Biography
UNikolay owesibini nguMlawuli wokugqibela waseRussia, owaba libali njengoyena mntu ungukumkani. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ukuphathwa kwelizwe ngenxa yenkosi 'yindawo enkulu ", kodwa oku akuzange kumthintele ekwenzeni umrhumo wokuphuculwa kwemveliso yeRussia, ngaphandle kwento yokuba kulawulo lwe-nicholas II, intshukumo yoguquko yayisanda kakhulu, kwaye imeko yengcaciso yomgaqo-nkqubo yelinye ilizwe yayinzima.. Kwimbali yale mihla, umlawuli waseRussia ukhankanywa yi-Epithets "Nikolai igazi" kunye "Nikolai Mferyr", njengoko iimvavanyo zemisebenzi kunye nohlobo lwenkosi ziyathandana kwaye ziphikisana.
UNikolai II wazalwa nge-18 ka-1868 kwilali yasebukhosini yoBukhosi baseRussia kwintsapho ye-Imperial. Kubazali babo, uAlexander III noMary Fedorovna, waba ngunyana olizibulo, ngokuphela kwetempile eya kwitrone, eyafundiswa kwabona babomi bakhe bokuqala. Umfana ongumNgesi Karl Wakhe wakhuliswa kukumkani ophakathi kwasemva kokuzalwa, oqeqeshe uNikolay Alexandrovich ngesiNgesi.
Ubuntwana bendlalifa iyeyona godini yebhotwe likaGatchna phantsi kobunkokeli bomoya kayise uAlexander III, owabavumela ukuba badlale kwaye bavuselele umlinganiso, Kodwa kwangaxeshanye azange avumele ukubonakaliswa kwezifundo zabo, ukugcina zonke iingcinga zoonyana malunga netrone yexesha elizayo.
Kwiminyaka eyi-8, uNikolai owesibini waqalisa ukufumana imfundo ngokubanzi ekhaya. Uqeqesho lwakhe lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sekhosi jikelele ye-gemnasic, kodwa inkosi yexesha elizayo ayizange ibonise iZarry kunye nomnqweno okhethekileyo wokufunda. Inkanuko yakhe yayiyishishini lomkhosi - sele liyiminyaka emi-5 yaba yintloko yobomi bendawo yokugcina izilwanyana kunye ne-Geography yaseMkhosini, uMthetho kunye nesiCwangciso sezoMthetho kunye nesiCwangciso sezoMthetho. Izifundo kwi-monarch yexesha elizayo Funda ezona zazane ezibalaseleyo ngamagama ehlabathi, ezazikhethwe ngokobuqu unyana kaTsar Alexander III kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uMaria Fedorovna.
Ngokukodwa indlalifa yaphumelela ukufundisisa iilwimi zasemzini, ukuze ukongeza kwisiNgesi, wayenetyala lesiFrentshi, isiJamani kunye neDanish. Emva kweminyaka esibhozo, inkqubo yokuzivocavoca ngokubanzi, uNicholas, waqala ukufundisa iiSayensi eziNinzi zifunekayo kummelwane wexesha elizayo, inxalenye yeSebe lezoQoqoqosho kwiYunivesithi yaseMthethweni.
Ngo-1884, ekufezekisweni kwesininzi, iNicholas II yazisa isifungo kwibhotwe lasebusika, emva koko wangena kweyona nkonzo yasemkhosini, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu waqalisa ukuya emkhosini, awayeyikhuphisana. Ukufudukela emkhosini kwityala lomkhosi, ukumkani wexesha elizayo waziqhelanisa ngokulula kwinkqubela phambili yobomi bomkhosi kwaye wadlulisela inkonzo emkhosini.
Ukwazi okokuqala ngemicimbi kaRhulumente kwindlalifa ukuya kwiTrone kwenzeka ngo-1889. Emva koko waqalisa ukuya ezintlanganisweni zeBhunga likaRhulumente kunye nekhabhaki yabalungiseleli, apho uTata wazisa kuye nale meko kwaye wabelana ngamava ngendlela yokulawula ilizwe. Kwangelo xesha linye, uAlexander III wenza uhambo oluninzi kunye nonyana wakhe, owaqala kwi-oyinti yeoli. Kwiinyanga ezili-9 ezizayo, bahamba iGrisi, i-India, eJiputa, eJapan neChina ngaselwandle, emva koko babuyela kwikomkhulu laseSiriya, babuyela kwikomkhulu laseRussia.
Ukunyuka ukuya eTrone
Ngo-1894, emva kokubulawa kuka-Alexander III, uNikolai, owesibini wangena kwitrone kwaye ethembisekile ukuba agade inkululeko ngokuqinileyo kwaye aqinile njengomzali wakhe. Ukuhanjiswa komlawuli wokugqibela waseRussia wenzeka ngo-1896 eMoscow. Le minyhadala iphawulwe yimicimbi ebuhlungu kwintsimi ye-Khodynsky, apho ngexesha lokusasazwa kwezipho zasebukhosini kwakukho izipho eziphezulu zobunzima, ukuthabatha ubomi bamawaka amabini.
