Biography
UWinston Churchill yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zezopolitiko ze-XX. Imisebenzi yakhe yeBritane kwaye zonke ezobupolitika zehlabathi zazibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kuluntu lwale mihla ziqikelelwa ukuba zixabisekile: Kodwa kuluntu lwale mihla luqikelelwa inkalipho kunye nezenzo zezopolitiko, kwaye ezinye zinoneliseka ngenxalenye, ngoko yayikukulawula umhlaba kuphela umdyarho omhlophe kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-ecalt yayilwalukhuni ekuhleni ukuba noozwilakhe kwiDabi, Akazange azifihle imbonakalo ka-Jatanini noJoseph Stalin, ababethetha ngobukumkani bakhe beBhodi e-Itali kunye ne-USSR.
UWinston uLeonard Spencer Churncer wazalwa ngoNovemba 30, 1874 kwilifa lesini le-herzov Malboro, kwibhotwe lelebhu. Abazali bakhe baba zizityebi kwaye banempembelelo - utata, uKing Randolph Spencer, wayenguMkhenkeno odumileyo weBritane, noMama kaJenny wayeyintombi yaseMelika.
Ipolitiki yexesha elizayo yaba lizibulo kusapho, kodwa yahluthwa ingqalelo yabazali, njengoko utata wakhe wayesoloko ebandakanyeka kwimfezeko yezopolitiko, kwaye umama walo walisekayo lonke ixesha lakhe. Ke ngoko, imfundo ye-Winston yaselula yazibandakanya eNanny Elizabeth Anrest, eyayikufutshane nomntu osondeleyo kwiCage.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, inkulumbuso yeBritane yaba lilungu "le-castra ephezulu" yeklasi enesitali sobuqhetseba, njengoko abantu abangenalo ilungelo lokungena kwindlu ye Uluntu kunye norhulumente welizwe. Kodwa, njengoko kwavela, uWinston waba ngummeli womgca osecaleni, owamvumela ukuba abe nezopolitiko ezinkulu.
Kwiminyaka esixhenxe, wathunyelwa kwisikolo saseGeorge evaliweyo, apho ingqwalaselo engakumbi ethathelwa ingqalelo kunoqeqesho lwabantwana. Kwiziko lemfundo, uWinston wabonisa bonke ukuthandabuza kwayo ukufunda kwaye ubeka kwakhona ngemithetho engqongqo yeMigaqo yangaphakathi, ethi iphindwe kabini kwi-roging. Emva kokutyelela rhoqo i-nanny yakhe yaphawula umzimba wenkwenkwe kuhlaselwa okunzima, wanyanzelisa ukudluliselwa kweCawerhel kwesinye isikolo.
Kodwa kwiSikolo saseBrighton sabaseThomson, wayengazithandi izifundo zakhe kwaye wayengoyena mfundi wamva nje kwigumbi lokufundela. Kwiminyaka eyi-12, i-Winston yase-WINTON yaqala iingxaki zempilo - waye wagqobhoza ekuvuselelweni kwemiphunga, eyayibuthathaka umzimba wakhe. Ngokuphathelene noku, akazange aye kwiZiko leMfundo eliPhakamileyo leMveli laMadoda oMbuso kwi-Malvius Malboro e-ITon, kwaye wangena kwiKholeji engathandekiyo e-Properigue. Ukhetho olunjalo lwenziwa ngenxa yendawo yendawo yeeyunivesithi.
Kodwa apha icawe iqhubekile nokubonisa ukungakhathali kwizifundo ezizeleyo kwizifundo zemfundo - wafunda kuphela ukuba wayezibuza, kwaye yonke enye into yayingakhathalelwanga nokuzithemba kwakhe ngokwemvelo. Ke ngoko, ngo-1889, waguqulelwa kwiklasi yomkhosi, kwinkqubo yakhe yoqeqesho egxile kwityala lomkhosi.
