Biography
I-Leonid Gaidai - UMlawuli waseSoviet, umlimi kunye nomgcini-screenww owuthwesiweyo isihloko sobugcisa be-USSR ngo-1989. Uyaziwa, okokuqala, eneefilim zakhe, uninzi lwazo lwangena kwi-CURMECMICOMIL yeefilimu zasendle. Ipeyinti yakhe "yokuSebenza" s "kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe-Shurika", "i-Caucasian ithinjwa kweShurika", "isandla esitsha", "Isandla sedayani", "Ivan Vasneevich itshintsha ubugcisa" kunye "nezitulo ezili-12".
Intsomi yexesha elizayo ye-cinema yasekhaya yazalwa kwilali yasimahla, eyayikwingingqi ye-AMUR. Kodwa wayengekabikho oneminyaka ubudala xa usapho lwalusa ephekiwe, emva koko waya eIrkutsk, apho ubuntwana buka-Leon. Ukhulele nabantwana abaphezulu - uMzalwan 'uAlexander kunye nodade wabo ngo-Agasti. Ngendlela, abazali bakaGundai babengabasebenzi abalula abasebenza ngoololiwe. Kwangelo xesha, uLeonid, ophumelele kwisikolo sikaloliwe ngemfazwe, wafunda isebe.
Ngokutsho kwamarhe, i-Leonid Gaidai ngokwakhe yazigqalwa nguRussi waseRussia, kodwa utata womphathi wabizwa ngokuba yiJes Sidovich, ebize kwiingcambu zeSemicle. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, utata kaLeonid Gayiyay wayevela kwimvelaphi yaseUkraine, yaye uMlawuli ngokwakhe wayengakhange athathelwe ingqalelo njengomYuda, kuba ilifa lelizwe lidluliselwa ngunina.
I-Leonid izamile ukuya kwivolontiya yangaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yeminyaka, umfana akazange athabathe. I-Gaidai inomkhamo we-MOSCOW Samira Theatre, owayekwelo xesha kwi-Irkutsk ekukhutshweni. Emva konyaka, umfana wayeqhelekile, kodwa okokuqala wathunyelwa ekukhonzeni i-Mongolia ethe cwaka. I-Leonid yafunyanwa yile, ihlala ichaphazela ukuguqulela ngaphambili.
Kwangelo xesha, isigameko esinomdla senzekile, kwifom eguqulweyo eyafikayo kwizikrini ze-cinema kamva. Ukudibana komkhosi kwakufuna amatsha-ntliziyo ukuba atshintshele kumabala ashushu kunye nombuzo ngamnye "Ngubani kwi-Archerry?", "Kwigumbi lomkhosi?" UGaidai wakhwaza "i". Emva koko igosa laza latsho eli dumo emva kwegama elithi "linda!" Mayikwazise lonke uluhlu! "
Ngenxa yoko, i-Leonalid Gaydiy yatshintshelwa kwicala le-Kalininsky kwi-Kanalinsky kwiNgcwele, apho wayengubuqhawe, kwaye kamva wakwenzakala kakhulu, eza kwenza itshaba. Umfana ongoosimo, kwaye kude kube sekupheleni kwemfazwe ebusweni.
Emva koloyiso olukhulu, uGaidai uphumelele kwi-Irkutsk Thetio yethiyetha. Incinci esetyenzisiweyo kwimidlalo yeqonga le-drama ngumlingisi kunye nombane, kwaye emva koko waya eMoscow ukuba woyise i-vgik, apho wangena khona kwi-sundo yaseburhulumenteni.
