UJoseph Stalin - Ifoto, Biolography, ubomi bomntu, unobangela

Biography

UJoseph Stalin ungopolitiki obalaseleyo kwezopolitiko kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRussia kunye neSoviet Union. Umsebenzi wayo uphawula impindezelo enkulu, ethi yona namhlanje ithathelwa ingqalelo lulwaphulo-mthetho ebantwini. Ubuntu kunye ne-biography ye-stalin kuluntu lwanamhlanje zixoxa kakhulu: Abanye bajonga umlawuli omkhulu owakhokelela kwimfazwe yabantu kunye ne-holodor, unkwantyo, nogonyamelo ebantwini.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

UStalin Joseph Vissarionovich (igama lokwenyani laseJugashvili) lazalwa nge-21 kaDisemba ngo-1879 kwidolophu yaseGeri yaseGeri eGori kwintsapho esezantsi. Ngokutsho kolunye uhlobo, i-IOisif Vissioionch yeza nge-18 kaDisemba ngo-1878. Ngayiphi na imeko, i-sagittarius ithathwa njengophawu lokujikeleza kwe-zodiac. Ukongeza kwi-hypothesis yesiqhelo malunga nemvelaphi yaseGeorgia yenkokeli yexesha elizayo yesizwe, kukho uluvo lokuba izinyanya zayo yayinguOsseria.

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Wayengowesithathu, kodwa ekuphela komntwana osindayo kusapho - umkhuluwa wakhe nodadewabo omdala nodadewethu basweleka kwasebusaneni. Ke, njengokuba umama womlawuli wexesha elizayo wase-USSR obizwa, wazalwa ngumntwana osempilweni ngokupheleleyo, wayenesiphene sengqungquthela yamalungu (wayekhule iminwe emibini yolusu kunye nolusezantsi. Ebuntwaneni, ingozi yenzekile kwiStalin - faeton wambetha, ngenxa yoko wasebenza ngawo isandla sasekhohlo.

Ukongeza kokuzalwa kunye nokwenzakala, inguqulelo yexesha elizayo yabethwa rhoqo nguBawo, okwakhe wakhokelela ekubeni wenzakala kakhulu entlokweni kwaye ukusukela kwiminyaka yengqondo ye-psycho-yeemvakalelo zeStolin ngokweemvakalelo. Umama ka-Ekaterina Georgievna ujikeleze unyana wakhe ukuba anyamekele kwaye akhathalele, efuna ukubuyisela inkwenkwe ukuba ithandile uthando lukatata.

Ediniwe ngumsebenzi onzima, ofuna ukufumana imali eninzi kangangoko anako ukukhulisa uNyana, umfazi wazama ukukhulisa umntu ofanelekileyo owayefanele abe ngumbingeleli. Kodwa amathemba akhe awazange anikwe isithsaba ngempumelelo - uStalin wakhulisa esitratweni kwaye ixesha elingakumbi elichithiweyo ecaweni, kodwa kwinkampani yeHooligans yasekhaya.

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Kwangelo xesha, ngo-1888, uJoseph Vissarionovich waba ngumfundi weSikolo saseGori Orthodox, kwaye ekugqibeleni wangena kwisemina yokomoya ye-Tif. Kwiindonga zayo kwahlangatyeza uMarxism kwaye wangena kumanqanaba aphantsi komhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba.

Kwisemina, umlawuli wexesha elizayo weSoviet Union wazibonakalisa umfundi onesiphiwo kwaye unetalente, kuba enokubanikwa ngokulula zonke izinto ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kwangelo xesha, waba yintloko ye-mug engekho semthethweni yeMarxists, eyayibandakanyeke kwi-propaganda.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba kube senzekile ngokomoya ukuze uStalin, njengoko wagxothwa kwiziko lemfundo ngaphambi kokuba iimviwo zokungahambi isikolo. Emva koko, uJoseph Vissionovich wakhutshwa isatifikethi, wamvumela ukuba abe ngumfundisi wezikolo zaseprayimari. Ekuqaleni, wafumana ubomi obufumileyo, kwaye emva kokuba uzinze kwindawo yokugcina i-tiflis yendawo yokubala.

