Biography
UThomas Wolferes ubhekisa kwiqela lababhali 'abalahlekileyo', ungumbhali waseRomanov, umgubhu, amabali kunye nobudala. I-American, eyayihlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, yayisaziwa ngesitayile sayo sokuqala, kwimisebenzi yayo idityaniswa ngokulinganayo, imibongo ye-syricles kunye nembono emnandi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography kaThomas Clayiitson Wolf yaqala kwi-1900 kwi-US Staltina. Wayengoyena mncinci kaJuyam Olie noJulia Elizabeth - Abameli bobuzwe bamaYuda, abahlala kwidolophu yaseAshville kwaye bakhulisa abantwana abasibhozo.
Utata wayeyinkosi yokusika i-Arting kwilitye kunye nomnini weshishini lomngcwabo, umama wathenga izindlu ezihlala kufutshane kwaye iqulethe indlu yebhodi. Umbhali wexesha elizayo wayekukhathalela umzali, umhlobo wakhe osinikelayo wayengumntwana wakhe okhulileyo.
Ebuntwaneni, uThomas wayeluthando ngoncwadi, ngakumbi iincwadi zababhali abacwangciseneyo. Ukufika kwakhe kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseburhulumenteni, wajoyina iKlabhu yeNgxoxo, ogama linguMbutho we-Biarics kunye nePhilantdrople, kwaye wajoyina i-Filanthrople, wangena 'pi kappa fi ".
Ngokweengcebiso kootitshala kunye nabo ufundayo, iAmerican ebhalwe kwi-Drama, ukudlala i-bitut "ibuyela kwi-Baka Gavin" ibeka ithetho lemidlalo yeqonga.
Indawo ekungqongileyo iphawulwe ukuba ubo boooyof babedlala italente. Ukuphuhlisa, umfana uhlele iphephandaba labafundi kwaye wabhala isincoko esoyisa amabhaso. Ngo-1920, umbhali wexesha elizayo wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kubugcisa kwaye eqhubeka nemfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, eyayithathwa njengeliko leziko lemfundo laseMelika. Ngexesha elifutshane, wenza uthotho lobudlala, kunye nempumelelo yomgcini webhaker waseGeorge Pier.
Ukuba yinkosi, ngo-1923, uThomas waya eNew York kwaye wazama ukuthengisa imisebenzi yakhe kwi-Raboway. Amaxhoba e-fiasco, warhola kootitshala kwaye kangangexesha elithile wafundisa iiyunivesithi kwiiyunivesithi ngesiNgesi.
Indalo
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokudala, uWolfe akakwazanga ukudibanisa nayiphi na idrama egqityiweyo. I-TheAtatrons iqhele ukuphuculwa kophuhliso lwamandla eminyhadala, yoyikisa ivolumu. Xa umdla "Wamkelekile kwisixeko sethu" walilahla umbutho wabalawuli, umbhali wafumanisa ukuba isitayile sakhe sasifaneleke ngakumbi kwi-GREP yobugcisa. Uye eYurophu ukukhuthaza kwaye ubhale.
Umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekileyo yayiyi-Autobiography ye "Jonga ekhayeni lakho, ingelosi." Kwifomu yentsomi yentsomi, uTomas wachaza imbali yosapho lwayo. Umbhalo obhaliweyo ubetha izandla zomhleli, osebenza noFrancis Scott Fitzgerald kunye no-Ernest Hemingway. Emva kokufunda ngaphezu kwamaphepha aliwaka, i-Mxwell Perkns incitshisiwe kwaye yapapasha inoveli kwi-American Crarbner Crarles Charles Shipasha.
Umsebenzi waba ngumthengisi waseJamani kunye ne-United Kingdom, nangona imifanekiso yabameli ye-gantt yomsindo yayibangela ukucaphuka kwezalamane. Kuphela ngudade osele ekhulile kuphela olwenziwe umbhali, kwisigidimi awacebisayo ukuba umzalwana angayibili kakuhle kunye noluvo lokuphumla.
Imveliso ye-Debut yazisa i-thomas gomas fam kunye ne-huggenlip yokufunda. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, waphumelela emsebenzini kwi-EPIC-ye-EPIC "efanelekileyo". Ukuba bawuqwalasele amandla orhwebo anokubakho, wazisa inqaku elinye kuphela, elibizwa ngokuba "malunga nexesha nomlambo", apho iiprototypes zabalinganiswa be-Alina Bernstein kunye neArhente yoLwazi i-Maxim Lineber.