Iifilimu
Kwimovie leonid Gaidai yenza ukuba i-temput yakhe ngo-1955, ibe njengomdlali weqonga. I-Leonid Gaidai idlale i-Aleshka kwi "Loyana" Hlamber. Kodwa i-biegraphy ye-biografiy ye-gaday ayiyi kubuza into ongayithethayo malunga nomsebenzi kwelinye icala lekhamera. Emva konyaka emva konyaka, iGaidaid Gaidai yenza ukuba i-gesout ye-gener kwaye ivelise ifilimu ende ". Lo mfanekiso waphawulwa yi-mikhail ye-mikhail ye-romm, ethi ngandlel 'ithile kwidrama ecocekileyo ikwazile ukuqwalasela idiphozithi kaGada yaseGadan. Yayiyi-romm eyayicebisa uLeonid Iovich ukuba ujonge uhlobo oluhlekisayo.Emva koko iGaidai ikhupha i-sapirical tape ye-satirical yelizwe ", ngenxa yomsebenzi waphantse walahleka. Ukusuka kwifilimu emva kotywe, kodwa kwakungekho ntweni, kodwa nasemva kokunqunyulwa okungekho mthethweni, umphathi wokuqala wavunyelwa ukuba adubule. Emva koko i-Gaidai yokuqala neyokugqibela ndaya kwisivumelwano ne-mosfilm: wenza idrama ye-Steamer "iReline izihlandlo ezithathu", evunyelwe ukuba asebenze ngakumbi. Kodwa umlawuli wale vidiyo ngokwakhe wakhanya de kuphele ubomi bakhe.
Ngo-1961, ususa iifilimu ezimfutshane "inja yenja kunye nomnqamlezo ongaqhelekanga" kunye "ne-mon ye-mons", ethi izukise uzuko lwabantu, kodwa ikwanguBathathuney oPhezulu owenziwa nguGeorge U-Vin, uYuri Nikulina no-Evgenia Morgunov.
Ukubeka inoveli ezimbalwa ye-American Hohenry kwipeyinti "abantu baseShishini", i-Gaidai ibuyela kwenye indawo yokupeyinta "kunye nokusebenza kweShurika", "iCaucasian ithinjiwe, okanye I-Adventures entsha yeSchurik "," isandla sedayada "," uIvanam vasneevich uyayitshintsha umsebenzi "," akanakuba njalo! ". Ezi filimu zaba zibuso kwi-cinema yeSoviet kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, umlawuli waphinda wafumana uncwadi, kodwa ngeli xesha uye kwimvelaphi yakhe. I-Leonid Gaidai ikhuselwe imisebenzi yeklasi yamaRussia: Ilya ilf kunye ne-Evf Petrova, Mikhail Bullgakov, Mikhail Zoshchenko kunye neNikolai Gogol. Ke enye idayimani ivele kwingqokelela ye-leonid Gay: izitulo ezili-12 ezidumileyo "ezili-12 ezidumileyo".
Ngendlela, i-Leonid Gaidai ngokwakhe yayihlala ivela kwiifilimu zakhe kwiziqendu ezincinci. Eyona ndima ininzi ngumgcini we-walfololomos zeebhokisi kwizitulo ezikwi "izitulo ezili-12". Ngeminyaka yee-1980, umlawuli wenza enye i-Class "yeMidlalo yeMidlalo-82", kwaye zaqesha izinto ezininzi zefilimu "fillil".
Ngo-1989, i-Leonid Gaidai yafumana isihloko sobugcisa be-USSR.
Imisebenzi yokugqibela ye-Leonid enkulu ye-Leonid yayiyipeyinti ye-perestroika "i-piteli yabucala, okanye" imozulu "ye-rirrigyov", apho i-DIMMYCHY HARYD "idlale indima enkulu.
Kufanelekile ukongeza ukuba umlawuli we-legendiry wayegcina kakhulu ekukhetheni. Uninzi lwamagcisa lafakwa kuye ngamaxesha amaninzi. Umzekelo, uGeorge Viaral, uVictor Uralsky, Sercy Filippov noNina Golsikow bavela kwimizobo yakhe malunga nezihlandlo ezili-10. I-Gaidai yakuthanda ukusebenza noNatalia Krachkovskaya, Alexander Deyanennka naseLeonid Kuravlev.
