake i-thane ivutha ecaleni komgca weentshaba, kodwa kule meko icebo elinjalo liphelelwe likhombeko.
Ngelixa amajoni aphezulu e-LIvonians azamile ukwahlukana nokwakhiwa ngokuqinileyo kwe-NoVgorod i-Novgorode, iqela eliphakathi lahlala lihleli. Kungekudala amagorha abethe iiflethi zotshaba, ukutyhoboza nokuxuba uluhlu lwamajoni aseJamani. Abahlali baseNovgorod baphumelele uloyiso oluthathayo.
Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi imiqathango ye-Knight yayiquka amawaka amajoni angama-12 ukuya kwangama-4, kwaye umkhosi weNovgorod ubalwa i-15-16 amawaka abantu. Ezinye iingcali zithatha la manani zithintelwe ngokutsha.
Iziphumo zedabi zagqiba isiphelo semfazwe. Umyalelo waqukumbela umhlaba, ushiye imimandla elawula iPskov kunye neNovgoroD. Eli dabi ladlala indima enkulu embalini, inempembelelo yophuhliso lommandla, yagcina inkululeko yeNovgorod.
Ubomi Buqu
UAlexander Nevsky utshatile ngonyaka we-1239, kwangoko emva koloyiso ngaphezulu kweLithuanians kufutshane neSmolensky. Umfazi wenkosana waba nguAlexander, intombi yeBryachliva Polotsk. Umncinci wathweswa isithsaba kwitempile yaseSt. George eToroptz. Emva konyaka, babenonyana we visly.
Emva kwexesha, umfazi wamnika uAlexander ukuba babethathu ngoonyana abathathu: ilayise, ikamva lePrince novgorod, iVeladimir, i-Vladimir, i-vladimir, eya kubakho inkosana yaseMoscow. Kwakhona, isibini sasePrince sasinentombi kaEvakia, eyatshata kamva iKonstantin Rostislavich Smolensky.
Ukufa
Ngo-1262, uAlexander Nevsky waya kwi-horde ukuba azame ukukhusela iphulo le-dati elichaziweyo. Ukuhlasela okutsha kuvuyikisa ukubulala kwe-dani eSuzdal, Rostov, Pereyavl, Yaroslavl kunye neVladimir. KuBukhosi baseMongolia, i-PRENCE yawa nzulu, kwaye wabuyela eRashiya sele efa.
Ukubuyela kwakhe ekhaya, uAlexander Nevsky uthatha isifungo se-orthodox ye-Orthodox phantsi kwegama elithi uAlexy. Ngenxa yesenzo, ngokunjalo ngenxa yokusilela rhoqo, ipapa ngobukhulu bamaRoma ithatha ubuKatolika, uGraz waseGraz wakwa-Grand Alexander waba yinkosana awayeyithandayo yabemi baseRussia. Ngapha koko, ngo-1543, wayeyiCanon-canored yicawa yaseRussia ebusweni babo basebenza nabo.
UAlexander Nevsky wasweleka ngoNovemba 14, 1263, wangcwatywa kwimonki yekrisimesi eVladimir. Ngo-1724, uMlawuli Phosi ndayalela ukuphelwa kwenkosi yenkosi engcwele kwi-alexander Nevsky monasburg. Isikhumbuzo kwi-Prince ifakwe kwisikwere esibizwa ngokuba yiAlexander Nevsky ngaphambi kokungena kwi-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Esi sikhumbuzo sinikezelwa kwifoto kwiimpapasho zembali kunye neemagazini.
Kuyaziwa ukuba inxenye ye-Alexander Nevsky ikwiTempile ye-Alexander Nevsky kwiSofia (Bulgaria), nakwicala lokucinga kweVladimir. Ngo-2011, umfanekiso onesuntlu we-relicle inikezelwe kwitempile ye-Alexander Nevsky ye-Ural Sela Shurala. I-icon ye-St. I-St St Crince Alexander Neksky inokuhlala ifumaneka kwiitempile zaseRussia.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Owona msebenzi ophambili wokuya emkhosini inkosana uAlexander waphumelela ebutsheni bakhe. Ngexesha ledabi le-nevskaya, umphathi-mkhosi wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, kwaye ngexesha le-ice inkanuko, inkosana yayineminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Emva koko, uNevsky wathathwa njengesopolitiko kunye nediplomat, kodwa ngakumbi isengumlo. Ubomi, iPrince Alexander ayizange ilahlekelwe yidabi elinye.
- UAlexander Nevsky kuphela komlawuli wase-Orthodox Orthodox kwi-Europe naseRussia, abangazange baqhubeke nokulalanisa neCawa yamaKatolika ngenxa yokugcina amandla.
- Emva kokubhubha komlawuli, 'ibali lobomi kunye nenkalipho yobuqhetseba nenkosi inkosi i-Alexander "yaya kwavela, umsebenzi woncwadi we-Aguographic, wenziwe ngenkulungwane yama-xiii. Kucingelwa ukuba ukuqulunqwa 'kogonyamelo luka-Alexander Nevsky "lwenziwa kwimonkilo yomonakalo wokuzalwa kwentombi enguVladimir, apho kwangcwatywa umzimba omkhulu.
- Malunga neAlexandra Nevsky ihlala ibonisa iifilimu zobugcisa. Ngo-1938, eyona vidiyo ibalulekileyo yakhululwa, ebizwa ngokuba yiAlexander Nevsky. USergey Eisenstenin waba ngumlawuli wepeyinti, kwaye uCatata "Alexander Nevsky" wadalwa kwiKwayara kunye ne-Soltster nge-orchestra kunye ne-Soviet Grosef Prom.
- Ngo-2008, ukhuphiswano "lwegama laseRussia" lwenzeka. Lo msitho wawucwangciswa ngabameli bejelo likamabonwakude yaseburhulumenteni "kunye nembali yembali yaseRussia yeSayensi yeSayensi kunye nesiseko".
- Abasebenzisi benethiwekhi Khetha "Igama leRussia" ukusuka kuluhlu olugqityiweyo 'lwamakhulu amahlanu eenkokeli ezinkulu zelizwe ". Ngenxa yoko, ukhuphiswano luphantse lwasiphela isibetho, kuba uJosefu Stalin wathabatha indawo ekhokelayo. Abaququzeleli bathi "abalindi abaliqela" banikwa inkokeli yamaKomanisi. Ngenxa yoko, uAlexander Nevsky wabiza ophumeleleyo. Ngokutsho kwabaninzi, yayingumzobo weNkosana yeNovgoroD eyayilungiselela uluntu lwe-Orthodox, kunye noTransvophili Tatriots, kunye nabathandi bembali yaseRussia.