Kulapha ekumngeni uWinston wabacelwa umngeni uWinston waguqukela kumfundi okhutheleyo. Uye wakwazi ukuba ngomnye wabaphumeleleyo kwesi sikolo sikwazile ukugqitha kwiimviwo zokugqibela kuzo zonke izifundo, ezivumelekileyo ukuba zingene kwesona sikolo samakhosikazi e-United Kingdom.
Umsebenzi womkhosi
Ngo-1895, ekupheleni kweSikolo Sasemkhosini, wabhaliswa kummandla weGusiar wasebukhosini, kodwa emva kwexesha nje elifutshane ndaqonda ukuba umsebenzi wasemkhosini awuzange umtsala umsebenzi. Ngenxa yobudlelwane bukanina, ngalo mhlolokazi ka-Thein, uWinston wafumana ukusasazwa kweCuba, apho wamiselwa imbalelwano yomkhosi, eqhubeka edweliswa kwinkonzo yasemkhosini. I-Deburut Kwintatheli yokuPurnali yazisa umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo kunye nomsebenzi woluntu, kwaye wavumela ukuba izuzile imali yokuqala kwi-25 gini.
Ukongeza kubuqaqawuli kunye nengeniso kunye neCuba ChurchIll yazisa imikhwa emibini yobomi bonke - ukutshaya kweCuba iCigars kunye nokunyanzelwa ngokunyanzelwa kunye nokunyanzelwa, ukubonelela ngokuphumla kwemini. Ngo-1896, waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe lokufunda kwaye wathunyelwa eIndiya, emva koko waya eYiputa. Apha i-Calile yabonisa yonke inkalipho yakhe yokulwa - ukongeza kokukhanya kweziganeko, wathatha inxaxheba emaphandleni, ngokungavumi ngenxa yesazela.
Ezopolitiko
Ngo-1899, uWinston Churchill wagqiba ekubeni arhoxe kwaye azinikele kwezopolitiko. Ngexesha yayisele intatheli eyaziwayo, ngoko ke wayelibala kwinkxaso yoluntu. Ilinge lokuqala lokufaka iPalamente njengenxalenye yombutho olondolozayo wafumana ukusilela - abavoti bakhetha iinkululeko.
Ukukhupha ngexesha lezopolitiko, i-Chundul yabuya yaya kuhambo lwentatheli. Ngeli xesha wathunyelwa eMzantsi Afrika, kwii-alfan apho iMfazwe ye-Anglo-yeBhodi.
Apho wafakwa khona abachasi, ukusuka apho kuye kwaphelelwa khona ngenkalipho, eyaba yiyure yenkukhu yeCahu njengomgaqo-nkqubo: abavoti bathembisa ukumthembisa ukuba anikezele nokuba "izigqibo zezopolitiko". Kwangaxeshanye, wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwidabi, apho wayethatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezininzi zokuhlangula abantu abathandanayo kwintolongo yakhe.
Ukufika kwenkalipho ka-Cagelis kumvumela ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lakhe ligorha lokwenene- unokuphumelela ngokulula unyulo lwepalamente ngo-1900 kwaye ajoyine amagumbi okuhlala apho iminyaka eyi-50 eza kuthunyelwa khona. Kwakuloo nyaka, wapapasha kuphela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, inoveli ", inoveli", apho, ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, ipolitiki kwindima yesona sifanekayo sibonisa.
Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala ePalamente, uWinston Churchill wathetha ngokugxeka ngokuqatha ngokuchasene nezixhobo zokugcina, evakalisa ukungavisisani okugqibeleleyo nale nkqubo ye-charvologist ephambili kaJosefuin. Kungenxa yoko le nto inkulumbuso ye-Great Britain ishiye iqela lolondolozo kwiminyaka emi-4 kwaye yafudukela kwinkululeko - eli nyathelo lamvumela ukuba athathe izinyuko zezopolitiko.
Ekuqaleni, waba nguSekela-Mphathiswa we-Clonies, emva koko wamiselwa kwisikhundla soRhwebo, emva kokuba efumene isikhundla soMphathiswa wezangaphakathi, kwaye emva konyaka waba ngumphathiswa we-Naval, ngaloo ndlela eba ngowona ubalaseleyo Izopolitiki ezincinci ezihlala ezona zithuba zinempembelelo eBritane.