Ngenxa yokutyunyuzwa okukhulu, inkosi eyafika emandleni ukuba irhoxise ibhola yangokuhlwa kwi-Khodiden yentlekele, kodwa ayifanelekanga ukuba iholide yeholide ye i-coronation. Ezi ziganeko, ibutho lemibutho efundileyo yaqwalaselwa njengomceli mngeni, eyayingumbophelelo wesiseko kwindalo yentshukumo yenkululeko eRussia esuka kwi-chactor yenkosi.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yoku, uMlawuli elizweni wazisa umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi onzima, ngokokuhluthwa kwayo nayiphi na intonga phakathi kwabantu. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yoLawulo lukaNikolai okwesibini eRussia, ubalo lwabantu lwaluqhutywa, kwaye kuguqulwe imali yemali kwenziwa, nto leyo yamisela umgangatho we-ROBLE. I-roby yegolide i-cicholas II ilingana ne-0.77 yeegrem zegolide ecocekileyo kwaye yayiyi-raby "ye" rold ", kodwa iphindwe kabini" kwi-upollar ye "
Kwangelo xesha linye, "uHlaziyo lwezoLimo luye lwafunyanwa eRussia, umthetho wefektri waziswa, imithetho eliqela kwi-inshurensi ye-Derimeds kunye nemfundo yamashishini iphela yamkelwe, kunye nomrhumo werhafu evela kubanini be-Polin kwaye barhoxisiwe izohlwayo, ezinjengokubhekiswa kweSiberia.
Kubukumkani baseRussia, ukwakhiwa kwemfazwe kwabanjwa ngexesha leNicholas, amaxabiso ezolimo anyuswa, kwaqala ukuveliswa kwe-Coal kunye neoyile. Kwangelo xesha, ngenxa efanayo, kumlawuli wokugqibela waseRussia, zingaphezulu kwamawaka angama-70 amawaka eekhilomitha awakhiwa eRussia.
Ibhodi kunye nokuhlawula kwakhona
Ulawulo lweNikolai okwesibini kwinqanaba lesibini luhamba ngexesha lobomi bezopolitiko yangaphakathi yeRussia kunye nemeko yendlela entsonkothileyo yelinye ilizwe. Kwangelo xesha, kwindawo yokuqala yayiyeyona mpuma yempuma. Eyona nto iphambili kwinkosi yaseRussia ukuya kwi-Enter Erpun, eyayingenalumkisi ngo-1904, yahlasela i-Escarsu kwi-Esthur yasePort Arthur, yawoyisa umkhosi waseRussia.
Ngenxa yokusilela kwemfazwe yaseRussia ezweni kwaqala ukukhulisa ngokukhawuleza imeko yoguquko, kwaye iRussia kwafuneka inike iJapan inxalenye ye-sakhalin kunye namalungelo kwiPeninsula yaseAkhadan. Kwakule emva koku umlawuli waseRussia olahlekileyo kwizangqa zelizwe ezikrelekrele nelityhola ngxi ukuba koyiswe nguGresten, owayengumcebisi wenkosi, kodwa eqwalaselwa kuluntu i-chartatan kunye Ubuqhetseba obunefuthe elipheleleyo ngaphezulu kweNikolai okwesibini.
Imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala yowe-1914 yayiyindawo yokutshintsha kwi-bicholas yeNicholas II. Emva koko umlawuli wayezama ukuthintela ukubulawa kwamagazi kunye nayo yonke imikhosi kwicebiso le-rassutin, kodwa iJamani yaya eRussia eRussia, eyanyanzelwa ukuba ikhusele. Ngo-1915, unkosikazi wawuthatha umkhosi womkhosi womkhosi waseRussia kwaye waya ngaphambili, ehlola iiyunithi zasemkhosini. Kwangelo xesha, wenza iimpazamo ezininzi zomkhosi, okhokelele ekuweni kolawulo lweRomanov kunye noBukhosi baseRussia.
Imfazwe yaphazamisa iingxaki zangaphakathi zelizwe, zonke iimpazamo zasemkhosini zijikelezwe yiNicholas zomsibini ezibelwe kuye. Emva koko kurhulumente welizwe waqalisa "intwana yengcambu yeli lizwe", kodwa ngaphandle kwalo, umlawuli, kunye ne-England naseFransi, kuphuhliswe icebo lokuqalisa kweRussia, elaliza kuphelisa ihlobo le-Russia elalini lilihlobo Ngo-1917.
