Biography
Phantse wonke umntu okwiminyaka yesikolo wafundwa ngomnye weencwadi ezidumileyo malunga nemfazwe enkulu yemfazwe "yendoda yokwenene." Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba ubhaliwe kwezona ziganeko ze-pilot enesibindi ligorha leSoviet Union Alexey Petrovich Maureyev. Emva kwenzakala kakhulu, waphulukana nemilenze yomibini, kodwa wala ukushiya indawo yaza yaqhubeka nenqwelomoya. Ngapha koko, kwisimo somntu okhubazekileyo sasinkqonkqoziwe phantse iphindwe kabini kwinqwelomoya kunangaphambili.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Alexey Maresiev yazalelwa kwidolophu yaseKamyshina, ibekwe kwingingqi yeSaratov. Utata wakhe uPeter Avdeevich wasweleka xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka emithathu kuphela ubudala. Umama uEkaterina Nikitichna kuphela ephakamisa oonyana abathathu - uAlya nabazalwana bakhe abakhulu abaninzi bakaPeter noIcholas. Usebenze ngokucocwa ngokulula kumzi-mveliso odibeneyo wenkuni.
Emva kwesikolo, i-maesyev yaba yi-turner kwaye yaqala ukusebenza komtya kwisityalo sokuloga. Kodwa sele kuloo minyaka, umfana othile waphupha izulu. Phinda kabini wafaka amaxwebhu kwisikolo sokubhabha, kodwa omabini la maxesha asilele kwiKhomishini yezoNyango, ekubeni ukusukela ebuntwaneni ebandezeleka ngenxa yesichengi. Ngo-1934, uAlexey uwela kwindawo yokwakha edumileyo eKomsomolsk-in-Aur. Kwakulapho ukuba umqhubi wexesha elizayo wenza indiza yakhe yokuqala, njengoko wabhaliswa kwiKlabhu yeAero.
Inkonzo engxamisekileyo yabanjwa kwi-sakhalin kwaye ikwazile ukwenza ulwalathiso lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya kwisikolo saseChita, kwaye ukusuka apho kutshintshela kwisikolo senqwelomoya. Ukuba ube nguMoya omncinci, uAlexey Maresiev wakhonza eBataysk Rideya kwaye ufundise isizukulwana esitsha solawulo lwezixhobo zenqwelo moya.
Imfazwe kunye feat
Ngokuqala kwemfazwe yezwe, uAlexey Masyev waguqulelwa kumkhosi osebenzayo. Ukuhamba komlo wokuqala wenza kwindawo yeempondo. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1942, bekukho imidlalo emine edubule inqwelo moya. Kodwa ngo-Epreli, umcimbi wenzekile obutshintshe ubomi bakhe bonke.
Ngo-Epreli 4, ngo-1942, uAlexey Masyev edabini edabini eNovgorod egutyungelwe i-bolder, kodwa wavalelwa ngomqhubi waseJamani. Ukufumene inxeba elinzima, igosa laseSoviet lakhupha ilizwe elinyanzelisiweyo, njengoko lalikhutshiwe, kumda weentshaba. Phantse iiveki ezintathu, intsika ejijekileyo yenzelwa eyakhe. Zininzi iintsuku ezili-18, zandlelwa kuphela ngamajikijolo, amagxolo omthi kunye namaqhekeza, afumaneka emhlabeni.
I-Maresev idinwe ngabahlali kufutshane nelali yaseValdaya. Kwaye waqala wamkelekela amaJamani, ongazange ancedwa ngokukhawuleza. Bekuqondayo, Seyowan bathabatha umntu endlwini, kodwa akukho mntu wokungenelela kwezonyango. Kuphela kusemva kweentsuku ezili-10 uAlexey Petrovich wangena esibhedlele, ngelo xesha wayenosulelo lwegazi kunye ne-gangrena yoyilo yomibini. Njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya emva koko, wathunyelwa esibhedlele ngokuthe tye ... kwi-morgue! Kodwa endleleni, i-maresev inonjingalwazi weTerebinsky, othathe isigqibo malunga nokungenwa kwemilenze yomibini imilenze.