Iinkcukacha ezibonakalayo kwiifilimu zaba ziingoma ezenziwa ngabalinganiswa bekhathuni. I-Coun Gaidai Foms Gaime yaba yi "Ingoma malunga ne-Zaitsev", i-Hing Ringse Versina kwi "Ivamane" esuka "kwi-Royal Pyr itshintsha umsebenzi" okanye " Hlikihla umva weebhere malunga ne-Axis yomhlaba ", ecula umlinganiswa ophambili wepeyinti" yeCaucasian ekuthinjweni, okanye i-shiurik ".
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye neqabane lakhe elizayo, umxholo nguNina Golshchik, i-Leonard Gaidai yadibana neVgika-le ntombazana yayiyeyefundi. Batshatile ngo-1953 baphila kunye iminyaka engama-40. Ngendlela, umlawuli wacaphuka ukuba iqabane lakho lilale ngokusemthethweni igama lakhe lokugqibela, kodwa uGolshkova wachaza ukuba ayicacanga - indoda okanye ibhinqa elifihla i-Gaidai, kunye nomdlali weqonga ibalulekile.
Intombi ka-Oksana yazalwa kwintsapho, eyathi kamva yazisa umzukulwana kaLeonasid noNina yega.
Ukufa
Iminyaka edlulileyo ye-leONID GAIDIAI YENZA. Wayenenxeba elinganyangekiyo emlenzeni wakhe, emva koko ngenxa yobukhoboka okutshaya komlawuli baqala ukuphazamisa iphecana lokuphefumla. Ngo-1993, umphathi wagula ngokuvuvukala kwemiphunga, wangena esibhedlele, apho wabhubha khona evela kwi-charmbommbolism yocurmory. Ingcwatywe kwindawo yaseKuntsevsky eMoscow.
Kwinkumbulo ye-Leonid Gugariya, i-cinema kwi-reetown yomlawuli wasimahla wabizwa ngegama, kunye nelitye lesikhumbuzo lamiselwa. Igama elithi I-CURANA lanikezelwa i-binema enkulu ye-Irkutsk, kwaye i-plaque yeSikhumbuzo esihle ikwindlu apho umphathi wefilimu wakhulela khona. Kwakhona, iibhodi zeSikhumbuzo zivele esikolweni, apho kwakufundwa khona isithili sefilimu, kwisakhiwo sesikolo. 49, apho ngo-1943 ukuya kwelama-49, khona. I-Corps 1 kwi-Moscow Street Shiet Shernakelevky, apho i-Leonid Gaidai yayihlala emva kokufudukela eMoscow.
Ngo-2010, isikhumbuzo esiya kwi-Leonid Gayay yavela kwi-perm-i-screspotion "i-birutal, i-balbles kunye nefilimu yefilimu, equlathe ifilimu, ifakwe phambi kwekristale I-cinema. Iqhawe elithathu elihleliweyo liboniswe ngokukhula ngokupheleleyo, ngokuhamba, ngaphandle kwenyawo, ngoko ke kudibanisa nesi sihlwele xa abantu bejikeleza i-cinema.
Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwavulwa eIrkutsk. Kodwa apha, ngaphandle koThixo odumileyo, iGaidai yaseLeonad Iyeye kwiSihlalo somlawuli.
Ayilibalwanga malunga nentsomi yeemuvi zaseSoviet naseMoscow - Isikwere kwisixeko saseMosfilm sibizwa ngokuba yi-leonid Gayaday.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1961 - "Inja Barbos kunye nomnqamlezo ongaqhelekanga"
- Ngo-1965 - "ukusebenza" s "kunye nolunye uhlobo lweShurik"
- Ngo-1966 - "I-Caucasian ekuthinjweni, okanye i-adventures entsha yeShurik"
- Ngo-1968 - "Isandla sedayimani"
- Ngo-1971 - "Izitulo ezili-12"
- Ngo-1973 - "UIvan vasinemevich utshintsha umsebenzi"
- Ngo-1975 - "Awunakuba njalo!"
- Ngo-1982 - "Izemidlalo - 82"
- Ngo-1989 - "Umcuphi wabucala, okanye umsebenzi" ngokubambisana "
- 1992 - "kwi-deriarrisovskaya, imozulu elungileyo, okanye e-righton Beach kwakhona yeza imvula"