Indlela yeNqaku

Umsebenzi woguquko lweStaln uqalise ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900s-umlawuli wexesha elizayo wase-USSR wenziwa kwi-propaganda kunokuba womeleze isikhundla sakhe eluntwini. Eselula, uYosefu wathabatha inxaxheba kwi-rallies, eyayihlala iphela ngobanjwa, esebenza kwindalo yephephandaba elingekho semthethweni "Bruzla" ("umlo"), ophuma kwindlu yokushicilela yeBaku. Inyaniso enomdla yebhayiloji yakhe ye-Georgia yile ngo-1906-1907, iJigashvili yentloko ye-borgber kwiibhanki zecacecasus.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-Getty

Inguqulelo eya eFinland neSweden, apho iinkomfa kunye neCongsness zibanjiwe. Kwangelo xesha, udibana nentloko yorhulumente waseSoviet nguVladimir Lenin kunye nohlaziyo oludumileyo uGeorge Pleukhanov, i-lvm rotsky, i-anacacy liunacarky kunye nabanye.

Ngo-1912, ekugqibeleni wagqiba ekubeni atshintshe ifani kaJugashvili kwiSseagen Stalin. Emva koko indoda iba yikomiti ephambili eCaucasus. Inguqu ifumana isikhundla somhleli oyintloko wephephandaba leBolshevik "Pravda", apho uVladimir Lenin waba ngumncedisi wakhe, owabona imiba yakhe eSolshevik kunye nenguqu. Ngenxa yoko, uYosefu uJosefu uVississanovich waba sisisa sakhe sasekunene.

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Indlela eya kumandla e-stalin yagxunyezwa ngokuvalelwa kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni ezintolongweni, ukusuka apho wayekwazi ukubaleka. Uchithe iminyaka emi-2 eFolvykodsk, emva koko wathunyelwa kwiSixeko saseNarym, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1913, kangangeminyaka emi-3 wagcinwa kwilali yaseKareka. Ukude kwiinkokeli zeqela, uJoseph Vissisriavich ukwazile ukunxibelelana nabo ngembalelwano eyimfihlo.

Phambi kovukelo luka-Okthon, iStalin yaxhasa izicwangciso zikaLenin, kwintlanganiso eyandisiweyo yekomiti ephambili, yenze isigwebo sendawo ye-brigomas kamenev naseGrigoria Zinoviev, ezazichasene novukelo. Ngo-1917, uLenin wanyula uStolin yiMicimbi yeKomishini yeZizwe kwiBhunga leBhunga leKhungu labantu.

Inqanaba elilandelayo lomsebenzi womlawuli we-USSR iqhagamshelwe kwimfazwe yamakhaya apho iguquko libonise ubuchule kunye neempawu zobunkokeli. Uthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini, kubandakanya ukhuselo lweTsaritsatyn noPetrograd, baphikisana nomkhosi ka-Anton Denikin noPeter.

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Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, xa uLenin wayegula ngokugula, uStalin walawula ilizwe, ngelixa ebiza iqela labachasi kunye nabafaki-zicelo besikhundla sikaSihlalo woRhulumente waseSoviet Union kwindlela yalo. Ukongeza, uJoseph Vissisriavich wabonisa unyamezelo lomsebenzi ongumntu, ofunwa sisikhundla seNkokeli yeHardware. Ukomeleza igunya layo, i-stalin ipapasha iincwadi ezi-2 - "kwiziseko zeLeninism" (1924) kunye "kwimicimbi yeLenin" (1927). Kule misebenzi, wathembela kwimigaqo 'yokwakha intlalontle kwilizwe elahlukileyo ", engawakhupheli ngaphandle" kwenguquko yehlabathi ".

Ngo-1930, onke amandla ajongene nezandla zeStalin, ngokunxulumene noko ukona kunye nohlengahlengiso kwaqala kwi-USSR. Eli xesha liphawulwe ngokuqala kwengcinezelo enkulu kunye nokuqhutywa, xa abantu basezilalini belizwe baqhuba kwiifama ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nendlala ehlekisayo.

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Zonke izinto ezikhethiweyo kwi-Peaster Inkokeli entsha yeSoviet Union yathengiswa phesheya, kwaye yaqulunqa ishishini kwishishini, eyakha amashishini, elona candelo liphambili elijolise kwizixeko zaseUrals naseSiberia. Ke, ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, wenza i-USSR yelizwe lesibini emhlabeni ngokwemveliso yemizi-mveliso, nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lezigidi zobomi babantwana abafayo abafayo ngenxa yendlala.