Izicwangciso zikaNikolai zazingamiselwanga ukuza kuthi ga kwi-Februwari 1917, ukulandelwa kwezinto ngokuchasene nobukumkani basebukhosini kunye norhulumente okokuqala waqala ukumisa iindlela zombane. Kodwa emkhosini akazange ayithobele imiyalelo yokumkani, namalungu enkosi emnandi emfikile ukuba amlahle etroneni, enceda ekuncedeni ukungazithembi. Emva kweentsuku ezininzi zokubonakaliswa kobuhlungu, uNicholas II wagqiba kwelokuba alahle itrone ethanda umntakwabo, iNkosana u-Alexall Alexandrovich, owala ukuphela kwendlu kaRomanov.
Dubula iNicholas II kunye nosapho
Emva kokutyikitya inkosi yeMiboniso yeMiboniso yeMiboniso yeRessia, urhulumente we-Russia wakhupha i-odolo yokubanjwa kosapho lwasebukhosini kunye nokungqinelana kwawo. Ke abaninzi bangcatshayo ngu-Emper kwaye basinda, kuphela iiyunithi zabantu abathandekayo bavuma ukwahlula imbonakalo kaToborden, ababekho apho, batyholwa khona, uNicholas usapho kufuneka ithunyelwe eUnited States.
Emva kohlaziyo luka-Okthobha kwaye luza namandla, i-bolsheviks, ikhokelwa nguVladimir Lenin, usapho lweTsarist luthutho kwi-Yekaternburg kwaye lwagqitywa kwi "Indlu yezoMkhosi zikhethekileyo". Ke iiBolsheviks zaqala ukungena kwisicwangciso senkcaso kwinkosi, kodwa imfazwe yamakhaya ayivumelanga injongo yabo.
Ngenxa yoku, kwii-echelons ephezulu yamandla eSoviet, kwagqitywa kwelokuba adubule inkosi nentsapho yakhe. Ngobusuku bukaJulayi 16, Julayi 17, 1918, usapho lomlawuli wokugqibela waseRussia wadutyulwa kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwendlu, apho uNicholas II wavalelwa khona. Ukumkani, inkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana, kunye neqela elisecaleni kwakhe, eziziswa kwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba phantsi kwengxwabangxwaba kwaye idutyulwe ngaphandle kwengcaciso, emva kokuba isuswe ngaphandle kwe-kerosene, kwaye emva kwengcwaba Emhlabeni.
Ubomi bobuqu kunye nosapho lwasebukhosini
Ubomi bobuqu be-nicholas bowesibini, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkosi zaseRussia, yayinguMgangatho wosapho olona ncedo luphezulu. Ngo-1889, ngexesha lotyelelo lwenkosazana yaseJamani uHesswoice Heardedt eRussia, uZasvice Nikolay wanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwintombazana kwaye wambuza utata wokusikelela. Kodwa abazali abavumelani kukhetho lwendlalifa, uNyana akazange avume. Khange uyeke uNikolai II, ongazange aphulukane nethemba lomtshato noAlice. Bancedwa yinkosazana enkulu uElizabhete Fedovna, udade wenkosazana yaseJamani, esenza imbalelwano eyimfihlo kunye nothando olutsha.
Emva kweminyaka emi-5, iZasvich Nikolai kwakhona iphinde yabuza imvume kayise nomtshato kunye nenkosazana yaseJamani. I-Alexander III ingekajonga impilo enxaxhileyo evunyelwe ngunyana ukuba atshatele uAlice, owaba nguAlexander Fedorovna emva kwehlabathi. NgoNovemba 1894, umtshato waseNikolai owesibini no-Alexandra wenzeka kwibhotwe lasebusika, kwaye ngo-1896, amaqabane aya kwamkela i-coronation kwaye ngokusesikweni abalawuli belizwe.
Kumtshato uAlexandra Fedovna noNikolai II, abantwana abahlanu bazalwa - iintombi ezi-4 (i-Tatiana, ezazinesifo sika-Anastai) kunye ne-anastasi, eyayinelifa le-hemophilia enxulumene nenkqubo yegazi. I-Tsearevich Alexei Nikolayevich inyanzele uGreen Rastorutin ngelo xesha, oye wanceda ukuba alwe nefuthe elikhulu kwi-Alexander Fedorovna kunye ne-Emperor Nicholas yesibini.
Ababhali-mbali baxela ukuba usapho lomlawuli wokugqibela waseRussia welona luvo lubalulekileyo lobomi. Wayesoloko echitha ixesha elininzi kwisangqa sentsapho, engazange anjengeziyolo zehlabathi, athande uxolo, imikhwa, impilo nentlalontle yezalamane. Kwangelo xesha, umlawuli wayengenguye umntu ongamzisiyo wehlabathi - wakuvuyela ukuzingela, ethathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano, ekhwela i-ice ye-ice ye-ice kwaye edlala i-hockey nge-azart.