Ukuba nentloko yenkonzo yamandla e-Naval, uWinston Church wahlutha i-biasco evakalayo: Ngokwempazamo yakhe kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, umkhosi waseDordanellah wasweleka ngenene, apho amajoni angama-250 amajoni ayeswelekile.
Emva koko, ukuzama ukulungisa ityala lakhe, abapolitiki bezopolitiko baza babhaliswa ngamavolontiya ngaphambili. Kwiminyaka embalwa, xa i "Inkanuko" ejikeleze iDordathe, i-Church yabuya kurhulumente, apho wathabatha isikhundla soMphathiswa wezoNdwenya zoMkhosi, esasingakwazi ukuzibiza ngokuthi "kwezopolitiko Iqhekeza "kangangeminyaka eliqela, lihamba ngokupheleleyo kwezopolitiko.
I-Brimerish Primer
Ukubuyela kuMgaqo-nkqubo kaWinston Churchill waphawulwa ngokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa iJamani yahlasela iPoland, emva koko i-United Kingdom yavakalisa i-Adolf hitler. Wayecetywa ukuba abe yiNkosi yokuqala yokuhlonela, ngelungelo lokuvota kwibhunga lasemkhosini, njengoko wayengazange athembise ilizwe laphakade kwilizwe lakhe kwaye wayengomnye wabantu abambalwa, ngokwazi ukuzisa isizwe uloyiso.
Ukugxila kwizandla zakhe zonke ii-leves eziphambili zelizwe, ezijolise kumlo oqinisekileyo wokulwa uHitler, i-Church ikwazile ukukhwela phezulu kwamandla kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-England. Kodwa ukunyanzeliswa, unyamezelo kunye novavanyo lwemeko yemeko luvumela i-pritarish primer yokukhokela ngempumelelo imfazwe ngempumelelo ngokudala i-United States kunye ne-USSR.
Ukuba ngumchasi okhankanyiweyo kwi-bolshevism, i-carhell phakathi kweHitler noStalin bakhetha aba bantu baphuma. NgoMeyi 1942, yena kunye neenkokeli zaseMelika kunye neRussian Roosevelt noJoseph Stalvelt batyikitya uxwebhu olubalulekileyo ekudalweni kweNdawo yeLizwe laseHitler, enamagama athi "I-ARDE YOLUNGU OKUGQIBELA NGOKUGQIBELA AmaLuntu emva koloyiso kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Emva kwakhe ngo-1945, iinkokeli ze-Great Britain, iUnited States kunye ne-USSR zenza inkomfa ye-Yalta, eyayigqiba kwemephu yezopolitiko yehlabathi ngexesha lemfazwe. Ke iinkokeli ze "Trosika ezinkulu" zagqiba kwelokuba iJamani ifanele yahlulwe ibe yimimandla emi-4 ehlala, emva kwe-baltic, i-IKRAIIN yasentshona, iBelavina, iBukovina kunye ne-karelia kunye ne-karelia kunye ne-karelia neKarelia babuyela kwi-USSR. Kwangelo xesha, iSoviet Union ithembele ekubeni nenxaxheba kwimfazwe neJapan, apho i-sakhalin kunye ne-Kril Islands kufuneka ifunyenwe.
Kwangoko ekupheleni kwemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, umhlaba wonke wahlule kwiinkqubo ezimbini zezopolitiko, kwaye i-cubeby yaqala ukubiza intshona yokuyalela kuyo yonke impumlo 'ye-fuffoavism. Kodwa ngelo xesha kwafuneka ashiye umgaqo-nkqubo omkhulu, ukusukela kwiminyaka yeMfazwe e-UK, iingxaki ezinzulu zoqoqosho zaqala, ityala lelizwe likhule kwaye ubudlelwane kunye nemikholoni engummelwane buye bakhululeka. Oku kukhokelele kwi-Winston Churchill kunyulo lwepalamente, kwaye warhoxa.