Xa uAlexey waqonda ukuba uza kuphila, ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukulungiselela ukubuyela ngaphambili. Wena ngokwakhe wafumana uqeqesho, oluvumelekile ukuba lubhabhe lubhabhe kunye nobuqhetseba. Ngobusika bowe-1943, i-maneyev ichitha umthendeleko wokulwa njengenxalenye yabalindi yokuhamba ngeenyawo. NgoJulayi, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wenza inyamakazi, ebetha kwangoko abacimi baseJamani ababini baseJamani kwaye basebenze ubomi babalingane bakhe ababini. Ngenxa yoku, wanikwa isihloko segorha leSoviet Union, kwaye uzuko ngenqwelo moya otyhafileyo ilizwe kwilizwe liphela.
Wayigqiba imfazwe ye-masyev njengomhloli, ibeka esweni iiyunivesithi zomkhosi womoya. UAlexey Petrovich ukwazi ukuthatha i-86 yokuhamba kwiimeko zokulwa, apho iiyunithi ezili-11 zoochwephesha botshaba zidutyulwe phantsi. Ngapha koko, isixhenxe sazo sele sibhabha kunye ne-rustheses.
Ubomi Buqu
Nangona wayenozuko olungqongeyo, uAlexei Masyev wayehlala ehlala indoda ethozamileyo kwaye wazama ukungasebenzisi isibonelelo senkonzo okanye isihloko seqhawe. Ngaphandle kokuphela kwetyala elinxulumene nobomi bakhe. Kwikomkhulu eliphambili lomkhosi womoya ngapha kwemfazwe, wabona intombazana entle, evuya ngayo ukuba ikhubazeke, kwaye okwesibini, nokuba ukhululekile.
Ke kuphela kwexesha uAlexey Petrovich wasebenzisa ithuba lendawo yaseburhulumenteni, kwabakho isibheno kwisebe labasebenzi malunga nemeko yomtshato ye-Olga Viktorovna, awayezenzele ukutshata ngenyanga.
Baphila ubomi obude bonwabe. Oonyana ababini bazalelwa entsatsheni-uVictor no-Alezey. Akukho namnye kubafana emanyathelweni kaBawo akazange ahambe. Unyana omkhulu wayephupha ngeemoto, waba yinjineli, kwaye omncinci wayenobuntwana babantwana abakhubazekileyo, ngenxa yoko wayengenakuphupha ngezulu.
I-Maureyev ihlala ixhasa ubume bomzimba obuhle- ukubanjwa echibini, wakhwela ibhayisekile kunye ne-skick, uhambe kwi-skis. Ngapha koko, waphinda wagxeka i-volga, ebeka irekhodi okwethutyana.
Ukufa
Ngexesha lemfazwe, ubomi kunye no-Alexei Maresev wagutyungelwa ngokubanzi kumaphephandaba. UBoris Polev, owawusazi ukuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya, wabhalwa yintsomi "eyindoda yokwenene." Kodwa igorha yedwa lobangozuko olungaphezulu kunokuba lugcinwe. Yazisa la mazwi:
Wonke umntu walwa. Bangaphi abantu ekukhanyeni kwabo bantu kwakungekho ntsimi. "Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-85 yeqhawe lembali kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga lomkhosi waseRussia, ikhonsathi enikezelwe kwisikhumbuzo sayo yenzeka. Kodwa kwiyure nje enye ngaphambi kokuqala kombhiyozo, i-Alexey Petrovich yayinesifo sentliziyo, eyaye sabulala. Ngenxa yoko, iholide iguqulwe ngokuhlwa kwememori, eyaqala ngomzuzu wokuthula.
Kwinkumbulo ye-Alexei Maresiev ifake izikhumbuzo ezininzi, kwizixeko ezininzi kukho izitrato ezinxibe igama lakhe. Kananjalo ayizange idlule kunye ne-binema. E-USSR, ifilimu ethi "Imbonakalo yendoda yokwenene" yaphuma, eyona ndima yePaul Pavlovnikov yayidlalwa, nangona umphathi wawuqala wayefuna ukudubula abaqhubi bazo. Ngo-2005, umfanekiso obhaliweyo "ikamva lale ndoda" ladalwa.