Impikiswano eyaqhekeza inoveli entsha, iqhubekile ukuphelisa isivumelwano nomhleli, sinika uxinzelelo olukhulu kuye, kwaye sithathe uhambo olukhulu kuye, kwaye sithathe uhambo oluninzi kwiYurophu ndikhangela izimvo ezintsha. Ngexesha lohambo, wabona amatyala ocalucalulo nxamnye namaYuda, ukubuyela eUnited States of America, amakhoboka afikayo abahlobo abaninzi beza.
Imvakalelo yokuphoxeka kweyona ngcinga yeNazi ijolise kubameli bezinto ezingamazwe ezahlukeneyo, ibonakalisiwe kwibali "Ikhaya Akukho mbuyiselo", kwabhengezwa kwimagazini "iRiphabhlikhi" entsha ". Iincwadi zikaThomas zavalwa kwinani lamazwe axhasa uAdolf Hitler. Umbhali wayengacetyiswa ukuba avele kwi-Austria noMlawuli waseJamani.
Ngexesha lonyaka, ingcuka isebenza kwimisebenzi emitsha. Ngo-1937, i-Bibliografiography yagcwaliswa kwithegi ye "chictogue" kwimfazwe yamakhaya kwi-United States yaseMelika.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1925, ukubuya kwakhe ekuhambeni eYurophu, iWolty yadibana no-Alina Berine-Imeko ye-New York Dater. Eli nenekazi, elingumthengisi woTshintshe kwaye lalineminyaka eli-19 ubudala, yayineminyaka eli-19 kunombhali, kodwa oku akuzange kumthintele ebomini bakhe.
Inoveli, eyathatha iminyaka emi-5, kwinyathelo lokuqala lommeli wesondo ofanelekileyo waphela. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane obunobuhlobo babekade banothando bagcinwa kude kube sekupheleni. Ibhinqa lenze indima kwindima yeyumyuzi, umfundi kunye nomxhasi ophambili. Waba yi-prototy roman "Jonga ikhaya lakho, ingelosi", kunye nokukhuthaza imisebenzi "ngexesha nangomlambo" kunye "nelitye le-" kunye nelitye le-"kunye nelitye le-" kunye nelitye le-"kunye nelitye le-" kunye "nelitye le-"
Ngaphambi kokuba uye kuThoqo, uThomas wabizwa ngokuba ngumhlobo. Watsho ukuba, ngaphandle kweemeko, akaze ayeke ukuthanda. Emva kokusweleka kweWold, yaziwa ukuba i-Bernernide yayiyiyile kunye nemibhalo ebhaliweyo, lo mfazi wabagcina njengophawu lolonwabo, ekunzima ukulibala.
Ukufa
Ngo-1938, ukuqukumbela ikhontrakthi kunye nomhleli e-Eddward e-Edward Asoll kunye nokudlulisela umfanekiso obhaliweyo, uWolfe waya kutyelelo kumazwe asentshona. Kwiidayari, waphawula ukuba uza kusuka kude neengxaki zentsapho yakhe kunye nengqonge kwaye acinga ukuba libonisa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ezi zicwangciso zazingamiselwanga ukuza kuthi, kuba uThomas wayebanda endleleni kwaye wachitha ixesha elide ezibhedlele ngokufunyaniswa kwenyumonia. Umbhali wawela kwi-coma, kuba esi sifo sinefuthe ngengqondo. Oogqirha njengoko babenokulwa ubomi boMbhali wezolo ze-Autobiographical, kodwa unobangela wokufa ngoSeptemba 1938 yayisisifo seBeble.
Phambi kokuba i-Wold ye-Wold, ndathumela umyalezo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-My Perkins kwaye wambulela ngokubambisana. Umbhali waqonda ukubaluleka komhleli kwimpumelelo yemisebenzi yantlandlolo.
Emva kokuba umzimba wasiwa emangcwabeni asemnyango wangcwatywa kwingcwaba elilandelayo kwizalamane ezifileyo, oochwephesha be-Nectrologists babhalisa iintatheli kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1921 - "Iintaba"
- Ngo-1922 - "Wamkelekile Isixeko sethu"
- Ngo-1929 - "Jonga ekhaya, ingelosi"
- Ngo-1935- "Ngexesha nangomlambo"
- Ngo-1935 - "Ukufa ukuya ekuseni"
- Ngo-1939 - "IWebhu kunye neLitye"
- Ngo-1940- akukho buyela ekhaya »
- Ngo-1941 - "Kwiinduli"
- Ngo-1948 - "Indlu yoThintelweyo"
I-filmography
- Ngo-1961 - "Jonga ekhayeni lakho, ingelosi"
- Ngo-1972 - "Ukukhumbula ihlobo eBerlin"
- Ngo-1979 - "Akukho buyela ekhaya"
- Ngo-2016 - "UCenius"