Ngo-1937, incopho yengcinezelo yabethwa, ngelo xesha wakhululwa kuphela phakathi kwabemi beli lizwe, kodwa phakathi kobunkokeli beqela. Ngexesha loyilo olukhulu, abantu abangama-563 abangama-783 abathetha kwi-Februwari-Matshi yePlenum yekomiti ephakathi edutyulwe. Emva kwexesha, intloko yesenzo ichithwe-intloko ye-NKVD nikolai ehov, indawo ethatyathwe yiLavrenty Beria, eyayiyinxalenye yendawo ekufutshane yeStalin. Ezweni, urhulumente worhulumente worhulumente wasungulwa.

Intloko ye-USSR

Ngo-1940, uJoseph Vissarionovich waba ngumlawuli omnye - uhlomezwe we-USSR. Wayeyintloko eyomeleleyo yelizwe, wayenentsebenzo engaqhelekanga, ekwazi ukujolisa abantu ukuba basombulule imisebenzi eyimfuneko. Inqaku le-stalin labunakho ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifumane ixesha lokulawula zonke iinkqubo ezenzeka kweli lizwe.

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Impumelelo kaJoseph Stalin, ngaphandle kweBhodi yeRigidid, ivavanywa kakhulu ziingcali. Enkosi kuye, i-USSR iphumelele kwiMfazwe yeLizwe, Ezolimo yafuduselwa kweli lizwe, ishishini lalinjelwe, ngenxa yoko umbutho womanyano lwaguqukayo lube yimpembelelo enkulu yenyukliya, enefuthe lehlabathi lonke. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ixesha lemagazini laseMelika ngo-1939 kwaye ngo-1943 lanikezelwa kwinkokeli yaseSoviet isihloko esithi "Indoda engu-".

Ukuqala kweMfazwe yeLizwe eliNgcwele, uJoseph Stalin wanyanzeleka ukuba atshintshe isifundo somgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle. Ukuba ngaphambili wacwangcisa ubudlelwane neJamani, emva koko wanikela ingqalelo yakhe kumazwe angaphambili. Ngobuso baseNgilani naseFrance, inkokeli yaseSoviet yayifuna inkxaso ngokuchasene nobushushu bukaFasi.

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Kunye nempumelelo, iBhodi yeStalin iphawulwa ngokuxinena kwamanqaku amabi, ebangela ukoyikeka eluntwini. Ukucinezelwa kwe-stalinist, ubuzwilakhe, uloyiko, ubundlobongela - yonke le nto ithathwa njengeyona mifanekiso iphambili yeBhodi ye-Joseph Vissisriavich. Ukwatyholwa ngokucinezela yonke imimandla yelizwe, ehamba kunye nokulandelelana koogqirha kunye neenjineli, ezibangela ukwenzakala okungakumbi kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko yeSoviet kunye neSayensi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo weStalin kwaye namhlanje ukhwaza ukugweba kwihlabathi liphela. Umlawuli ka-USSR utyholwa ngokufa kwabantu abanamaxhoba anexhoba le-stalinism kunye namaNazi. Kwangelo xesha, kwizixeko ezininzi zikaYosefu iVissisriaviovich Postthumovich Qondazeni ummisi kunye nomphathi onetalente, kwaye abantu abaninzi basamhlonela uMlawuli oDityani, embiza ngokuba yinkokeli enkulu.

Ubomi Buqu

Ubomi bobuqu bukaJoseph Stalin aneenyaniso ezincinci eziqinisekisiweyo namhlanje. Inkosi ka-Oferetor yatshabalalisa ngononophelo bonke ubungqina bosapho bakhe kunye nolwalamano lothando, ngoko abaphandi bakwazile ukubuyisela uvavanyo lwe-bidography yebhayiloji yakhe.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-Getty

Kuyaziwa ukuba isitali sokuqala stalin satshata ngo-1906 kwiCatherine Svanidze, eyamnika i-French yokuqala yeFrench Yakov. Emva konyaka wobomi bosapho, umfazi kaStalin wasweleka nguTyhis. Emva koko, ukutshintsha kwengqolowa kuzinikele ekukhonzeni ilizwe kwaye emva kweminyaka eli-14 kwagqiba kwelokuba ukutshata nethemba lika-Allyluve, omncinci kangangeminyaka engama-23.

UJosefu Vissarionononovich wazala umfazi wonyana ka valily, wathabatha isikhuselo samazibulo kaStalin, owayehlala nomakhulu kumtya womazi. Ngo-1925, intombi yakhe iSvetlana yazalelwa kwintsapho yenkokeli. Ukongeza kubantwana bomthonyama, endlwini yenkokeli yeqela, unyana okhula umntwana ongamfumananga amkhulise i-Argeyev, kwakhuliswa umntakwabo. Utata wakhe - uguquko Fenarreyev wayengumhlobo osondeleyo kaJosefu, wasweleka ngo-1921.