Ngelo xesha, wayesiya kwinkcaso yaseburhulumenteni, kodwa engakhange avele kwiNdlu yeCosmons, azisasaze kwimisebenzi yoncwadi. Ngo-1951, eneminyaka engama-76 ubudala, uWinston Churchill waphinda waba yinkulumbuso yaseBritane kwaye le minyaka inemithetho yelizwe. Kule minyaka yokugqibela yomsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko, wachitha umgaqo-nkqubo wasemzini ogxininisa kuphuhliso lwamandla enyukliya, ngethemba lokubuyisa amandla emkhosini eBritane nayo. Njengemeko yempilo, ipolitiki yaseBritane yanyanzeleka ukuba ihambise ukubheja kwaye ihambe ukusuka kwiplanga iphambi kweyona nkundla imbeko.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu yaseWinston Churchill buthelekiswa nababhali-mbali abaninzi banothando oluhle. " Ipolitiki enkulu yaseBritane yadibana nothando lobomi bakhe ngo-1908 kwaye yatshata kwaoko abanyuliweyo. Waba ngcelele uClomentine Hozier, intombi yaseLondon Aristocrats. Ndikunye nenkosikazi yakhe iBrimerish Primeritani, iBrimerish Primery eneminyaka engama-57 yaba ngumhlobo wakhe osenyongweni kunye nomcebisi wezopolitiko, kuba kuphela emva kokuba i-Church yakhe ithathe izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umfazi womfazi wayenguHerner iminyaka eli-11, eyayithathwa njengomehluko omkhulu ngaloo maxesha, wakwazi ukugcina uthando kwintsapho yabo, kwaye ekuphela komntu onamandla okuhlangabezana ne-charp . UClementine wazala iWinston yabantwana abahlanu, ngasinye yayinqwenelekayo nabathandekayo babazali bakhe. Emva kokubhubha kweBritane yeBritane yeBritane, ngaphandle kwento yokuba wayengumyeni ofanelekileyo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba wayengabafuduladlandile kwaye umdlali, ubusuku obuchithe kwiKhasino.
U-Winsry Winston Churchill, u-Clementine waphulukana nentsingiselo ebomini kwaye wayekulungele ukumlandela, kodwa wamiswa libhiyolo yehlabathi lakhe, xa wayesiza kwiBritane "engaphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko." Yayiyintetho yokucamngca eyamnceda ukuba aphile kwilahleko kunye neminyaka eli-12 ezayo ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi, epapasha iimemo zakhe ezingaziwayo zeNkokeli yaseBritane.
Ukufa
Ukufa kukaWinston Churchill weza ngoJanuwari 24, 1965. Elona lizwe likhulu kwi-Briton kulo lonke imbali yelizwe lafa eneminyaka engama-90. Unobangela wokufa kwe-Prime yaseBrimen Prime yangumtshutshisi, owayengahlaselwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo okokuqala. Umngcwabo weCalill wabanjwa kwifomathi yombuso phantsi kobunkokeli bukaKumkanikazi uElizabeth II - bali-10 kuphela abanikezelwa imbeko e-Great Britain.
Umgaqo-nkqubo womngcwabo womngcwabo uye waba yeyona nto iphambili kwimbali yelizwe, njengabameli bamazwe ali-112 kunye nawo onke amalungu osapho lwasebukhosini abathathe inxaxheba kuyo. Umngcwabo woMngcwabo weWinston Culell wasasazwa ngamachweba amaninzi akwilizwe elijikeleze umhlaba, ovumela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-350 kwizikrini zeTV ukuba bathethe kwiBritane yaseBritane.
Ngokwesicelo seCahulill, wangcwatywa kumangcwaba ase-Eleday waseCawe yaseSt. Martin, ebekufuphi nendawo yakhe ekufuphi. Umngcwabo wenziwe phambi kwamalungu osapho kuphela kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo.