Biography
UMikhail Bulgakov ngumbhali waseRussia kunye nombhali wentsebenzo, umbhali wemisebenzi emininzi enamhlanje ithathelwa ingqalelo iiklasikhi zoncwadi lwaseRussia. Kwanele ukubiza amagama njenge "Master kunye neMargarita", "umlingi" kunye nentsomi "," Intliziyo kaDemia "," Intliziyo yenja "," intliziyo yenja "." Iincwadi ezininzi kwaye idlala i-bulgakov yafuduka.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMikhail wazalelwa eKiev kwintsapho kaNjingalwazi wase-Pendossa Atanasius Ivanovich kunye nenkosikazi yakhe i-Varvara mikhailovna, eyayikhuliswa abantwana abasixhenxe. UMisha wayengoyena mntwana olizibudala kakhulu kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukubanceda abazali ukuba balawule noqoqosho. Kubo bonke abantwana baseBulgakov, owafunyanwa nguNikolai, owaba yi-biologist, uIvan, odume ngokufuduka, kunye ne-barbar, eyathi ye-Elena Ritbine kwinoveli emhlophe.
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium, i-mikhail bulgakov ingena kwiDyunivesithi kwi-tyhel yezonyango. Ukukhetha kwakhe kwaqhagamshelwa ngokukodwa kunye nomnqweno we-mercantile - omabini amacandelo ombhali wexesha elizayo wayengoogqirha kwaye bafumana kakuhle. Kwinkwenkwana ekhule kwintsapho enkulu, le ntand yayibalulekile.
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-mikhail afhanasilevich isebenze kwindawo yomgca ngaphambili njengogqirha, emva koko kwagqirha eVoyazma, kamva eKiev, njengogqirha we-venevologist. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-20, wafudukela eMoscow kwaye eqala imisebenzi yoncwadi, kuqala njenge-fagogonist, kamva - njengoMlawuli weDatha ye-MKAT kunye nethiyetha ephakathi ye-MKAT.
Iincwadi
Incwadi yokuqala epapashiweyo i-mikhail bulgakov yayilibali le "Chiikov lika-Chichikov", obhalwe ngendlela enokucaca. Yalandelwa ngamanqaku ayi-Autobiographical ye-Puffs ", idrama yentlalo", umdala "kunye nomsebenzi wokuqala wokuqala wombhali - inoveli" emhlophe ". Okumangalisayo kukuba, iBubgakov yokuqala yaseRoma yagxekwa ngawo onke amacala: UBukubango lwasekhaya lwambiza ngamaKomanisi, kwaye amaphephandaba asekhaya aphendula ngokunyaniseka kumandla eSoviet.
I-mikhail afanasweswesweswevich ixelele i-mingail i-mithailyevich malunga nokuqala komsebenzi wakhe wezonyango ekuqokeleleni amabali onyango, esafundwa ngomdla omncinci, osafundwa ngumdla omkhulu. Ngakumbi ibali elibonisa ibali "morphy". Ngamayeza, zombini ezona ncwadi zidumileyo zombhali ziqhagamshelwe - "Intliziyo yenja", nangona inyani i-satire encinci kwinyani yeBulgakov ye-Bulgakov. Ke ibali elimangalisayo "labhalwa amaqanda" labhalwa.
Ngo-1930, i-mikhail afanasweswesivevich iphela. Umzekelo, "Intliziyo yenja" yapapashwa nje kuphela ngo-1987, "ubomi bukaMnumzana De Moilied" kunye "ne" holoyeleTer "- ngo-1965. Kwaye eyona inoveli enkulu neyona inkulu kakhulu neyinovelwano 'inkosi kunye ne-margarita ", eyayibhale kangaka kwi-1929 kwasekufeni, yaqala ukubona ukukhanya kwe-60s kuphela kwe-60s kuphela.
Ngo-Matshi 1930, umbhali ophulukene nomhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zakhe athumele ileta kurhulumente, apho acela ukusombulula ikamva lakhe- okanye asombulule, okanye anike ithuba lokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, uStalif Stalin wambiza kuye ngaphambili wathi uya kuvunyelwa ukuba abeke entyokhethwa. Kodwa ukupapashwa kweencwadi zikaBubgakov ebomini bakhe akuzange kuqale.
Ithiyetha
Emva ngo-1925, i-mikhail budys's plays zabekwa kwinqanaba lemidlalo ye-moscow - "Indlu yaseZowikin" kwinoveli "," baleka "," balekani "Island". Kunyaka kamva, ubulungiseleli babefuna ukuthintela ukuveliswa kweentsuku "ze-turbine" njenge "projektiet protit" ye-antit ", kodwa kwagqitywa kwelokuba kungakwenzi oku, okoko umntu omtyelelayo izihlandlo ezili-14.
Kungekudala imidaniso yeBudgakov isashenxiswa kwi-themba lemidlalo yelizwe kwaye kuphela ngo-1930, emva kongenelelo lwenkokeli, i-mikhail afanasweevich yabuyiselwa njengomdlalo wempangelo kunye noMlawuli.
Ubeka "imiphefumlo efileyo kaGogol" kunye neKlabhu ye-Dickens ", kodwa umbhali" u-Alexander "," Ivan "," uIvan Vasneevich "kwaye abanye ngexesha lokudlala akazange bangene emhlabeni.
Olona hlobo luphela nguMdlalo "Kabala Svysatosh", unikelwe ngumdlalo weBulgakov "Morliere" ngo-1936 ngo-1936 emva konyaka weminyaka emihlanu. Inkulumbuso idlulile ngempumelelo enkulu, kodwa i-goupe ikwazile ukunika kuphela imiboniso 7 kuphela, emva kokuba ivunyelwe. Emva koko, i-mikhail Afanashich igxothwa kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga kwaye kwixesha elizayo ifumana indawo yokuhlala njengomguquleli.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi wokuqala wombhali omkhulu yayinguTatyana latyana lapti. Umtshato wabo wawungaphezulu kwamahlwempu- umtshakazi akazange abe ne-fata, kwaye babethozamile. Ngendlela, yayinguTatyana owaba yiprototype ka-Anna Kirillovna evela kwibali "morphy".
Ngo-1925, iBulgakov yadibana nothando lwe-bolarskaya, ivela kuhlobo lwakudala lweenkosana. Wayezithanda iincwadi kwaye eqonda ngokupheleleyo i-mingail amenasilevich njengoMdali. Umbhali watshatayo ngoko nangoko waqhawula umtshato kwaye utshatile i -erhazerkarkaya.
Kwaye ngo-1932 udibana ne-Elena Sergeeevna Shilovskaya, Nee Nuremberg. Indoda iphosa iqabane lesibini kwaye likhokelela kwisithathu kwisithsaba. Ngendlela, uElena wasuswa kwinoveli eyaziwayo kwimifanekiso yeMargarita. Ngomfazi wesithathu, i-Bulgakov yayihlala ngaphambi kokuphela kobomi bakhe, kwaye yayingulowo wabeka imizamo ye-titanis ukuze apapashwe umsebenzi wakhe amthandayo. Abantwana bakaMisikail bazalwa nabafazi bakhe.
Kukho imeko ye-arithmetic-ye-arithmetic-yengqondo ene-bulgakov yamaqabane eBulgakov. Ngamnye kubo wayenomtshato omathathu asemthethweni, njengoko yena ngokwakhe. Ngaphezu koko, umfazi wokuqala, uTatiana Mikhail wayeliqabane lokuqala, kothando lwesibini - okwesibini, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ke i-mysticism eBulgakov ayikho kuphela kwiincwadi, kodwa nobomi.
Ukufa
Ngo-1939, umbhali wasebenza kwi-Batum "i-Batum" ngoJoseph Stalin, ngethemba lokuba umsebenzi onjalo awuyi kuvalwa. Umdlalo wawusele ulungiselela ukuqulunqwa xa uphawu lwaluza kuma kwakhona. Emva koko, iBulgakov yaqala impilo yakhe ngokuthe ngcembe - waqalisa ukubonakala, wazenza isifo sezintso.
I-mikhail afanasilevich ibuyiselwe ekusebenziseni i-morphine ukususa iimpawu zentlungu. Ukususela ngobusika bowe-1940, uMdali wokudlala uyekile ukuvuka ebhedini, kwaye ngoMatshi 10, umbhali omkhulu akazange enze njalo. UMikhail Bulgakov wamangcwaba e-novoddevichy, nakwingcwaba lakhe ekumiseleni iqabane, labekwa ilitye, elalifakwe ngaphambili kwingcwaba laseNikolai Gogol.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1922 - "i-adventure ye-chiikov"
- Ngo-1923 - "Inqaku logqirha oselula"
- Ngo-1923 - "Muniyad"
- Ngo-1923 - "amanqaku kwi-cuffs"
- Ngo-1924 - "Unogada Omhlophe"
- Ngo-1924 - "amaqanda atyebileyo"
- Ngo-1925 - "Intliziyo yenja"
- Ngo-1925 - I-Zoykina igumbi
- Ngo-1928 - "Run"
- Ngo-1929 - "Umhlobo Ofihlakeleyo"
- Ngo-1929 - "Kabala Scorsatosh"
- Ngo-1929-1940 - "Inkosi kunye neMargarita"
- Ngo-1933 - "Ubomi bukaMnumzana De Moili"
- Ngo-1936 - "ivan vasineevich"
- Ngo-1937 - "Romast Roman"