Ngo-1932, abantwana baseStalin baphulukana nonina, waba ngumhlolokazi okwesibini. Iqabane lakhe lilifanisa ubomi bokuzibulala ngemvelaphi yongquzulwano nendoda yakhe. Emva koko, uMlawuli akazange atshate.

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Oonyana bakaYosefu iVissisriaviovich bazisa utata wabazukulwana abangama-9, omncinci nokuba ngubani na, intombi yaseSvetlana Allluve, yavela emva kokubulawa komlawuli - ngo-1971. Kuphela ngu-Alexander Bourdonan, unyana kaVasily Stalin, waziwa kwilizwe lakhe, owaba ngumphathi weqonga lomkhosi waseRussia. Unyana kaYakov, evgeny Zhagashvili, owakhupha incwadi ethi "utat'omkhulu uStalin uyaziwa. Ungcwele! ", Nonyana kaSvetlana, uJesal Alillev, owenza umsebenzi wonyango wentliziyo.

Emva kokufa kukaStalin, kukho iimbambano ngokukhula kwentloko ye-USSR. Abanye abaphandi babethiwa kwinkokeli enezantsi - i-160 cm, kodwa abanye basekwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwiirekhodi kunye neefoto zeRussia "ukhuseleko", apho uJosefu ubonakaliswa njengomntu onobude obuyi-169-174 cm. Intloko Iqela lamaKomanisi lalingabizwa ngokuba "luba" bubunzima be-62 kg.

Ukufa

Ukufa kukaJosefu Stalin kwenzeka ngo-Matshi 5, 1953. Ngokutsho kwesigqibo esisemthethweni sogqirha, umlawuli wase-USSR wasweleka ngenxa ye-hemorthage engqondweni. Emva kokuvulwa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba wayenxunguphele i-ischemic eninzi ngexesha lobomi bakhe, ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ngentliziyo kunye nengqondo engalunganga.

Umzimba ophefumlelweyo we-stalin wabekwa kwiMausoleum ecaleni kweLenin, kodwa emva kweminyaka eyi-8 kwiCMU COCTISCORY KWAKHONA KAKHULU KWI-GROLTION DLULISH. Emngcwabeni kwindimbane yamawaka aliwaka kwabo bafuna ukuyithetha kakuhle kwinkokeli yesizwe. Ngokutsho kolwazi olungafunekiyo, abantu abangama-400 basweleka kwindawo yombhobho.

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Kukholelwa ukuba abo bangumntu wakhe abagulayo babandakanyeka ekufeni kukaStalin, baqwalasele umgaqo-nkqubo weNkokeli yeHlayethi. Abaphandi baqinisekile ukuba "amaqabane" awayenomlawuli ngabom akazange avumele amagqirha angabeka iinyawo zikaYosefu i-vissicarionononovich kwaye athintele ukufa kwakhe.

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, isimo sengqondo malunga nobuntu baseStalin sihlaziyiwe kaninzi, kwaye xa wawulitye ngelo xesha wavalelwa igama, emva koko amaxwebhu amaxwebhu, iincwadi kunye namanqaku apho uhlalutyo lohlalutyo lomlawuli lwaluhlaziyiwe. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, intloko yelizwe yaba yeyona bhanyabhanya yefilimu, enje "yeArdar ye", "umhlaba othenjisiweyo", "ubulala iStalin" kunye nabanye.

Imemori

Iifilimu:

• Ngo-1958 - "usuku lokuqala"
• Ngo-1985 - "Ukoyisa"
• Ngo-1985 - "Idabi leMoscow"
• Ngo-1989 - "I-STARAD"
• Ngo-1990 - "Yakov, Son Stalin"
• Ngo-1993 - "ITestamente yeStalin"
• Ngo-2000 - "ngo-Agasti 44 ..."
• Ngo-2013 - 'Nyana kaBawo Weya'
• Ngo-2017 - "Ukufa kukaStalin"

Iincwadi:

• UYuri Mukhin - "uStalin waseStalin noBheria"
• ULevi Balayan - "Stalin"
• Elena prudnikova - "Khrushchev. I-Conrogs yoyikiso "
• Igor Pohalov - "Inkosi enkulu egadeni. Ubuxoki neNyaniso malunga neStalin "
• IAlexander North - "IKomiti yoRhwaphilizo yeStalin"
• UFeliks Chuv - "Amajoni oMphathi"